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Solar Powered Pumping for Irrigation in
St. Kitts
Charles DauphineeHiltz Tanner
Michael CooksonStephen Cookson
Mechanical Engineering Department Dalhousie University
Design Group: Charles DauphineeHiltz TannerMichael CooksonStephen Cookson
Supervisors: Dr. Peter AllenDepartment of Mechanical EngineeringDr. Jack BurneyDepartment of Biological Engineering
Client: Dr. Vincent Audain Honorary Consul of St. KittsDepartment of Medicine
SolaVive Team
Design Problem
Irrigation• 2 Acres of fertile soil
(sandy loam)• Horticultural Crop
– Requiring: 35mm/week
• Existing tank : 85ft x 1000ft from 117358USG reservoir
• Social cost of present solution
Mission
• Solar powered machinery is ideal for agriculture in developing countries
• Rural communities far from power grids• Solar flux availability• Need for ecologically sustainable technologies• Design Criteria
– simple assembly / maintenance– ruggedness– transportability– efficiency
Impact on St. Kitts
• Expands minimal existing irrigation
• Lengthens growing season• Creates year-round
employment• Lowers price of produce• Crop export possibilities• Solar versus gas and grid
0100,000200,000300,000400,000500,000
Total Yield(lbs)
Net Return($)
Net Return and Yield for 2 Acres
Without
With SolaVive
Comparitive Feasibility Study
$20,000
$30,000
$40,000
$50,000
$60,000
0 5 10 15 20
Year
Cost
Solar
Deisel
Grid
Integrated System
• Subsurface Drip Irrigation• 4500 Gallon Water Storage
Tank• P-D Dankoff Solar Pumps
• Linear Current Booster• 1.44 kW Photovoltaic Array• Existing Open Reservoir
Component Choices
Irrigation• Subsurface Drip Irrigation
– Distribution efficiency
Pump-Motor• P-D Sliding Vane Pumps in
parallel– 15.8 USgpm @ 113 ft
• 12 volt PM DC motor– high efficiency at integral
hp
Component Choices
Photovoltaics• Architecture for Reliability• LCB for Maximum Power• RETScreen Analysis: 1.7kW
Installation & Maintenance
• Installation Manual– Connecting PV Modules– Pump inlet/outlet setup
• Maintenance Manual– General Maintenance– Preventative Maintenance– Troubleshooting– PV array– Pump & Motor– Irrigation System
Numerical Analysis
• Cybernet Simulations– Create nodes on irrigation CAD drawing– Pressures in junctions, pipes, valves
• As a tool for: – Design
• Change diameter of tubing, Height of reservoir
– Testing• Numerical Model
Sponsorship & Assembly
• Project Cost: $32K
• Testing Methods– Scaled Model– Numerical Analysis
• System Assembly– Challenges– Reynolds No– Modularity: Fittings,
Wires, Valves
Testing
• Day 1– Partially Cloudy– Not enough pressure head
• Expected flux, delivery
• Actual flux, delivery
• Efficiencies
Ht 11.0 MJ/m2
Vol H2O 3037 USG
Ht 16.6 MJ /m2
Vol H2O 1359 USG
PV 8%DC-DC 88%P-M 18%
Testing
• Day 2– Sunny and appropriate head
• Expected flux, delivery
• Actual flux, delivery
• Efficiencies
Ht 26.0 MJ/m2
Vol H2O 3986 USG
Ht 24.0 MJ/m2
Vol H2O 1556 USG
PV 8%DC-DC 93%P-M 29%
Interpreting Results
• Efficiencies Predicted Actual Average
PV 11%DC-DC 92%P-M 42%
PV Efficiency vs Voltage
0.00%
2.00%
4.00%
6.00%
8.00%
10.00%
12.00%
14.00%
14.0 15.0 16.0 17.0 18.0 19.0
Voltage (V)
Eff
icie
nc
y (
%)
PV 8%DC-DC 93%P-M 29%
Testing Conclusions
• Importance of proper component sizing
• Supply chain management• Data acquisition system• Modularity is key• Intuitive understanding
Future of SolaVive
• More Testing• Implementation• Engineers in Development• Other Alternative Energy Projects
Thanks To:Dr. CaleyMech DeptAPENSAlumni AssociationCBCL Ltd Thermodynaics LtdDr. HamdullahperDr. Jerome ThomasFidel O’FlahartyDr. Linnell EdwardsGene Knight
Questions?