15 May 200615 May 2006 SIAMOIS Kickoff meetingSIAMOIS Kickoff meeting 11

Solar-like oscillatorsSolar-like oscillatorsand beyond and beyond

with with SIAMOISSIAMOIS

Don KurtzDon KurtzCfA UCLan, UKCfA UCLan, UK

15 May 200615 May 2006 SIAMOIS Kickoff meetingSIAMOIS Kickoff meeting 22

Strengths of SIAMOISStrengths of SIAMOIS Radial velocities precision: How precise?Radial velocities precision: How precise?

• cm scm s-1-1 for solar-like oscillators for solar-like oscillators• m sm s-1-1 or 10s of m s or 10s of m s-1-1 for other asteroseismic for other asteroseismic

targets targets

At 10s of m sAt 10s of m s-1-1 precision there are many precision there are many targetstargets• V=9 V=9 10 x the noise of V = 4: OK 10 x the noise of V = 4: OK• v sin i = 100 km sv sin i = 100 km s-1 -1 N x the noise of N x the noise of

v sin i = 20 km sv sin i = 20 km s-1-1: OK?: OK?

S/N is what mattersS/N is what matters• Big signals can tolerate higher noiseBig signals can tolerate higher noise

15 May 200615 May 2006 SIAMOIS Kickoff meetingSIAMOIS Kickoff meeting 33

Strengths of SIAMOISStrengths of SIAMOIS

Dome C – continuous coverageDome C – continuous coverage 80-90% duty cycles80-90% duty cycles

WET (Whole Earth Telescope) costs WET (Whole Earth Telescope) costs ~€~€50,000/week (lower duty cycles)50,000/week (lower duty cycles)

20 weeks/year at Dome C =20 weeks/year at Dome C =

€ €1,000,000/year1,000,000/year

15 May 200615 May 2006 SIAMOIS Kickoff meetingSIAMOIS Kickoff meeting 44

Strengths of SIAMOISStrengths of SIAMOIS

Dome C – continuous coverageDome C – continuous coverage

Continuous coverage by itself Continuous coverage by itself leads to new scienceleads to new science• High precision is an independent High precision is an independent

requirementrequirement• Some targets don’t need itSome targets don’t need it

15 May 200615 May 2006 SIAMOIS Kickoff meetingSIAMOIS Kickoff meeting 55

An asteroseismic HR DiagramAn asteroseismic HR Diagram

Joergen Christensen-Dalgaard

15 May 200615 May 2006 SIAMOIS Kickoff meetingSIAMOIS Kickoff meeting 66

For SIAMOIS?For SIAMOIS?

Joergen Christensen-Dalgaard

Probably not

faintbroad-lined(pressure)

YES

some brightsome sharp-lined

15 May 200615 May 2006 SIAMOIS Kickoff meetingSIAMOIS Kickoff meeting 77

Solar-like oscillatorsSolar-like oscillators

Are solar-like oscillators good targets Are solar-like oscillators good targets for SIAMOIS?for SIAMOIS?

Stochastically driven red giantsStochastically driven red giants• Caroline Barban’s talkCaroline Barban’s talk

15 May 200615 May 2006 SIAMOIS Kickoff meetingSIAMOIS Kickoff meeting 88

Red GiantsRed Giants

15 May 200615 May 2006 SIAMOIS Kickoff meetingSIAMOIS Kickoff meeting 99

Solar-like oscillatorsSolar-like oscillators

Are solar-like oscillators good targets Are solar-like oscillators good targets for SIAMOIS?for SIAMOIS?

Specifically: Specifically: Are Are Centauri A and B good targets Centauri A and B good targets

for SIAMOIS?for SIAMOIS?

15 May 200615 May 2006 SIAMOIS Kickoff meetingSIAMOIS Kickoff meeting 1010

Solar-like Oscillations in Solar-like Oscillations in Centauri A Centauri A

UVES & UCLESUVES & UCLES 42 oscillation frequencies42 oscillation frequencies ℓℓ = 1-3= 1-3 Mode lifetimes only Mode lifetimes only

1-2 days1-2 days Noise level = 2 cm sNoise level = 2 cm s-1-1!!

