California Statewide Utility Codes and Standards Program
1
Solar Topics: Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting #2
Energy Solutions
Heschong Mahone Group, Inc.
CTG Energetics
November 2, 2010
*Slides that have been updated since the meeting are marked with an asterisk and an explanation of how the slide was modified
CALIFORNIA STATEWIDE UTILITIES CODES AND STANDARDS PROGRAM
11/2/2010CA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes
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Agenda
10:00–10:30 Introduction
10:30–11:30 Solar Hot Water (Single family & NonRes)
11:30–12:30 Solar Hot Water (Multi-family)
12:30–1:15 Lunch
1:15–2:15 NonRes PV Ready
2:15-2:30 Break
2:30–3:30 Solar Oriented Dev. & Solar Ready Homes
3:30–4:00 Wrap up & next steps
CALIFORNIA STATEWIDE UTILITIES CODES AND STANDARDS PROGRAM
11/2/2010CA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes
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IOU Support for 2011 Title 24
● The California Investor Owned Utilities (IOUs) are actively supporting the California Energy Commission (CEC) in developing the state’s building energy efficiency code (Title 24)
● Their joint intent is to achieve significant energy savings through the development of reasonable, responsible, and cost-effective code change proposals for the 2011 code update and beyond
● As part of the IOU effort, at the request of the CEC, we are hosting stakeholder meetings to get industry input and feedback on our code change proposals
CALIFORNIA STATEWIDE UTILITIES CODES AND STANDARDS PROGRAM
11/2/2010CA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes
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Code Change Activity
● 2011 T-24 Base Code (Part 6 of Title 24)
● 2011 Reach Standard (Part 11 of Title 24)
● Green Building Standard – i.e. CalGreen
● Voluntary standards that local governments can
adopt
● Some mandatory measures
● Future Codes
● 2014 T-24
● Future Reach Codes
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11/2/2010CA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes
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Requirements for a Successful Code Change
● For base code, a measure must:
● Be cost-effective ● based on the standards-induced additional first cost,
maintenance costs, measure life, and energy cost savings
● typically according to the Time Dependent Valuation (TDV) life-cycle costing methodology and weather data to be provided by the California Energy Commission
● Be possible to implement using equipment that is available from multiple providers or that is reasonably expected to be available following the code change
CA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes
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11/2/2010CA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes
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Requirements for a Successful Code Change
● For reach code:
● The CEC may be developing a separate
set of cost-effectiveness metrics
● Measure benefits may include emissions
benefits to state, benefits of water saved
in energy production, etc.
CA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes
CALIFORNIA STATEWIDE UTILITIES CODES AND STANDARDS PROGRAM
11/2/2010CA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes
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Solar Related CASE Topics for 2011 Title 24 Cycle
● Codes and Standards Enhancement (CASE) Topics
● Solar hot water for single family residential and
nonresidential
● Solar hot water for multi-family residential
● Photovoltaic-ready nonresidential buildings
● Solar-oriented residential developments and
Residential Solar Ready
● These CASE topics may have Base Code and/or
Reach Code recommendations
CALIFORNIA STATEWIDE UTILITIES CODES AND STANDARDS PROGRAM
11/2/2010CA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes
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Stakeholder Meetings Process
● Minimum of three meetings:
● First: present scope, request data
● Code change direction and possible options
● Methodology
● Best practices, market data
● Second: present findings
● Results of data collection and analysis
● Cost effectiveness
● “Strawman” proposed code language
● Third/final: present proposed code language
● All meetings can be attended remotely
CALIFORNIA STATEWIDE UTILITIES CODES AND STANDARDS PROGRAM
11/2/2010CA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes
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Submitting Comments
● Informal Comment Process
● Comments can be submitted to CASE authors,
substantive comments will receive responses
● Questions and responses will not be posted
online, but common or frequent questions will
be communicated as necessary between
stakeholders
● The team will work with stakeholders to resolve
issues as best we can
● The CEC has a formal comment process during
later stages of the official rulemaking process
CALIFORNIA STATEWIDE UTILITIES CODES AND STANDARDS PROGRAM
11/2/2010CA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes
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Schedule: Key Dates
