Solar Power Plants From Abb We Make Solar Power Reliable and Affordable

Solar power plants from ABB We make solar power reliable and affordable

Steve Hsu, Business Development Manager, 2012-10-26

© ABB Group

October 15, 2012 | Slide 2

A global leader in power and automation technologies Leading market positions in main businesses

145,000 employees in about 100

countries

$38 billion in revenue (2011)

Formed in 1988 merger of Swiss and

Swedish engineering companies

Predecessors founded in 1883 and

1891

Publicly owned company with head

office in Switzerland

© ABB Group


Power and productivity for a better world ABB’s vision

As one of the world’s leading engineering companies, we

help our customers to use electrical power efficiently, to

increase industrial productivity and to lower environmental

impact in a sustainable way.

© ABB Group


How ABB is organized Five global divisions

Power Products

Power Systems

Discrete Automation and Motion

Process Automation

$10.9 billion

36,000

employees

$8.1 billion

20,000

employees

$8.8 billion

29,000

employees

$8.3 billion

28,000

employees

(2011 revenues, consolidated; including Thomas & Betts revenue for LP division)

Low Voltage Products

$7.7 billion

31,000

employees

Electricals, automation, controls and instrumentation for power generation and industrial processes

Power transmission

Distribution solutions

Low-voltage products

Motors and drives

Intelligent building systems

Robots and robot systems

Services to improve customers

productivity and reliability

ABB’s portfolio covers:

CSP power plants

Cost effective direct steam

generation

High efficient power

generation with steam

parameters up to 130 bar,

530°C steam

Highest yield per m2 land

In cooperation with

Novatec Solar

PV power plants

Optimized integrated

solution

Maximal yield at each

moment of day

Integration into grid

Independent from module

supplier

ABB offers turnkey solar power plants Reliable execution and guaranteed performance

Month DD, Year | Slide 5

© ABB Group

CPV power plants

Outstanding solar electrical

efficiency with triple junction

cell and dual axis tracking.

Prefabricated and tested

modular plug and play

system

In cooperation with

Greenvolts

CSP power plants

Utility scale power plant

from 50 MW to 250 MW

Dispatchable energy

from plant with thermal

storage

Process heat / steam

Solar resource:

high DNI area

PV power plants


1 to 100 MW

Industrial roof top

installation from 500 kW

Solar resource:

all level of global irradiation

Three solar technologies for different applications Highest performance for every environment


© ABB Group

CPV power plants


1 to 50 MW

Dezentralized power plants

from 100 kW

Solar resource:

high DNI area

Photovoltaic power Integrated solution

© ABB Group October 15, 2012 | Slide 7

PV: offered scope Clients requirement defines ABB’s scope

Panels Trackers DC cabling protectors

Inverters Transformat

ion center

Grid connection

PV: ABB as turn key contractor Integrated solution for high performance

Inverters DC field

A

V

A

V

A

V

Tracker

DC Cables

A

V

Integrated plant design, and yield calculation

Panels Trackers DC cabling protectors

Inverters Transformation

center

Turnkey solution project management, site management, H&S, quality control

Automation, monitoring and remote control

External partner

Developer client

Turnkey ABB

Automation ABB

Power electronics

ABB

Electrification ABB

Balance of system

ABB

PV modules partner

PV: different set up according to clients requirement ABB cooperates with module supplier


© ABB Group

Developer client

Turnkey ABB

Automation ABB

Power electronics

ABB

Electrification ABB

Balance of system

ABB

PV modules partner

a) ABB and module partner build a consortium, managed by ABB

b) Module

Partner is sub

supplier to ABB,

but the PV

Module Partner

is directly

accountable for

the extended

warranty

period of PV

Modules

Photovoltaic power Standard PV plants components & ABB portfolio associated


© ABB Group


Main elements of a Solar Power plant: 1 Solar arrays (fix or solar trackers) 2 Solar Drives 3 LV distribution and protection cabinets 4 Inverter + transformation center 5 Entrance point 6 Supervision and control station 7 Civil engineering (ground preparation, streets, buildings…) 8 Safety & Security system (CCTV,etc)

VISTA EN PLANTA

DE

PARQUE SOLAR

2MW

4

6

2

1 7

5

8

3

MV net

MV prefabricated Substation

Standard plant and ABB portfolio Typical layout of a PV solar plant

© ABB Group


Standard 1.000 Mwp Electrical drawing

Standard plant and ABB portfolio

© ABB Group


Products and services

Cell and Photovoltaic modules (No ABB)

Trackers (Partner of ABB)

Inverters (ABB)

Substations (ABB)

Protections (ABB)

Security access control (ABB)

Supervisory control (ABB)

REE dispatching protocol (ABB)

Solar energy optimization (ABB)

Installation, erection and commissioning.

Integrators alliance


Photovoltaic power “The Evolution of PV Interconnection Requirements”



PowerTech, 2011 IEEE Trondheim

Date of Conference: 19-23 June 2011

Author(s): Marinopoulos, A. ; Corp. Res., ABB AB, Vasteras, Sweden

Abstract

The current work focuses on two specific issues concerning grid-connected solar PV

units, i.e. the fault ride-through capability, also called low voltage ride-through

capability, and the voltage support function through reactive power injection during

faults. With the first one the PV unit can actually provide some limited grid support,

whereas with a defined reactive power characteristic it can give a complete dynamic

grid support. These two requirements, already known for wind power generation but

new for the PV, have been recently introduced in the German technical guidelines

for connection to the MV grid. Scope of the paper is to implement these

requirements in a large solar PV plant, modeled in DIgSILENT PowerFactory, in order

to understand its operation, and to evaluate its behavior and impact on the grid,

in terms of stability and voltage support during grid fault.