Bedding, T., et al. 2004, ApJ, 614, 380

15 May 200615 May 2006 SIAMOIS Kickoff meetingSIAMOIS Kickoff meeting 1111

Mode lifetimesMode lifetimes Does SIAMOIS beat UVES for short Does SIAMOIS beat UVES for short

lifetimes? lifetimes? • Some – Josefina Montalban’s talkSome – Josefina Montalban’s talk

Are there solar-like oscillators with longer Are there solar-like oscillators with longer mode lifetimes? mode lifetimes? • The Sun! So, of course. The Sun! So, of course. • Targets will be found in large numbers before Targets will be found in large numbers before

SIAMOIS is operational. SIAMOIS is operational.

No problem.No problem.

15 May 200615 May 2006 SIAMOIS Kickoff meetingSIAMOIS Kickoff meeting 1212

Oscillations and planetsOscillations and planets Stellar activity, convection and pulsation are Stellar activity, convection and pulsation are

“noise” to planet-hunters“noise” to planet-hunters

Planets are “noise” to asteroseismologistsPlanets are “noise” to asteroseismologists

The two fields are not just complementaryThe two fields are not just complementary

It is mandatory to do both together atIt is mandatory to do both together atcm scm s-1-1 precision precision

15 May 200615 May 2006 SIAMOIS Kickoff meetingSIAMOIS Kickoff meeting 1313

AraeArae

V = 5.15V = 5.15 G3IV-VG3IV-V

PProtrot = 22 days = 22 days

14 M14 M planet; P planet; Porborb = 9.55 days = 9.55 days

43 p-modes detected43 p-modes detected 8-day single-site HARPS study8-day single-site HARPS study

Bouchy, F., Bazot, M., Santos, N. C., Vauclair, S., Sosnowska, D., 2005, A&A, 440, 609

15 May 200615 May 2006 SIAMOIS Kickoff meetingSIAMOIS Kickoff meeting 1414

Arae – the Arae – the 14 M14 M planet planet

Bouchy, F., Bazot, M., Santos, N. C., Vauclair, S., Sosnowska, D., 2005, A&A, 440, 609

15 May 200615 May 2006 SIAMOIS Kickoff meetingSIAMOIS Kickoff meeting 1515

Arae – ~8-min the pulsationsArae – ~8-min the pulsations

Bouchy, F., Bazot, M., Santos, N. C., Vauclair, S., Sosnowska, D., 2005, A&A, 440, 609

15 May 200615 May 2006 SIAMOIS Kickoff meetingSIAMOIS Kickoff meeting 1616

AraeArae

Bouchy, F., Bazot, M., Santos, N. C., Vauclair, S., Sosnowska, D., 2005, A&A, 440, 609

15 May 200615 May 2006 SIAMOIS Kickoff meetingSIAMOIS Kickoff meeting 1717

Arae and othersArae and others 3-week run on SIAMOIS:3-week run on SIAMOIS:

• Two 9.5-day planet orbitsTwo 9.5-day planet orbits

• Excellent asteroseismic frequency Excellent asteroseismic frequency

resolutionresolution

Many more targets with dual payoff Many more targets with dual payoff

will be known by 2010will be known by 2010

15 May 200615 May 2006 SIAMOIS Kickoff meetingSIAMOIS Kickoff meeting 1818

Rapidly oscillating Ap (roAp) starsRapidly oscillating Ap (roAp) stars

A stars; H-core burningA stars; H-core burning Pulsation periods 5 – 21 minutesPulsation periods 5 – 21 minutes Radial velocity amplitudes up to Radial velocity amplitudes up to

many km smany km s-1-1 v sin i < 30 km sv sin i < 30 km s-1-1

• v sin i = 3 m sv sin i = 3 m s-1-1 in in Equ! Equ! Spectrum rich in linesSpectrum rich in lines

• Good for SIAMOISGood for SIAMOIS

15 May 200615 May 2006 SIAMOIS Kickoff meetingSIAMOIS Kickoff meeting 1919

Resolving pulsations Resolving pulsations in the atmospheresin the atmospheres

of roAp starsof roAp starswith UVESwith UVES

Don Kurtz, Vladimir Elkin, Gautier MathysDon Kurtz, Vladimir Elkin, Gautier Mathys