● Mar 2010 - Dec 2010● CEC develop foundation /methodology
● IOUs:● Conduct research, and cost effectiveness analysis
● Present results at stakeholder meetings
● Dec 2010● IOUs finalize code change proposals for submittal to CEC
● Feb 2011● CEC opens Rulemaking for Title 24, develop 45-day
language
● June 15, 2011● Title 24 Adoption date
● Jan. 1, 2013● Title 24 Implementation date
CA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes
CALIFORNIA STATEWIDE UTILITIES CODES AND STANDARDS PROGRAM
11/2/2010CA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes
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Meeting Protocols
● Please DO NOT place your phone on HOLD● Please mute your microphone, unless you want to
speak● Ask questions/comment by “chat” or by voice
● We want to hear your concerns● Opposing viewpoints are encouraged● We are seeking information, not resolution
● Time is limited● Raise your hand and be acknowledged by presenter● Clearly state your name and affiliation prior to speaking● Speak loudly for the people on the phone
● Minutes and presentation material will be available online – we will distribute link
CA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes
California Statewide Utility Codes and Standards Program
12
Solar Water Heating (single family residential & specialty commercial)
Solar Stakeholder Meeting #2
Molly Trombley-McCann
Energy Solutions
November 2, 2010
CALIFORNIA STATEWIDE UTILITIES CODES AND STANDARDS PROGRAM
11/2/2010CA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes
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Single Family & Specialty Commercial Solar Water Heating
Outline
● Current code requirements
● Summary of potential code changes
● Data collection and modeling
● Analysis
● Strawman Code Language
● Questions & Comments
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11/2/2010CA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes
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Low-Rise Residential Solar Water Heating
Current Code Requirements
● Solar water heating systems and collectors must be certified by the Solar Rating and Certification Corporation (SRCC)
● Component Package C – electric-resistance water heating may be installed as the main water heating source only if:
● the water heater is located within the building envelope
● a minimum of 25% of the energy for water heating is provided by a passive or active solar system
CALIFORNIA STATEWIDE UTILITIES CODES AND STANDARDS PROGRAM
11/2/2010CA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes
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Nonresidential Solar Water Heating
Current Code Requirements
● None
CALIFORNIA STATEWIDE UTILITIES CODES AND STANDARDS PROGRAM
11/2/2010CA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes
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Single Family Solar Water Heating
Code Change Proposals
● Prescriptive:
● Increase solar fraction requirement for electric
water heating above 25% (by climate zone)
● Revise language and visual representation of
solar fraction requirement, compliance manual
and compliance certificate
● Performance:
● Introduce hourly solar model into the Alternative
Calculation Method (ACM) Manual
CALIFORNIA STATEWIDE UTILITIES CODES AND STANDARDS PROGRAM
11/2/2010CA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes
1717
Specialty Commercial Solar Water Heating
Code Change Proposals
● Prescriptive:
● Add required solar fraction for electric
water heating (by climate zone)
● Add required solar fraction for natural
gas with minimum sized water heater
● Performance:
● Introduce hourly solar model into the
Alternative Calculation Method (ACM)
Manual
CALIFORNIA STATEWIDE UTILITIES CODES AND STANDARDS PROGRAM
11/2/2010CA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes
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Single Family & Specialty Commercial Solar Water Heating
Data Collection & Modeling
● Costs:
● CCSE Solar Water Heating Pilot Program:
Interim Evaluation Report
● CSI Thermal (AB 1470 Statewide Rebate)
● RSMeans
● Interviews with industry
● Hourly Solar System Model:
● TESS
CALIFORNIA STATEWIDE UTILITIES CODES AND STANDARDS PROGRAM
11/2/2010CA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes
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Single Family Solar Water Heating
Data Collection & Modeling
● System Types
Collector
Type
Active/Passive
(Forced/Thermosyphon)
Direct/Indirect
(Open/Closed) Fluid
Freeze
Protection
System 1 Batch/ICS Passive Direct Water None
System 2 Flat Plate Passive/Thermosyphon Direct Water none
System 3 Vac Tube Passive/Thermosyphon Direct Water none
System 4 Flat Plate Passive/Thermosyphon Indirect Glycol Glycol
System 5 Vac Tube Passive/Thermosyphon Indirect Glycol Glycol
System 6 Flat Plate Active/Forced Direct Water Drainback
System 7 Flat Plate Active/Forced Indirect Water Drainback
System 8 Flat Plate Active/Forced Indirect Glycol Glycol
System 9 Vac Tube Active/Forced Indirect Glycol Glycol
*SLIDE CHANGES SINCE PRESENTATION: Adjustment of system numbering and description.