PV standards – a look to Europe

EU countries (i.e. Germany. France and Italy) have

passed new grid interconnection standards for MW

installs

All are somewhat different, but major trends for static

and dynamic grid support can be recognized:

Static active power limitation (curtailment)

Dynamic active power reduction

Low Voltage Ride Through (LVRT)

Power factor set point

Reactive power generation (VAR compensation)


Grid interconnection - USA





ABB Central Inverters, PVS800 Grid support - Reactive power compensation - Power reduction - Low voltage ride through (LVRT)


ABB Center Inverters PVS800 Overview (1)


ABB Center Inverters PVS800 Overview (2)


ABB megawatt station PVS800-MWS 1. Grid support Substation - Reactive power compensation - Power reduction - Low voltage ride through (LVRT) 2. Comply to IEC 62271-202 High-voltage/low-voltage prefabricated substation standard


ABB junction box with monitoring PVS-JB-8-M


ABB junction box with monitoring

ABB junction box with monitoring Block Diagram

ABB web boxABB web box

Remote monitoring

portal

Modbus

STR

MON 230VAC

MODBUS

24 x 8 = 192 modules, 192 x 245 Wp = 47,04 kWp

.

.

.

Solar Array 1.12

Totally per 500 kW inverter:

24 x 96 = 2304 modules

2304 x 245 Wp = 564,48 kWp

Junction boxes with

string monitoring

3

PVS800-57-0500kW-A (1000 Vdc)

230 Vac

supply

Ethernet

switch

Internet

From other 500 kW inverters

ETHERNET/

MODBUS CONV

(NETA)

To the

transformer

(300 Vac)

STR

MON 230VAC

MODBUS

24 x 8 = 192 modules, 192 x 245 Wp = 47,04 kWp

Solar Array 1.1

Solar Array 1.2

Solar Array 1.11

STR

MON 230VAC

MODBUS

STR

MON 230VAC

MODBUS

24 x 8 = 192 modules, 192 x 245 Wp = 47,04 kWp

24 x 8 = 192 modules, 192 x 245 Wp = 47,04 kWp


ABB String Inverters, PVS300 for 經濟部能源局“陽光屋頂百萬座” 計畫


ABB PVS300 String Inverters


Remote Monitoring Portal (RMP) application


Reactive power kvar display

Photovoltaic power ABB central inverter PVS800 Preventive maintenance and Reconditioning services



PVS800 Central Inverter Care Contract


PVS800 Central Inverter Maintenance Service Schedule (sample)


Solar Power ABB於太陽光電發電系統之建置,營運與解決方案

Yenfu Cheng, Head of Power Generation Business Unit, 2012-10-26






Inverters (ABB)

Substations (ABB)

Protections (ABB)



REE dispatching protocol (ABB)

Solar energy optimization (ABB)

Installation, erection and commissioning.


Thermosolar Power Plants (CSP)

CSC Technology is based on solar radiation

concentration to produce steam or hot air which

could then be used on conventional electric plants.

Main Components

Concentrator: Different optics elements as

mirrors, concentrate the sun on a point or a line

where the receiver is located.

Receiver: The receiver collets the concentrated

sun rays and transfers the energy to a heat

transfer fluid.

Heat Exchanger: At the evaporator the heat

transfer fluid transfers heat the water that

becomes steam.

Turbine


There are 4 key CSP technologies: parabolic trough has by far the largest installed fleet…


350 MW of parabolic trough capacity installed in the Mojave Desert, US in the 1980’s, ABB was a key

participant in these projects.

Thermosolar Power Plants (CSP) Parabolic

The parabolic troughs are used to track the

sun and concentrate sunlight on to the

thermally efficient receiver tubes placed in

the trough focal line. In these tubes, a

thermal transfer fluid is circulated, such as

synthetic thermal oil. This oil is then

pumped through a series of heat

exchangers to produce steam. The steam

is converted to electrical energy in a

conventional steam turbine generator.

Main components

Reflector

Absorber tube

Tracking system

Structure


CSP simplified scheme


Thermosolar Power Plants (CSP) Power Tower

A circular array of heliostats (2 axis

tracking mirror) is used to concentrate

sunlight to a central receiver mounted

on the top of a tower. A heat transfer

medium in this receiver absorbs the

highly concentrated radiation and

coverts it into thermal energy to be

used by a turbine.

Main components

Heliostats

Tower

Receptor

Characteristics:

High temperatures = High yields


Solar power tower

Solar Trees power tower power 17MW currently under

construction in Andalucia, Spain, total estimated cost = 200M Euro

Key design challenges:

Central receiver – high differential thermal stresses & large n

。Of temp cycles (fatigue)

Pumping molten salt up to the top of the tower

Consortium:

Sensor – concept & engineering

ACS Cobra – construction

Saint Gobain – heliostat glass

Siemens – Turbine island © ABB Group October 15, 2012 | Slide 8

Stirling System

SunCatcher 25 kW 38ft

Thermal engine stirling cycle with

an asynchronous generator


Hybrid CCPP (ISCC): basics

The heat coming from the solar field is used as extra

energy for steam production on the combine cycle.

Thereby the fuel is partly substituted by the solar resource.


ISCC = Integrated Solar Combined Cycle

Solar Thermal Power in ABB

Pablo Astorga, ABB Spain - Power Generation (PSP), 11/03/2009

ABB Portfolio for STP

Thermosolar power plants

ABB Portfolio for STP eBOP


ABB Portfolio for STP Electrical Balance of Plant (eBOP)


ABB Portfolio for STP Typical ABB’s supply

Distributed Control System AC800M/PGP

Field Solar Communication System (SCS): 1 x AC800M

Solar Field Control System (LOC): 1,250 x AC500

Main transformer: 50/65 MVA, 225/11KV, YNd11, vacuum

regulation

MV switchgear for 11kV and 6.3 kV

Breakers

2xVD4/M-12.12.50ZC+PowerBlock ZS1

4xHD4/P-12.16.25+PBE-2

40xHD4/P-12.06.25+PBE-1

Contactors: 8xV/P-7 (RM)+PBE-1

Fuses: 24x for the contactors

Transformer: DTE1000A8D (100 kVA, 3 winding, 6000/725V)

Drive: ACS800-07-1160-7 (953 A, 690 V, IP54R)

Motor: AMA400L2L (900 kW, 690 V, 2 poles, IP55, IC411)


STP plant development, integration and subsystems


ABB’s Portfolio for STP ABB substation ( 50 MVA - 100 MVA ) ( 132 KV - 225 KV )

Key deliverables

ƒ Turnkey substations.