15 May 200615 May 2006 SIAMOIS Kickoff meetingSIAMOIS Kickoff meeting 2020

Atomic diffusionAtomic diffusion

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Theoretical expectationTheoretical expectation

Saio, 2005, MNRAS, 360, 1022

= 0.7 = 0.1

15 May 200615 May 2006 SIAMOIS Kickoff meetingSIAMOIS Kickoff meeting 2222

~ 10-5

~ 10-2

~ 10-5

~ 10-2

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HD 166473HD 166473 = 1.5 m s-1

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HD 166473HD 166473 = 1.3 m s-1instrumental

15 May 200615 May 2006 SIAMOIS Kickoff meetingSIAMOIS Kickoff meeting 2525

roAp stars with SIAMOISroAp stars with SIAMOIS Frequencies will be better-determined Frequencies will be better-determined

than for photometrythan for photometry You can use the whole spectrumYou can use the whole spectrum For example:For example: HD101065 with HARPSHD101065 with HARPS

• V = 8; Dec = -46V = 8; Dec = -46oo

• Five frequencies with 6 < A < 220 m sFive frequencies with 6 < A < 220 m s-1-1

• Precision ~ 1 m sPrecision ~ 1 m s-1-1 Mkrtichian, D., Hatzes, A., 2005, JAA, 26, 185

15 May 200615 May 2006 SIAMOIS Kickoff meetingSIAMOIS Kickoff meeting 2626

What can you do with the frequencies What can you do with the frequencies in roAp stars? – HR 1217in roAp stars? – HR 1217

15 May 200615 May 2006 SIAMOIS Kickoff meetingSIAMOIS Kickoff meeting 2727

A model and predictionA model and prediction

Cunha, M. 1999, PhD thesis, CambridgeCunha, M. 1999, PhD thesis, CambridgeCunha, M. Gough, D., 2001, MNRAS, 319, 1020Cunha, M. Gough, D., 2001, MNRAS, 319, 1020Bigot et al. 2000, A&A, 356, 218Bigot et al. 2000, A&A, 356, 218

15 May 200615 May 2006 SIAMOIS Kickoff meetingSIAMOIS Kickoff meeting 2828

HR 1217HR 1217photometric campaignsphotometric campaigns

15 May 200615 May 2006 SIAMOIS Kickoff meetingSIAMOIS Kickoff meeting 2929

HR 1217HR 1217photometric campaignsphotometric campaigns

15 May 200615 May 2006 SIAMOIS Kickoff meetingSIAMOIS Kickoff meeting 3030

SIAMOIS winsSIAMOIS wins HR 1217HR 1217 5-week WET extended coverage 5-week WET extended coverage

campaigncampaign 46 astronomers46 astronomers ~€250,000~€250,000 duty cycle for 35 days = 36%duty cycle for 35 days = 36%

Kurtz, D. W.; Cameron, C.; Cunha, M. S.; Dolez, N.; Vauclair, G.; Pallier, E.; Ulla, A.; Kepler, S. O.; da Costa, A.; Kanaan, A.; Fraga, L.; Giovannini, O.; Wood, M. A.; Silvestri, N.; Kawaler, S. D.; Riddle, R. L.; Reed, M. D.; Watson, T. K.; Metcalfe, T. S.; Mukadam, A.; Nather, R. E.; Winget, D. E.; Nitta, A.; Kleinman, S. J.; Guzik, J. A.; Bradley, P. A.; Matthews, J. M.; Sekiguchi, K.;

Sullivan, D. J.; Sullivan, T.; Shobbrook, R.; Jiang, X.; Birch, P. V.; Ashoka, B. N.; Seetha, S.; Girish, V.; Joshi, S.; Moskalik, P.; Zola, S.; O'Donoghue, D.; Handler, G.; Mueller, M.;

Perez, J. M. Gonzalez; Solheim, J.-E.; Johannessen, F.; Bigot, L., 2006, MNRAS, 358, 651