CALIFORNIA STATEWIDE UTILITIES CODES AND STANDARDS PROGRAM
11/2/2010CA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes
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Single Family Solar Water Heating
Data Collection & Modeling
● Water Demand Schedule
● Hourly Fraction(2008 Residential ACM Manual E-6)
● GPD for Average Home(2008 Residential ACM Manual E-5)
2,700 sq.ft. home = 62.50 GPD
Hour Weekday Weekend
1 0.014 0.018
2 0.008 0.01
3 0.009 0.009
4 0.011 0.008
5 0.02 0.015
6 0.044 0.023
7 0.089 0.026
8 0.107 0.047
9 0.089 0.077
10 0.066 0.083
11 0.052 0.074
12 0.038 0.061
13 0.036 0.051
14 0.033 0.043
15 0.032 0.039
16 0.026 0.039
17 0.042 0.052
18 0.048 0.058
19 0.052 0.056
20 0.047 0.052
21 0.042 0.047
22 0.039 0.044
23 0.036 0.04
24 0.022 0.028
CALIFORNIA STATEWIDE UTILITIES CODES AND STANDARDS PROGRAM
11/2/2010CA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes
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Single Family Solar Water Heating
Analysis
● System Costs Baseline (Electric)
Tank Size
Labor
Costs*
Materials
Costs (w/
warranty)*
Total
Installation
Costs*
Annual
Maintenance
Costs
80 gal 204$ 1,021$ 1,473$ negligible
*Source: RSMeans CostWorks Online Construction Data, Open Shop Labor. 2010
CALIFORNIA STATEWIDE UTILITIES CODES AND STANDARDS PROGRAM
11/2/2010CA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes
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Single Family Solar Water Heating
Analysis
● System Costs (Solar w/ electric backup)
System TypeCollector Size (sq. ft)
Total Installation Costs
Maintenance (Every 3 years) Maintenance (Every 15 years)*
System 6 38.9 $6,800 $120 $520
System 6 77.7 $7,200 $120 $520
System 7 38.9 $8,300 $120 $520
System 7 77.7 $9,000 $120 $520
System 8 24.9 $8,000 $120 $520
System 8 74.6 $9,000 $120 $520
System 9 44.8 $8,300 $120 $520
System 9 89.5 $9,000 $120 $520
* Source: SWHPP, CSI Thermal & Industry Interviews
*SLIDE CHANGES SINCE PRESENTATION: Adjustment of system numbering and addition of collector sizes.
CALIFORNIA STATEWIDE UTILITIES CODES AND STANDARDS PROGRAM
11/2/2010CA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes
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Single Family Solar Water Heating
Analysis
● Methodology – Installation CostsSystem Type System Size (sq. ft) Sources
System 6 38.9SWHPP - 08/10 + RSMeans PopWeighting + Retrofit/New Ratio
System 6 77.7
SWHPP - 08/10 + RSMeans PopWeighting + Retrofit/New Ratio + ($400, equivalent difference between CSI Thermal Indirect Glycol)
System 7 38.9CSI Thermal - 10/27 + RSMeans PopWeighting + Retrofit/New Ratio
System 7 77.7CSI Thermal - 10/27 + RSMeans PopWeighting + Retrofit/New Ratio + Linear Regression
System 8 24.9CSI Thermal - 10/27 + RSMeans Pop Weighting + Retrofit/New Ratio
System 8 74.6CSI Thermal - 10/27 + RSMeans Pop Weighting + Retrofit/New Ratio + Linear Regression
System 9 44.8CSI Thermal - 10/27 + RSMeans Pop Weighting + Retrofit/New Ratio
System 9 89.5CSI Thermal - 10/27 + RSMeans Pop Weighting + Retrofit/New Ratio + Linear Regression
*SLIDE CHANGES SINCE PRESENTATION: Adjustment of system numbering and addition of collector sizes.