ƒ Transformers.

ƒ Switchgear.

ƒ Motorized Breakers.

ƒ Automation relays.

ƒ Associated equipment

ƒ Repair, spare parts, maintenance, remote monitoring

ƒ Feasibility and grid studies.

ƒ Short-circuit calculation, selectivity and protection coordination

ƒ Transient system stability and dynamic behavior

ƒ Harmonic analysis, filtering and lining up systems settlement

ƒ Ground simulation.


ABB’s Portfolio for STP Transformer


ABB’s Portfolio for STP MV Switchgear

MV Switchgear for 11 kV and 6,3 kV:

Breakers:

2xVD4/M-12.12.50ZC+PowerBlock ZS1

4xHD4/P-12.16.25+PBE-2

40xHD4/P-12.06.25+PBE-1

Contactors: 8xV/P-7 (RM)+PBE-1

Fuses: 24x for the contactors


ABB’s Portfolio for STP Motors and Drives

Motors and drives

Transformer: DTE1000A8D (100

kVA, 3 winding, 6000/725V)

Drive: ACS800-07-1160-7 (953 A,

690 V, IP54R)

Motor: AMA400L2L (900 kW, 690

V, 2 poles, IP55, IC411)


ABB’s Portfolio for STP Solar field control : LOC

Individual positioning of each collector

Calculation of the solar vector

Temperature control HTF

Autonomous from DCS

Internal checking of LOC / PLC


ABB

ABB

ABB’s Portfolio for STP LOC by ABB


Main function of LOC

Each LOC calculates the solar cetos,

based on NREL algorithms and

positioning the solar collector according

the operation mode chosen



Solar Control System LOC interfaces


SCS interface – Modbus TCP:

Control and surveillance of Collector

position

HTF parameters

Operational modes

Temperature Collector Monitoring:

Pt100 supervision of HTF

Hydraulic positioning system:

Solenoid valves actuators

Pressure control of the hydraulic

system

Collector Secure & Stow position:

Limit switches



I/O

signal

type

AI(4-20mA) RTD DI DO TOTAL

LOC 3 2 12 8 25

TOTAL 3 2 12 8 25

Vertical LOC cabinet: ABB Gemini 700x460x260 mm

Thermoplastic molding

Robust and resistant to direct exposure to the sun

High resistance to chemical and environmental elements

Includes PLC, I/O, switch and various LV equipment

Complete, independently certified solution Applus

ABB’s Portfolio for STP Distributed control system


SCS

Control Room

AC800M

BOP I

AC800M

BOP II

AC800M

Electrical

system

AC800M

Communication

AC800M

HTF

AC800M

TES

Modbus RTU

MT protection

BT analyzer

etc

Solar Field

LOC

DCS

Solar Field HTF, BOP & POWER ISLAND TES

Concentrated solar power plant (CSP) Solar field network requirements

Standard Ethernet architecture, independent of plant type

Parabolic trough

Power tower

Network segmentation depending on the amount of LOC’s

Avoid broadcast traffic

Remote programming available

Industrial, standardized products

Long lifecycle

Long term spares availability

Standard solutions over standard products

Different calculation precision requirements for parabolic trough (10-2) and power tower (10-3)

© ABB Group


Main function

Positioning of the solar collector to drive and concentrate the solar radiation into a point

Design parameters

Maintenance of the operational modes in an independent way tracking continuously the sun

Maximizing the performance of the solar field

Maintain the system safe and running

Key points

Industrial standard products instead of tailor made solutions

Easy adaptation to changes

International support of standard products

Know-How in power generation

High end PLC

Standard communication protocols and networks

Solar algorithm of high resolution

Foto Andasol 1.

Cortesia de

COBRA-SENER

Contol system of solar field LOC

ABB’s Portfolio for STP Solar Field Network










Solar Thermal Power in ABB

Pablo Astorga, ABB Spain - Power Generation (PSP), 11/03/2009

ABB References in STP

Thermosolar power plants

PSA Solar Power Plant DISS loop


ABB’s Supply

Distributed Control System (DCS) for the

DISS test loop (1.3 MWt)

Customer benefits

Constitutes an excellent experimental

system for investigating the two-phase

flow and direct steam generation for

electricity production. Autonomous from

DCS.

High degree of standardization in

planning and documentation.

Extremely flexible system regarding O&M

and future extensions.

Andasol 1 Solar Power Plant


ABB’s Supply

Distributed Control System (DCS)

MV Switchgear

Motors & Drives

Unit Transformers

Customer benefits

ABB’s flexibility and experience with

complex power systems.





Andasol 2 Solar Power Plant


ABB’s Supply


MV Switchgear

Motors & Drives

Unit Transformers

Customer benefits

ABB’s flexibility and experience with

complex power systems.





Extresol 1 Solar Power Plant


ABB’s Supply


Solar Field Communications System (SCS)

Solar Field System (LOC): 624 units

MV Switchgear

Motors & Drives

Unit Transformers

Customer benefits

ABB’s flexibility and experience with complex power

systems.

High degree of standardization in planning and

documentation.

Extremely flexible system regarding O&M and future

extensions.

Totally integrated and compatible control scope solution.

Short installation and commissioning time.

Extresol 2 Solar Power Plant


ABB’s Supply



Solar Field System (LOC): 624 units

MV Switchgear

Motors & Drives

Unit Transformers

Customer benefits


systems.


documentation.


extensions.

Totally integrated and compatible control scope solution.