15 May 200615 May 2006 SIAMOIS Kickoff meetingSIAMOIS Kickoff meeting 3131

SIAMOIS wins - aliasesSIAMOIS wins - aliases

15 May 200615 May 2006 SIAMOIS Kickoff meetingSIAMOIS Kickoff meeting 3232

SIAMOIS wins - aliasesSIAMOIS wins - aliases

15 May 200615 May 2006 SIAMOIS Kickoff meetingSIAMOIS Kickoff meeting 3333

SIAMOIS wins - aliasesSIAMOIS wins - aliases

15 May 200615 May 2006 SIAMOIS Kickoff meetingSIAMOIS Kickoff meeting 3434

SIAMOIS winsSIAMOIS wins

SIAMOIS wins because of the duty SIAMOIS wins because of the duty cyclecycle

A Dome C photometric telescope can A Dome C photometric telescope can compete in this casecompete in this case

Thierry Appourchaux’s talk Thierry Appourchaux’s talk

15 May 200615 May 2006 SIAMOIS Kickoff meetingSIAMOIS Kickoff meeting 3535

roAp star targets for SIAMOISroAp star targets for SIAMOIS

CirCir• V = 3.2; Dec = -65V = 3.2; Dec = -65oo; v sin i < 20 km s; v sin i < 20 km s-1-1

• Multi-periodicMulti-periodic• Photometry from the ground and from Photometry from the ground and from

the WIRE satellite cannot quite reach the WIRE satellite cannot quite reach the precision needed. the precision needed.

• A (HA (H) = 254 ) = 254 4 m s 4 m s-1-1 (UVES) (UVES)

15 May 200615 May 2006 SIAMOIS Kickoff meetingSIAMOIS Kickoff meeting 3636

CirCir

Kurtz, D. W.; Sullivan, D. J.; Martinez, P.; Tripe, P. , 1994, MNRAS, 270, 674

15 May 200615 May 2006 SIAMOIS Kickoff meetingSIAMOIS Kickoff meeting 3737

CirCir

Matthews, Jaymie M.; Kurtz, D. W.; Martinez, Peter, 1999, ApJ, 511, 422

15 May 200615 May 2006 SIAMOIS Kickoff meetingSIAMOIS Kickoff meeting 3838

roAp star targets for SIAMOISroAp star targets for SIAMOIS

HD60435HD60435• V = 8.9 (a bit tough)V = 8.9 (a bit tough)• Dec = -58Dec = -58oo

• PProtrot = 7.679 d; v sin i is low = 7.679 d; v sin i is low

• The most multi-periodic roAp starThe most multi-periodic roAp star• A (HA (H) = 495 ) = 495 25 m s 25 m s-1-1 (UVES) (UVES)

15 May 200615 May 2006 SIAMOIS Kickoff meetingSIAMOIS Kickoff meeting 3939

HD 60435HD 60435

Matthews, Jaymie M.; Wehlau, William H.; Kurtz, Donald W. , 1987, ApJ, 313, 782

15 May 200615 May 2006 SIAMOIS Kickoff meetingSIAMOIS Kickoff meeting 4040

HD 60435HD 60435Asteroseismic signature of helium gradients Asteroseismic signature of helium gradients

Vauclair, S.; Théado, S., 2004, A&A, 425, 179

15 May 200615 May 2006 SIAMOIS Kickoff meetingSIAMOIS Kickoff meeting 4141

More targetsMore targets

15 May 200615 May 2006 SIAMOIS Kickoff meetingSIAMOIS Kickoff meeting 4242

More targets - More targets - Scuti stars Scuti stars

Pup is on the SIAMOIS target listPup is on the SIAMOIS target list Solar-like oscillations are predicted in Solar-like oscillations are predicted in

Scuti starsScuti stars Houdek et al. 1999, A&A, 351, 582Houdek et al. 1999, A&A, 351, 582 Samadi et al., 2002, A&A, 395, 563Samadi et al., 2002, A&A, 395, 563

A ~ 2 m sA ~ 2 m s-1-1

~ 2 mHz~ 2 mHz Scuti stars are difficult Scuti stars are difficult

asteroseismicallyasteroseismically

15 May 200615 May 2006 SIAMOIS Kickoff meetingSIAMOIS Kickoff meeting 4343

More targets – PMS More targets – PMS Scuti stars Scuti stars

HR 5999 HR 5999 • V = 7.0V = 7.0• Dec = -58Dec = -58oo

• v sin i high (~ 200 km sv sin i high (~ 200 km s-1-1)) The circumstellar nebula should not The circumstellar nebula should not

interfere, as it does in photometryinterfere, as it does in photometry

15 May 200615 May 2006 SIAMOIS Kickoff meetingSIAMOIS Kickoff meeting 4444

More targetsMore targets

Dor starsDor stars• g-mode pulsatorsg-mode pulsators• Multiperiodic; P ~ daysMultiperiodic; P ~ days• Need continuous coverageNeed continuous coverage