CALIFORNIA STATEWIDE UTILITIES CODES AND STANDARDS PROGRAM
11/2/2010CA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes
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Single Family Solar Water Heating
Analysis
● Cost Effectiveness (By Climate Zone)
● For each system type, examined two different
sizes across all 16 climate zones
● System Costs (incl. Baseline)
● Labor
● Materials
● Maintenance
● Hourly Energy Savings - TESS
● Hourly Energy Cost - TDV
CALIFORNIA STATEWIDE UTILITIES CODES AND STANDARDS PROGRAM
11/2/2010CA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes
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Single Family Solar Water Heating
Analysis ResultsSystem 6 - Active Direct Water w/ Drainback
Small. 38.9 sq. ft. (30%-40% Solar Fraction)
Climate ZoneAnnual Energy Savings (kWh)
Life Cycle Cost Savings
1 538 (3,631)
2 1,273 (1,129)
3 1,240 (1,323)
4 1,407 (719)
5 1,507 (395)
6 1,518 (616)
7 1,633 40
8 1,684 (92)
9 1,717 (90)
10 1,680 60
11 1,372 (654)
12 1,307 (916)
13 1,387 (638)
14 1,726 313
15 2,021 1,313
16 1,507 (384)
Large. 77.7 sq. ft. (60%-80% Solar Fraction)
Climate ZoneAnnual Energy Savings (kWh)
Life Cycle Cost Savings
1 1,373 (1,176)
2 1,804 316
3 1,866 443
4 1,916 652
5 2,152 1,457
6 2,167 1,199
7 2,258 1,791
8 2,266 1,359
9 2,257 1,232
10 2,190 1,376
11 1,848 608
12 1,756 249
13 1,812 450
14 2,196 1,494
15 2,363 2,084
16 1,551 (557)
*SLIDE CHANGES SINCE PRESENTATION: Adjustment of system freeze type
CALIFORNIA STATEWIDE UTILITIES CODES AND STANDARDS PROGRAM
11/2/2010CA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes
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Single Family Solar Water Heating
Analysis ResultsSystem 7 - Active Indirect Water w/ Drainback
Large. 77.7 sq. ft. (60%-80% Solar Fraction)
Climate ZoneAnnual Energy Savings (kWh)
Life Cycle Cost Savings
1 2,128 92
2 2,257 467
3 2,247 363
4 2,262 407
5 2,288 545
6 2,292 170
7 2,312 572
8 2,416 366
9 2,421 256
10 2,321 333
11 2,272 604
12 2,264 564
13 2,283 603
14 2,329 456
15 2,384 651
16 2,223 173
Small. 38.9 sq. ft. (30%-40% Solar Fraction)
Climate ZoneAnnual Energy Savings (kWh)
Life Cycle Cost Savings
1 2,054 83
2 2,163 416
3 2,136 236
4 2,182 398
5 2,152 292
6 2,144 (102)
7 2,167 308
8 2,270 217
9 2,290 177
10 2,218 276
11 2,211 711
12 2,193 619
13 2,230 758
14 2,232 437
15 2,294 664
16 2,141 190
*SLIDE CHANGES SINCE PRESENTATION: Correction of Annual Energy Savings in 1st Table
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Single Family Solar Water Heating
Analysis ResultsSystem 8 – Flat Plate Active Indirect Glycol
Large. 74.6 sq. ft. (60%-80% Solar Fraction)
Climate ZoneAnnual Energy Savings (kWh)
Life Cycle Cost Savings