Short installation and commissioning time.

Kuraymat Integrated Solar Combined Cycle


ABB’s Supply

Distributed Control System (DCS) : Power Block + Solar

Field

MV Switchgear

Motors & Drives

Customer benefits

ABB assumes responsibility for engineering and

coordination activities towards control & electrical

systems.


extensions.

Hassi R’Mel Integrated Solar Combined Cycle


ABB’s Supply

EBOP concept, including

Transformers

MV Switchgear

LV Switchgear

Complete Electrical System

Cabling

Customer benefits

Totally integrated and compatible full scope solution


documentation


extensions

Martin Integrated Solar Combined Cycle


ABB’s Supply

Solar Field Control System (LOC): 1,136 units

Customer benefits

ABB’s experience in solar collector positioning

Extremely short delivery schedule


Documentation

High degree of flexibility in engineering and LOC design

Manchasol 1 Solar Power Plant


ABB’s Supply



Solar Field Control System (LOC): 624 units

Customer benefits


systems


documentation


extensions

Totally integrated and compatible control scope solution

Short installation and commissioning time

Manchasol 2 Solar Power Plant


ABB’s Supply




Customer benefits


systems


documentation


extensions



VALLESOL 1 Solar Power Plant


ABB’s Supply




Customer benefits


systems


documentation


extensions



VALLESOL 2 Solar Power Plant


ABB’s Supply




Customer benefits


systems


documentation


extensions



Photovoltaic Plants

Solar Power Plant Types

PV roof plant installation (EPC)

Low/ medium power photovoltaic installation in building. Fix structure.

Fix structures, solar panels, inverters, switchgear, low voltage &

protection cabinets, automation and transformer.

Possibility to get additional fee in tariff due to architectonical integration

Typical Power (10kw to 500kw)

PV ground plant installation: Fix structure (EPC)

Medium/ High voltage standard photovoltaic installation in a fix structure

Possibility for very high efficiency improve (60%)

Fix structures, solar panels, inverters, switchgear, low voltage &

protection cabinets, prebuilt transformer center, security, automation,

transformer, cabling and small civil work.

Typical Power (100kw to 50,000 kw)





PV ground plant installation: 1 / 2 axis trackers (EPC)

Medium/ High power photovoltaic installation in a 1 or 2 axis structure


1 or 2 axis structures (multiple or single pole), robots, motors, drives, solar panels

Inverters, switchgear, low voltage & protection cabinets, prebuilt transformation

center,

Security, automation, transformer, cabling, substations and small civil work,


PV concentrated ground plant: 3 sun (EPC)

Medium / high power photovoltaic installation 2 axis structure and 3 sun

concentration.


2 axis structures (multiple or single pole), robots, motors, drives, solar panels,

inverters, switchgear, low voltage & protection cabinets, prebuilt transformation

center, security, automation, transformer, cabling, substations and small civil work.




PV concentrated ground plant : 500 sun (EPC)

Medium/ High power photovoltaic installation 2 axis structure and 500 sun

concentration.


2 axis structures (multiple or single pole), robots, motors, drives, solar panels,

inverters, switchgear, low voltage & protection cabinets, prebuilt transformation

center, security, automation, transformer, cabling, substations and small civil work


HCPV Heliostat concentrated PV power tower (consortium)

High power, heliostat PV tower concentration (1,500 sun) in High efficiency panel.

Heliostat trackers, high efficiency panel in tower structure, motors, drives, solar

panels Inverters, switchgear, low voltage & protection cabinets, transformation

center, security

Automation, transformer, cabling, substations and medium civil work.

Typical Power (50,000kw to 150,000 kw)


Photovoltaic Plants






Tracker Control System (ABB)

Inverters (ABB)

Containerized inverter concrete building (ABB)

Transformer & Switching System (ABB)

Containerized CT concrete building (ABB)

Substations (ABB)

Protections (ABB)



Grid dispatching control (ABB)

Solar energy optimization system (ABB)

Installation, erection and commissioning (ABB)


O&M (from 5 years to 20 years) (ABB)

ABB’s Portfolio for PV Electrical Balance of Plant (eBOP or EPC)


Product and System Concept eBOP or EPC Concept

© ABB 15.10.2012 Enter filename via "View - Header and Footer...". Apply to all. | 55

Advanced solutions for automation in solar plants


Panels Structures - DC Cabling

- Protection

- String Control

- Tracker Control

Inverters CT

PV Plant Scheme

Standard PV Plant Design

High efficiency equipment selection

Standard Design (Standard module type 1Mw Design)

Optimized System Design


Panels

Trackers

Inverters

Switchgear

Transformer

Cable Selection

Engineering Works

Electrical Calculation

Looses Calculation

Automation & Supervision

PR Calculations

Electrical Cabinets

Concrete prebuilt CT all in it

Concrete prebuilt Inverters all in it

Communications

Operation & Maintenance

Panels classifications

Electrical looses

Optimal Power Peak Calculation

Switching System

None assistant plant operation


Lower total cost.

No coordination for partners scope

Reduced installation cost

Reduced commercial risk

Added value to client

Increase availability

Greater flexibility

Reduced operation cost

Support fast track project

Sharing of responsibilities

Guaranteed delivery

Access to a complete product range

Using ABB project experience

Reduced technical risk



Feasibility and grid studies

Short-circuit calculation, selectivity and protection coordination

Load flow calculation, components design

Transient system stability and dynamic behavior

Harmonic analysis, filtering and lining up system settlement

Economical convenience and lifecycle analysis (LCC inverters)

Strong competence for personalized solutions planning thanks to our

local resources support

The experience and innovative solutions ABB can offer are studied and

tested all over the world, this is why we will always be able to meet the

customer’s requirements.



