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Solar System Science
Flares and Solar Energetic Particles
Terrestrial Gamma-Ray Flashes
Cosmic-ray interactions with Earth, Sun, Moon, etc.
Plans:Optimization of GLAST flare responseSolar Physics paper on GLAST capabilities
GLAST Solar Flare Response
GLAST launch late in solar minimum Rise in solar activity 2008-9; peak 2010-2014.(But remember 20 January 2005 flare—later discussion)
Possible Solar Flare Mode
Activate overall solar-flare capability when probability for X-class flare exceeds 5% in a 24 day period
GBM trigger:
Soft- spectrum burst detected <20 degrees from Sun; detectable flux > 1 MeV
GLAST action:
ACD veto disabled
Sun < 70 deg from Z-axis –
Data analyzed from 4 central towers below first 4(?) layers.Return to normal mode in 1000 s or when GBM solar-side BGO rate < R.
Sun >70 deg from Z-axis
Calorimeter trigger: lowered energy threshold (~100 MeV).Return to normal mode in 1000 s or when GBM solar-side BGO rate < R.
Hardest flare ever detected in space.(near solar minimum!!)
Milagro Observation of >10 GeV Particles from Sun on 20 Jan 2005
GOES proton data>10 MeV>50 MeV>100 MeV
Milagro scaler data> 10 GeV protons
~1 min rise-time
~5 min duration
Milagro Observed > 10 GeV from the Solar Energetic Particle events on
• 6 November 1997• 14 July 2000• 15 April 2001• 20 January 2005
2005 January 20 Gamma Ray Spectrum at Peak
Very hard accelerated particle spectrum, s ~ 2.2, from annihilation and neutron capture line comparison.
Lines??
RHESSI
Nuclear continuum dominates for hard spectra, masking the discrete lines. Just statistics or something
fundamental?
RHESSI
SMM
7:01 UT X7.1 N14W61
6.60 6.65 6.70 6.75 6.80 6.85 6.90 6.95 7.00UT (÷àñû è äî ëè ÷àñà) 20/01/2005
1E+0
1E+1
1E+2
1E+3
1E+4
1E+5
X è ãàììà (ÑÎÍÃ), 1/ñåê
Coronas-F Song
0.01 0.1 1 10 10010-6
1x10-4
10-2
100
102
104
0.1 1 10 100
0.1 1 10 10010-6
1x10-4
10-2
100
102
104
0.1 1 10 100
20 January, 2005 SONG
I II
E, MeV
F, cm
-2 s
-1 MeV
-1
III
E, MeV
IV
Pion peak?
Coronas observed pion radiation here.
Is the long 511 keV flux tail due to newly revealed radioactive material?
Terrestrial flashes observed by RHESSI (David Smith)
1 ms duration; associated with lightening (sprites); discovered by BATSE; tens per day
globally.
Summed TGF spectrum extending up to ~20 MeV; GLAST observations of Earth’s
atmosphere?