1 2,128 136
2 2,195 (214)
3 2,177 (411)
4 2,207 (228)
5 2,234 (193)
6 2,232 (578)
7 2,252 (157)
8 2,458 (305)
9 2,465 (346)
10 2,269 (254)
11 2,215 36
12 2,194 (75)
13 2,220 41
14 2,277 (92)
15 2,328 111
16 2,157 (475)
Small. 24.9 sq. ft. (30%-40% Solar Fraction)
Climate ZoneAnnual Energy Savings (kWh)
Life Cycle Cost Savings
1 2,018 221
2 2,079 417
3 2,055 232
4 2,092 397
5 2,062 272
6 2,065 (111)
7 2,079 286
8 2,186 232
9 2,206 189
10 2,129 280
11 2,128 724
12 2,104 617
13 2,152 789
14 2,145 453
15 2,225 742
16 2,056 197
CALIFORNIA STATEWIDE UTILITIES CODES AND STANDARDS PROGRAM
11/2/2010CA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes
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Single Family Solar Water Heating
Analysis ResultsSystem 9 – Vac Tube Active Indirect Glycol
Large. 89.5 sq. ft. (60%-80% Solar Fraction)
Climate ZoneAnnual Energy Savings (kWh)
Life Cycle Cost Savings
1 2,205 (96)
2 2,304 (289)
3 2,299 120
4 2,322 227
5 2,359 341
6 2,351 (85)
7 2,374 351
8 2,494 125
9 2,497 45
10 2,367 119
11 2,320 430
12 2,297 315
13 2,318 400
14 2,387 299
15 2,414 418
16 2,286 10
Small. 44.8 sq. ft. (30%-40% Solar Fraction)
Climate ZoneAnnual Energy Savings (kWh)
Life Cycle Cost Savings
1 2,102 259
2 2,233 650
3 2,214 467
4 2,247 617
5 2,244 626
6 2,238 224
7 2,264 643
8 2,360 501
9 2,375 425
10 2,288 502
11 2,255 857
12 2,248 798
13 2,268 877
14 2,296 650
15 2,360 905
16 2,205 392
CALIFORNIA STATEWIDE UTILITIES CODES AND STANDARDS PROGRAM
11/2/2010
Climate
Zone
Max Annual Cost-Effective
Energy Savings (kWh)
Solar
Fraction
LCC
Savings
System Type
1 2,128 0.65 $136 System 8-Flat plate, active, indirect, glycol
2 2,257 0.74 $467 System 7-Active, indirect, water, drainback
3 2,299 0.85 $363 System 9-Vac tube, active, indirect, glycol
4 2,322 0.87 $227 System 9-Vac tube, active, indirect, glycol
5 2,359 0.93 $341 System 9-Vac tube, active, indirect, glycol
6 2,292 0.83 $170 System 7-Active, indirect, water, drainback
7 2,374 0.96 $351 System 9-Vac tube, active, indirect, glycol
8 2,494 0.93 $125 System 9-Vac tube, active, indirect, glycol
9 2,497 0.93 $45 System 9-Vac tube, active, indirect, glycol
10 2,367 0.93 $119 System 9-Vac tube, active, indirect, glycol
11 2,320 0.84 $430 System 9-Vac tube, active, indirect, glycol
12 2,297 0.82 $315 System 9-Vac tube, active, indirect, glycol
13 2,318 0.83 $400 System 9-Vac tube, active, indirect, glycol
14 2,387 0.96 $299 System 9-Vac tube, active, indirect, glycol
15 2,414 0.98 $418 System 9-Vac tube, active, indirect, glycol
16 2,223 0.72 $173 System 7-Active, indirect, water, drainback
Single Family Solar Water HeatingAnalysis Results
Cost Effectiveness demonstrated in all Climate Zones.