Lowest LCOE potential

Highest energy density

Matches peak load demand

Best in hot climates

Readily scalable to GW

Tracking Mandatory

Requires Direct Sunlight

Mature technology

Indirect sunlight acceptable

Tracking optional

Efficiency approaching limits of

technology

Performance degrades at high

temperatures

Indirect sunlight acceptable

Less temperature degradation than

silicon PV

Suited to rooftops/ construction

Lowest Efficiency

Low cost effective

Technology immature

Low efficiency & stability

No bankability criteria

Photovoltaics

Conventional Si

Concentrator

PV CPV

Thin

Film

Others (Nanosolar,

Multi-spectrum…)

Panels Right technology selection

Photovoltaic plant automation Architecture

The system will manage, among traditional automation

functions/features

Solar tracking system, when available, for production

maximization

Performance calculation of the different stages

ABB patented switching system for optimizing inverter

efficiency

Troubleshooting management of strings

Integration of plant security and surveillance system

Production automatic reporting system

Solar standard solution Technology highlights

High precision shadowing control algorithm for solar

tracking

Extensible and scalable solution for any plant size

Switching system for optimizing inverter efficiency

Performance/efficiency oriented supervision system


High precision shadowing control algorithm for solar tracking

Shadowing prevention according to tracker dimensions and plant layout

Other systems use “backtracking correction”, thus preventing unnecessary movements and efficiency losses


High precision shadowing control algorithm for solar tracking

ABB algorithm calculates the optimal position modeling panels and tracker structure geometry

Standard PLC program IEC based

Program code opened an easy to export

Trigonometric function calculations: SIN, COS, ARCSEN and ARCOS

Position accuracy from >0.2º up to >1.5º (real sun position)

Automatic order for trackers security position in case of wind and hail

PLC software already programmed

Easy and fast commissioning

Photovoltaic plant automation Local algorithm

Photovoltaic plant automation Architecture

LAN 2

Local

Automation

Solar Tracker

Inverters

MV an LV

Switchgears

DCS

Transformers

OPERATOR

WORKPLACE

Remote Office

Internet

Remote Access

LAN 1

eMail


Extensible and scalable solution for any plant sizes

All HW and SW components apply scalable architecture

Easy systematical re-usable pattern

1 MW Inversor Inversor

Celdas Transformador

Estación

Metereológica

AC800M

AC500 AC500 AC500 AC500

Switch

TCP/IP

RS-485

1 MW Inversor Inversor

Celdas Transformador

Estación

Metereológica

AC800M

AC500 AC500 AC500 AC500

Switch

TCP/IP

RS-485

Photovoltaic plant automation Function allocation

At the DCS level is controlled

Solar plant power electronics device controls

Optimization - switching

Neural networks - intelligent forecast and approximation

Alarms and events handling

At local automation is performed

Trackers

Accurate solar tracking algorithm

One and two axis movement control implementation

Power connection box

Power connection box management

Current per line current control to detect strings failures

Photovoltaic plant automation Tracker control cubicle

Breakers

Power supplies (motors and PLC)

Inverter relays

PLC AC 500 (8 D/I, 8 D/O, 4 A/I)

Sun position algorithm

(0,02º accuracy)

F.O. Switch.

(Modbus TCP/IP network)

Enclosure Geminis type

Relays and terminal blocks

Communicatio

ns modules

I/Os +

Bases

Cabecer

a FBP +

Base

CPUs

Bases

CPUs

Photovoltaic plant automation PLC for local automation

RS20-0800 RS20-0800

RS20-0400 Spider 5Tx

9PLC5

Fibra óptica

Multimodo

Cable

Cat5+

Cable

interior

armari

o

9PLC4

9PLC3

9PLC2

9PLC1

9PLC4

8PLC3

8PLC2

8PLC1

7PLC4

7PLC3

7PLC2 7PLC1

6PLC5

6PLC4

6PLC3

6PLC2

6PLC1

5PLC4

5PLC3

4PLC4

4PLC3

5PLC2

5PLC1

4PLC2

4PLC1

3PLC4

3PLC3

3PLC2

3PLC1

2PLC5

2PLC4

2PLC3

1PLC4

2PLC2

2PLC1

1PLC3

1PLC2 1PLC1

Master 2 Master 1

SAI

ON-LINE

ADSL

Supervision and control systems

Photovoltaic plant automation Local automation architecture

Photovoltaic plant automation Operator mimics

Photovoltaic plant automation Operator mimics



Input power distribution for optimizing inverter efficiency

Switching principles

Inverter low performance at low loads

Inverter high performance at medium-high loads

One inverter working at medium load, better than two inverters working at low load

Load balancing among inverters



Low performance High performance

Photovoltaic plant automation Advanced optimization

DCS advanced control functions

Operation of the switch over cabinet

Optimization based theoretical calculations

Neural networks analysis


Maintenance / damages inverters

Protection faults

ABB system optimization Automatic switching system


Improving production by optimizing the light capture during dawn and nightfall

Improving production during high cloudiness

Improving production in emergency situation (hail, high wind)



Energy optimization drawing

Automatic switching system to optimize:

Energy during dawn and nightfall

Cleaning and maintenance of panels / trackers

Damages or maintenance of inverters

Hail and high wind


Photovoltaic plant automation Advanced optimization

Over the Maximum Power Point Tracking algorithm

(MPPT) to increase performance in operational points like

low sun conditions it has been developed a set of

algorithms based on Artificial Neural Networks (ANN)

and designed to adapt themselves to the particular

conditions of every PV plant



The difference is in the PV turbine equivalent I-V curve (affected by panel degradation, dirtiness, etc..)

Neuronal network learns from real values to get progressively a better PI’

1nvIP

2nvIP

3nvIP

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3nvIP

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2nvIP

3nvIP

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3nvIP


ABB system optimization Repower concept 55% to 70% total production increase

Standard series and parallel

arrays of panels

¡ Maximun DC Voltage input !

¡ Maximum DC current input !