Phillipe Mathias’s talkPhillipe Mathias’s talk

15 May 200615 May 2006 SIAMOIS Kickoff meetingSIAMOIS Kickoff meeting 4545

More targetsMore targets

RR Lyrae stars – The Blazhko EffectRR Lyrae stars – The Blazhko Effect Blazhko period ~10 – 500 daysBlazhko period ~10 – 500 days

• Highly non-sinusoidalHighly non-sinusoidal• many harmonicsmany harmonics

Need continuous coverageNeed continuous coverage

15 May 200615 May 2006 SIAMOIS Kickoff meetingSIAMOIS Kickoff meeting 4646

More targets - B starsMore targets - B stars

Cephei stars: p-mode and g-modeCephei stars: p-mode and g-mode SPB stars; g-modeSPB stars; g-mode Some are slowly rotatingSome are slowly rotating Some are brightSome are bright Even a few frequencies can be Even a few frequencies can be

scientifically rewardingscientifically rewarding B stars have few lines - problemB stars have few lines - problem

15 May 200615 May 2006 SIAMOIS Kickoff meetingSIAMOIS Kickoff meeting 4747

HD 129929 = V836 Cen HD 129929 = V836 Cen 20-yr multicolour photometry

Core overshooting with aOV = 0.1

Non-rigid rotation: 4 times faster near core

Aerts et al., 2003, Science, 300, 926

V = 8Dec = -37o

15 May 200615 May 2006 SIAMOIS Kickoff meetingSIAMOIS Kickoff meeting 4848

EridaniEridani

V = 3.9Dec = -3o

15 May 200615 May 2006 SIAMOIS Kickoff meetingSIAMOIS Kickoff meeting 4949

Continuous coverage - MOSTContinuous coverage - MOST

HD163830 HD163830 SPB starSPB star V = 9.3V = 9.3 B5II/IIIB5II/III 37 days coverage37 days coverage 20 frequencies detected20 frequencies detected

15 May 200615 May 2006 SIAMOIS Kickoff meetingSIAMOIS Kickoff meeting 5050

HD 163830HD 163830

Aerts, C.; De Cat, P.; Kuschnig, R.; Matthews, J. M.; Guenther, D. B.; Moffat, A. F. J.; Rucinski, S. M.; Sasselov, D.; Walker, G. A. H.; Weiss, W. W., 2006, ApJ, 642, L65

15 May 200615 May 2006 SIAMOIS Kickoff meetingSIAMOIS Kickoff meeting 5151

HD 163830HD 163830

Aerts, C.; De Cat, P.; Kuschnig, R.; Matthews, J. M.; Guenther, D. B.; Moffat, A. F. J.; Rucinski, S. M.; Sasselov, D.; Walker, G. A. H.; Weiss, W. W., 2006, ApJ, 642, L65

15 May 200615 May 2006 SIAMOIS Kickoff meetingSIAMOIS Kickoff meeting 5252

First seasonFirst season

SIAMOIS needs targets with big SIAMOIS needs targets with big payoffs to start:payoffs to start:

Targets that demand precision Targets that demand precision andand high duty cyclehigh duty cycle• Solar-like oscillators with long mode Solar-like oscillators with long mode

lifetimeslifetimes• Pulsators with planetsPulsators with planets• A few selected targets with good A few selected targets with good

scientific prospectsscientific prospects

15 May 200615 May 2006 SIAMOIS Kickoff meetingSIAMOIS Kickoff meeting 5353

LaterLater

After SIAMOIS’s first successful After SIAMOIS’s first successful season (or even before!):season (or even before!):

Bigger Dome C RV meters will be Bigger Dome C RV meters will be plannedplanned

SIAMOIS can then move to the less-SIAMOIS can then move to the less-demanding (in precision) targets that demanding (in precision) targets that require continuous coveragerequire continuous coverage