*NEW SLIDE SINCE PRESENTATION:
CALIFORNIA STATEWIDE UTILITIES CODES AND STANDARDS PROGRAM
11/2/2010CA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes
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Specialty Commercial Solar Water Heating
Data Collection & Modeling
● Systems (Electric)
● Same modeling as Residential
● Systems (Gas)
● 4 total systems: System 1 and System 3,
w/ immersed and external heat exchangersCollector
Type
Active/Passive
(Forced/Thermosyphon)
Direct/Indirect
(Open/Closed) Fluid
Freeze
Protection
System 1 Flat Plate Active/Forced Indirect Glycol Glycol
System 2 Vac Tube Active/Forced Indirect Glycol Glycol
System 3 Flat Plate Active/Forced Indirect Water Drainback
System 4 Vac Tube Active/Forced Indirect Water Drainback
System 5 Flat Plate Active/Forced Direct Water drip valve
System 6 Vac Tube Active/Forced Direct Water drip valve
System 7 Batch/ICS Passive Direct Water None
System 8 Flat Plate Passive/Thermosyphon Indirect Glycol Glycol
System 9 Vac Tube Passive/Thermosyphon Indirect Glycol Glycol
System 10 Flat Plate Passive/Thermosyphon Direct Water none
System 11 Vac Tube Passive/Thermosyphon Direct Water none
CALIFORNIA STATEWIDE UTILITIES CODES AND STANDARDS PROGRAM
11/2/2010CA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes
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Specialty Commercial Solar Water Heating
Data Collection & Modeling
● Water Demand Schedule
● Hourly fraction (ASHRAE Guidelines)
● GPD for Full Meal Restaurant
(Food Service Technology Center)
= 2,000 – 4,000 GPD
Food
Services
(Type A)
Hour gph/unit
1 -
2 -
3 -
4 -
5 -
6 -
7 -
8 -
9 0.02
10 0.03
11 0.04
12 0.04
13 0.05
14 0.17
15 0.08
16 0.03
17 0.02
18 0.07
19 0.20
20 0.10
21 0.09
22 0.04
23 0.01
24 -
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11/2/2010CA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes
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Specialty Commercial Solar Water Heating
Analysis
● System Costs (Active Indirect w/ Glycol)
● Baseline
● RSMeans: $9,000 total
– Labor
– Materials
● Measure Case
● SHWPP: $150,000-$160,000 for much larger systems
– Estimate $60,000 for measure case
CALIFORNIA STATEWIDE UTILITIES CODES AND STANDARDS PROGRAM
11/2/2010CA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes
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Specialty Commercial Solar Water Heating
Analysis ResultsGlycol, Immersed Heat Exchanger, Drainback
Energy and Cost Savings
Climate Zone Annual Energy Savings (therms) Life Cycle Cost Savings
1 3,384 (35,391)
2 4,297 (20,084)
3 4,312 (19,992)
4 4,506 (18,214)
5 4,771 (14,493)
6 4,776 (13,394)
7 4,891 (11,851)
8 4,782 (12,729)
9 4,803 (11,876)
10 4,828 (11,404)
11 4,379 (19,576)
12 4,233 (22,543)
13 4,277 (21,197)
14 5,025 (8,559)
15 5,201 (5,182)
16 4,133 (557)
CALIFORNIA STATEWIDE UTILITIES CODES AND STANDARDS PROGRAM
11/2/2010CA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes
34
Specialty Commercial Solar Water Heating
Analysis ResultsGlycol, Immersed Heat Exchanger, No Drainback
Energy and Cost Savings
Climate Zone Annual Energy Savings (therms) Life Cycle Cost Savings
1 3,171 (40,106)
2 4,170 (16,096)
3 4,179 (15,853)
4 4,379 (21,679)
5 4,631 (18,148)
6 4,634 (17,126)
7 4,770 (15,383)
8 4,668 (16,001)
9 4,693 (14,875)
10 4,725 (14,228)
11 4,277 (22,323)
12 4,136 (25,415)
13 4,188 (23,739)
14 4,911 (11,411)
15 5,148 (7,009)
16 3,989 (26,800)
CALIFORNIA STATEWIDE UTILITIES CODES AND STANDARDS PROGRAM