A

A

A

Master PLC control system

Additional individual series

Cases of optimization :

Low irradiance months

Cloudiness days

Lost due to panels dirt

Lost due to panels efficiency decrease

Advantages optimization

system

Old installation. Repower with same tariff

New installations: 10 to 15% total

price decrease over normal

installation (no CT , no inverters,

no HV installation…)

A

V


1 / 2 Axis sun Trackers + 25 % to + 35 %

Panel flash report classification - 3,2 % to + 0,8 %

Dawn – Nightfall + 1,1 % to + 1,4 %

Cloudiness + 0,7 % to + 1,1 %

Wind + Hail + 0,05 % to + 0,1 %

Damages + Maintenance + 0,2 % to + 0,3 %

Transformer + electrical + 0,4 % to + 0,6 %

Adding Panels + 30 % to + 70 % additional power)

Dirt Will affect all parameters before.

When solar panels efficiency decrease by year this data become more relevant.

ABB system optimization Production optimization


Performance/efficiency oriented supervision system

Real time plant performance ratio calculation based on:

Irradiation

Panels strings

Inverters

Transformers

New advanced features Oriented to performance

Efficiency calculation

For individual elements (strings, trackers, inverters…)

For stages

For the whole plant

To allocate malfunctions in the shortest time

Alarms for deviation in real time (alarms)

Reports

Performance calculation Stages

Inverters and

swicthing Trasnformers Modules

Tracking

DC cabling

Stages for performance Real time PR Calculations

Panel String: Tracker: DC Cabling: Inverter: Transformation Center:

Inverters Inverters output

Modules

Characteristics

(Fresh Data)

Tracking

- Perfect

- Optimal

distribution

Inverter characteristics

Swicthing scheme

Transformers

characteristics

Inverters Transformer

Trafo

Counter

DC cable design

charactericits

DC field

A

V

A

V

A

V

A

V

Temperature

Sun Irradiation

Current String

Monitoring

Panel location

Algorithm for:

─Panel degradation

─Panel failure

─Dirt

─PR panel

Tracking efficiency

Tracking accuracy

Tracking gain

Control for:

─Sun position

─Tracker position

─Motor movements

─2 Axis tilt sensors

─Shadows calculation

─Backtracking

─Emergency position

─Maintenance

─PR tracker

DC Cables

DC cable losses

Control for:

─Voltage DC input

─Current DC Input

─Protection status

─PR DC cable

Control for:

─Temperature

─Voltage DC/AC

─Current DC/AC

─AC Power …

─Restarting

─MPPT analysis

─Switching system

─Neuranal algorithm

─Inverter efficiency

─PR inverter

CT control for:

─Temperature

─AC Voltage

─AC Current

─AC Power

─Energy counter Kwh

─Connect / Disconnect

─Restarting

─Protection status

─Transformer efficiency

─PR transformer

Real performance Devices for measuring

Measurements devices

Weather station

Pyranometers

Reference cells

Inclinometers

Strings measurements

Inverters measurement

Input DC

Output ac

Transformers

Electrical metering

Theoretical performance Calculation methods

Equipment characteristics

Modules behavior

Tracking models

Perfect

Optimal

Cabling design

Switching, inverter curves

Transformers performance curves

Control system strategy and features

PLCs, SCADA, databases

Energy balance reports

18/12/2009 Modules

Plant Líne String Radiation

Output

Measured

Output

Calculated Eff. Measured

Eff.

Calculated Ratio

P1 P1-L1 P1-L1-S1 8 KWh 1,2 KWh 1,22 KWh 14% 14,5% 96,6%

P1-L1-S2 8 KWh 1,2 KWh 1,22 KWh 14% 14,5% 96,6 %

P1-L1-S3 8 KWh 1,2 KWh 1,22 KWh 14% 14,5% 96,6 %

P1-L1 24 KWh 3,6 KWh 3,66 Kwh 14% 14,5% 96,6 %

P1-L2 P1-L2-S1 8 KWh 1,2 KWh 1,22 KWh 14% 14,5% 96,6 %

P1-L2-S2 8 KWh 0,9 KWh 1,22 KWh 11,25% 14,5% 77,58%

P1-L2-S3 8 KWh 1,2 KWh 1,22 KWh 14% 14,5% 96,6%

P1-L2 24 KWh 3,3 KWh 3,66 Kwh 12,5% 14,5% 90,26%

P1 -- 48 KWh 6,9 KWh 7,32 Kwh 13,78% 14,5% 93,52%

P2 P2-L1 P2-L1-S1 8 KWh 1,2 KWh 1,22 KWh 14% 14,5% 96,6 %

P2-L1-S2 8 KWh 1,2 KWh 1,22 KWh 14% 14,5% 96,6 %

P2-L1-S3 8 KWh 1,1 KWh 1,22 KWh 13% 14,5% 90,11 %

P2-L1 24 KWh 3,5 KWh 3,66 Kwh 13,64% 14,5% 94,35%

P2 -- 24 KWh 3,5 KWh 3,66 Kwh 13,64% 14,5% 94,35%

Summary -- -- 72 KWh 10,4 KWh 10,98 Kwh 13,71% 14,5% 93,80%


Power Generation Service Our portfolio

Operation and Maintenance PV


ABB offers technical services and consulting for the plants’

optimization, providing our professionals’ experience to the

customer for:

Inefficiency elimination and out of service limitation

Development of customized solutions for:

Costs reduction

Productivity and profitability increase

Out-of-date units enhancement

Residual activity incremented

Works in line with regulations

Asking ABB means granting:

Quick intervention

Safe and effectiveness

The best care for any application (protections, control,

supervision, and tele-diagnostics)

Environmentally friendly

Photovoltaic power Reference Sites



Global power generation ABB delivers EPC / BoS Photovoltaic plants

PV Reference: La Robla, Spain 13.3 MWp in operation since 2010


© ABB Group

Customer:

GA Solar

Type of Project:

ERCAM 1 axis

Tracker

Turnkey 13,3

MW PV solar

plant.