11/2/2010CA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes
35
Specialty Commercial Solar Water Heating
Analysis ResultsGlycol, External Heat Exchanger, Drainback
Energy and Cost Savings
Climate Zone Annual Energy Savings (therms) Life Cycle Cost Savings
1 3,350 (16,013)
2 4,265 (2,215)
3 4,287 (2,885)
4 4,475 1,074
5 4,742 4,296
6 4,745 4,949
7 4,854 7,222
8 4,747 6,014
9 4,767 7,111
10 4,779 7,474
11 4,340 582
12 4,209 (2,434)
13 4,240 (857)
14 4,974 10,536
15 5,163 14,419
16 4,099 (4,195)
CALIFORNIA STATEWIDE UTILITIES CODES AND STANDARDS PROGRAM
11/2/2010CA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes
36
Specialty Commercial Solar Water Heating
Analysis ResultsGlycol, External Heat Exchanger, No Drainback
Energy and Cost Savings
Climate Zone Annual Energy Savings (kWh) Life Cycle Cost Savings
1 3,326 (17,561)
2 4,246 (3,332)
3 4,270 (4,101)
4 4,450 60
5 4,717 3,110
6 4,717 3,670
7 4,826 5,858
8 4,723 4,827
9 4,744 6,069
10 4,758 6,593
11 4,310 (505)
12 4,195 (3,407)
13 4,212 (1,801)
14 4,950 9,529
15 5,143 13,594
16 4,080 (5,358)
CALIFORNIA STATEWIDE UTILITIES CODES AND STANDARDS PROGRAM
11/2/2010CA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes
3737
Single Family Solar Water Heating
Strawman Code Language
● Section 151
● Revise & Add: language to read as follows:
● “Domestic Water-heating systems. Water heating
systems shall meet the requirements of either A, B, C
or D and meet the requirements of E and F or shall
meet the requirements of Section 151(b)1.
● D. For systems serving individual dwelling units using
Package C, an electric-resistance water heater may be
installed as the main water heating source, only if the
water heater is located within the building envelope
and a minimum of X percent of the energy for water
heating is provided by a passive or active solar system.
CALIFORNIA STATEWIDE UTILITIES CODES AND STANDARDS PROGRAM
11/2/2010CA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes
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Single Family Solar Water Heating
Strawman Code Language
● Standards Table 151-B COMPONENT Package C● Remove: Footnote 7.
● Manual 1-18-1 Package C ● Remove: “or a wood stove boiler where allowed.”
● Manual 5-1.5. pg. 5-5● Revise: “So solar water heating is also required if electric
water heater is installed (using prescriptive package C)”.
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Single Family Solar Water Heating
Strawman Code Language
● CF-1R – Certificate of Compliance - Residential New Construction (page 4 of 5) Water Heating:
● Add: electric-resistant water heating with solar fraction requirement and reference to Solar Water Heating and CF-SR (Solar Water Heating Calculation).
● CF-6R-MECH-01 – Domestic Hot Water (DHW) (page 1 of 2): ● Add: electric-resistant water heating with solar fraction requirement
● CF-6R-MECH-02 - Solar Domestic Hot Water Systems (SDHW) (page 1 of 1):
● Revise: column and calculation method for "Net Solar Fraction“
● ACM: ● Add: hourly solar model into the Alternative Calculation Method (ACM)
Manual
CALIFORNIA STATEWIDE UTILITIES CODES AND STANDARDS PROGRAM
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Specialty Commercial Solar Water Heating
Strawman Code Language
● TBD
CALIFORNIA STATEWIDE UTILITIES CODES AND STANDARDS PROGRAM
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4141
Single Family & Specialty Commercial Solar Water Heating
QUESTIONS & COMMENTS
Molly [email protected]
?