Year of

Commissioning:

2010

Commissioning

Customer need

Maximize the performance and reliability of the solar plant

Get the plant in operation in 3months

ABB response

ABB delivers the complete solar plant in consortium with a solar manufacturer

ABB applied an efficiency improvement system to maximize the overall performance of the PV solar plant

ABB scope:

Supply: Substation, DC cabinets, AC cabinets, unit transformers, switchgears, equipment housing,

system optimization, control and SCADA.

Turn key installation, ground & civil works: Inverters, trackers, PV modules, transformers and

switchgears, cabinets, housing, system optimization, control, SCADA, security system, cabling, etc

Partner scope: PV modules.

Customer benefit

Reliable and efficient PV solar plant. Performance Ratio (PR) > 80%

Optimized operation, control and maintenance of PV solar plant (sun tracking, system optimization, control

and protection, etc.)

La Robla produces 22.6 GWh per year – displaces 11,500 tons of greenhouse gas emissions annually

Client kept the deadline and qualified for Spanish feed-in tariff for solar plant

PV Reference: La Sugarella, Italy 24.2 MWp in operation since 2010


© ABB Group

Size: 24.2 MWp,

1 axis tracker

Customer:

Phenix

Renewable

ABB Scope: EPC

Year of

commissioning:

EPC:2010

Customer needs

First class automation and electrical systems

Maximize plant performance and reliability

ABB response

ABB delivers the complete solar plant in consortium with a solar manufacturer

ABB applied an efficiency improvement system to maximize the overall performance of the PV solar plant

ABB scope:

Supply: Substation, DC cabinets, AC cabinets, unit transformers, switchgears, equipment housing,

system optimization, control and SCADA.

Turn key installation, ground & civil works: Inverters, trackers, PV modules, transformers and

switchgears, cabinets, housing, system optimization, control, SCADA, security system, cabling, etc

PV Reference: Spinasanta, Italy 6 MWp, in operation since 2010


© ABB Group

Size: 6 MWp,

fixed installation

Customer:

Actelios Solar

ABB Scope:

EPC

Year of

commissioning:

EPC:2010

Status:

Connected to the

grid

Customer needs

First class automation and electrical systems

Maximize plant performance and reliability

ABB response

ABB delivers a complete EPC.

ABB applies an efficiency improvement system to maximize the overall performance of the PV solar plant

ABB scope:

• Supply: Panels, structure, inverter centers, DC & AC cabinets, transformers, switchgears, cabling,

equipment housing, protection equipment, MV connection line

• Installation: Panels, structure, inverter centers, DC & AC cabinets, transformers, switchgears,

cabling, equipment housing, protection equipment, MV connection line, PV modules electrical

connection

Bulgaria: 5,88 MWp PV plant

System description

PV plant: 5,88 MWp

Application: ground mounted power

plant

Grid connection: 20 kV

Solar modules: poly-csi

Solution

5 pcs of PVS800-MWS-1000-A

ABB string monitoring junction

boxes

ABB monitoring system

Commissioning: May 2012

ABB solar inverter example cases

Customer:

A investor for

photovoltaic

plants looking for

reliable supplier

with local

presence


UK: 4,99 MWp PV plant

System description

PV plant: 4,99 MWp

Application: ground mounted system on

an old World War II RAF airfield


Solar modules: mono-csi, HEE 250 Wp

Solution

PVS800: 10 x 500 kW

ABB integrated inverter and MV

components housing

ABB switchgear

ABB MV main substation

Commissioning: July 2011


Customer:

Experienced

solar developer,

builder and

operator focused

on security, plant

efficiency and

profitability.


Slovakia, Sirkovce: 1 MWp PV plant

System description

PV plant: 1 MWp

Application: ground mounted power plant

Grid connection: MV grid, 22 kV

Solar modules: poly-cSi

Solution

PVS800: 4 x 250 kW

Transformer: ABB, oil

Switchgear: ABB

Commissioning: Aug 2010

ABB solar inverter reference cases

Customer:

Investor wanting

reliable supplier

with full offering

to guarantee

return of

investment


Italy, Borgo Montello: 3 MWp PV plant

System description

PV plant: 3 MWp kWp

Application: ground

mounted power plant

Grid connection: MV grid


Solution

PVS800: 12 x 250 kW

ABB transformer and

switchgear

ABB Inverter and MV

housing

ABB monitoring system



Customer:

Investor looking

for secured

return of

investment and

one-stop

shopping


Germany: 13,1 MWp PV plant

System description

PV plant: 13,1 MWp section of 91 MWp plant




Solution

9 pcs of PVS800-MWS-1250kW-20

Skytron monitoring system

Commissioning: Dec 2011


Customer:

a large plant

developer and

system

integrators

looking for

reliable supplier

with rapid

response and

local presence



System description

PV plant: 2,75 MWp



Solar modules: CdTe thin-film

Solution

PVS800: 10 x 250 kW

Transformer: ABB 2,5 MW

Commissioning: Dec 2009


Customer:

Investor looking

for secured

return of

investment



System description

PV plant: 1,2 MWp

Application: ground mounted power

plant


Solar modules: poly-csi (Eging PV)

Solution

PVS800-MWS-1000kW-20

Skytron monitoring system



Customer:

A system

integrator for

photovoltaic

plants and

planning

company for

large turnkey

plants


India, Delhi: 1 MWp PV plant

System description

PV plant: 1 MWp

Application: warehouse flat roof system



Solution

PVS800: 4 x 250 kW

Commissioning: Oct 2010


Customer:

Owner of

warehouse


Italy, Modena: 750 kWp PV plant

System description

PV plant: 750 kWp

Application: machinery

workshop flat roof



Solution

PVS800: 2 x 250 kW + 100 kW

Commissioning: June 2010


Customer:

Owner of

mechanical

workshop

looking for green

image and safe

return of

investment


Taiwan: 238 kWp PV plant

System description

PV plant: 238 kWp

Application: factory roof

Grid connection: MV grid,

22 kV


Solution

PVS800: 1 x 250 kW

Commissioning: April 2011


Customer:

Investor looking

for reliable SI

with proven

components


Taiwan: 475 kWp PV plant

System description

PV plant: 475,2 kWp

Application: factory roof

Grid connection: MV grid,

22 kV


Solution

PVS800: 2 x 250 kW



Customer:

Investor looking

for reliable SI

with proven

components


Thailand: 1,4 MWp PV plant

System description

PV plant: 1,4 MWp

Application: ground mounted


Solar modules: a-Si single junction

Solution

PVS800: 2 x 500 kW + 250 kW

(negative grounding, 1000 Vdc)

Solar inverter complete care, 10

years

Commissioning: November 2011


Customer:

Investor looking

for reliable SI

with proven

components


Finland, Pitäjänmäki: 181 kWp PV plant

System description

PV plant: 181 kWp

Application: factory flat roof

Grid connection: LV grid, 400 V


Solution

PVS800: 1 x 120 kW

PVS300: 7 pcs



Customer:

Property

management of

ABB factory in

Helsinki


Switzerland: 141 kWp PV plant

System description

PV plant: 141,12 kWp

Application: office flat roof

Grid connection: LV grid, 230/400 V

Solar modules: mono-cSi, 245 Wp

Solution

PVS300: 15 x 8 kW with power

balancing (group of 3

inverters)

Remote monitoring with 2 pcs

SREA-50 and ABB remote

monitoring portal

Commissioning: March 2012


Customer:

Local utility

investing in

green power


Sweden: 80 kWp PV plant

System description

PV plant: 80 kWp




Solution

PVS800: 100 kW

Transformer: ABB 90 kVA

Commissioning: Aug 2009


Customer:

Solar

educational

center


China: 75 kWp PV plant

System description

PV plant: 75 kWp

Application: flat roof installation on

a factory roof

Grid connection: LV grid, 230/400

V

Solar modules: poly-cSi, 235 Wp

Solution

Solar inverters: 3 x PVS300: 8 kW

PVS800: 100 kW

ABB junction boxes



Customer:

Property

management of

ABB Beijing

drives factory

and office


Germany: 94 kWp PV plant

System description

PV plant: 94 kWp

Application: sloping roof system on industrial building


Solar modules: poly-cSi, 235 Wp

Solution

PVS800: 100 kW

ABB junction boxes

ABB Low voltage transformer dry type

300V/400V

AC500 PLC for plant monitoring for

Inverter Monitoring

Commissioning: December 2011


Customer:

Property

management of

ABB Ladenburg

premises


France: 90 kWp PV plant

System description

PV plant: 90 kWp

Application: roof-top system on light

aircraft hangar



Solution

PVS300: 9 x 8 kW + 3 x 4.6 kW,

with power balancing (3 inverters)



Customer:

Owner of the

light aircraft

hangar looking

for reliable solar

inverters


Italy: 96 kWp PV plant

System description

PV plant: 96 kWp

Application: roof-top system on

tilted factory roof



Solution

PVS300: 12 x 8 kW, with power

balancing (3 inverters)

Commissioning: January 2012


Customer:

Office furniture

factory owner

wanting to

improve their

image and

taking

advantage of the

FIT


Italy: 82 kWp PV plant

System description

PV plant: 82 kWp

Application: roof and canopy for car parking



Solution





Customer:

Property

management of

ABB Dalmine

factory site. The

PV plant is part

of the activities

for reducing the

environmental

impact of the

facility.


Greece: 72 kWp PV plant

System description

PV plant: 72 kWp

Application: office flat roof system


Solar modules: poly cSi

Solution



ABB plant design, AC distribution

panel, AC500 PLC for plant and

SREA-50 for inverter monitoring

Commissioning: December 2011


Customer:

Property

management of

ABB offices in

Metamorphossis

Athens


UK: 50 kWp PV plant

System description

PV plant: 50 kWp

Application: clothing factory flat roof system

Grid connection: LV grid, 230/400V

Solar modules: cSi

Solution



ABB LV ac distribution cabinet

with isolator and meter and

RCD's also supplied

Commissioning: October 2011


Customer:

Clothing factory

owner looking to

improve their

image and

reduce the net

energy cost in

longer run


Argentina: 26 kWp PV plant

System description

PV plant: 26 kWp

Application: office flat roof system


Solar modules: mono - cSi

Solution

3 x PVS300 8 kW



Customer:

ABB real estate

office


Estonia, Tallinn: 25,2 kWp PV plant

System description

PV plant: 25,2 kWp

Application: factory flat roof

Grid connection: LV grid,

230 V/400


Solution

3 pcs of PVS300, 8 kW, with

power balancing (3 inverters)

SREA monitoring system

Commissioning: September 2011


Customer:

Property

management of

ABB drives and

inverter factory


India, Bangalore: 10 kW kWp PV plant

System description

PV plant: 10 kWp

Application: ground mounted special rack installation



Solution

3 pcs of PVS300, 3,3 kW,

with power balancing (3

inverters)



Customer:

Property

management of

ABB drives


Taiwan: 9,68 kWp PV plant

System description

PV plant: 9,68 kWp

Application: sloping roof system on office building


Solar modules: cSi

Solution

PVS300: 3 x 3,3 kW, with power




Customer:

Company

investing on

solar for green

image


Belgium: 4,59 kWp PV plant

System description

PV plant: 4,59 kWp

Application: roof-top system on single family house


Solar modules: cSi, 18 x 255 Wp

Solution

PVS300: 1 pcs 4,6 kW



Customer:

Private single

family house

owner


Italy: 4,6 kWp PV plant

System description

PV plant: 4,6 kWp

Application: roof-top system on

single family house


Solar modules: cSi

Solution

PVS300: 1 pcs 4 kW

Commissioning: January 2012


Customer:

Private single

family house

owner


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