California Statewide Utility Codes and Standards Program
42
Multi-family Solar Water HeatingSolar Stakeholder Meeting #2
Julianna Wei
Heschong Mahone Group, Inc.
November 2, 2010
CALIFORNIA STATEWIDE UTILITIES CODES AND STANDARDS PROGRAM
11/2/2010CA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes
434343
Multi-family Solar Water Heating
Outline
● Potential Code Change Proposals
● Measure Cost Data
● Energy Savings Potential
● Life Cycle Cost Analysis
● Strawman Code Language
● Data Collection and Analysis
● Questions & Comments
CALIFORNIA STATEWIDE UTILITIES CODES AND STANDARDS PROGRAM
11/2/2010CA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes
4444
Multi-family Solar Water Heating
Reminder: Current Code Requirements
● Mandatory requirements Section 113(c)6: new state buildings to provides at least 60% of the water heating energy from site solar energy or recovered energy
● Systems and/or collectors shall be certified by the Solar Rating and Certification Corporation (SRCC)
● Except for when deemed economically or physically infeasible
● Component Package C: the main water heating may be electric-resistance only if the water heater is located within the building envelope and a minimum of 25% of water heating energy is provided by a solar system
CALIFORNIA STATEWIDE UTILITIES CODES AND STANDARDS PROGRAM
11/2/2010CA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes
4545
Multi-family Solar Water Heating
Potential Code Change Scope
● Building types covered: low-rise and high-rise multifamily
● Mandatory: require MF buildings be SWH-ready● Adequate roof area for collectors
● Adequate roof structural requirement
● Pre-piping
● Adequate space in boiler room for solar equipment
● Prescriptive: require SWH installation ● Compliance rule sets
● Alteration: require SWH systems in existing MF buildings when triggered by events
● Water heating equipment replacement
● Major roof repair
CALIFORNIA STATEWIDE UTILITIES CODES AND STANDARDS PROGRAM
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46
Multi-family Solar Water Heating
Prescriptive: Require Solar Water Heating System Installation
● Current Market Analysis
● System Types
● System Costs
● Energy Savings Potential
● Simulation
● LCC Analysis
● Proposed Code Language
46
CALIFORNIA STATEWIDE UTILITIES CODES AND STANDARDS PROGRAM
11/2/2010CA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes
4747
Multi-family Solar Water Heating
Current Market: System Types
● Three Sources of Data
● Domestic shipment of solar collectors
● Market survey results
● Pilot program participants
CALIFORNIA STATEWIDE UTILITIES CODES AND STANDARDS PROGRAM
11/2/2010CA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes
4848
Multi-family Solar Water Heating
Current Market: System Types
● Most common MF systems:Collector
Type
Active/Passive
(Forced/Thermosyphon)
Direct/Indirect
(Open/Closed) Fluid
Freeze
Protection
System 1 Flat Plate Active Indirect Water Drainback
System 2 Vac Tube Active Indirect Water Drainback
System 3 Flat Plate Active Indirect Glycol Glycol
System 4 Vac Tube Active Indirect Glycol Glycol
System 5 Batch/ICS Passive Direct Water None
System 6 Flat Plate Passive Direct Water drip valve
System 7 Vac Tube Passive Direct Water drip valve
System 8 Flat Plate Passive Indirect Glycol Glycol
System 9 Vac Tube Passive Indirect Glycol Glycol
System 10 Flat Plate Active Direct Water Circulation
System 11 Vac Tube Active Direct Water Circulation
CALIFORNIA STATEWIDE UTILITIES CODES AND STANDARDS PROGRAM
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4949
ICS/Thermo
siphon
Flat-Plate
(Pumped)
Evacuated
TubeConcentrator
Market Sector
Residential 26 303 1,449 239 -
Commercial 2 10 264 88 13
Industrial - - 30 3 -
Electric Power - - - - 6
Transportation - - - - -
U.S. Total 28 312 1,743 330 19
End Use
Pool Heating - - 91 2 -
Hot Water 3 312 1,426 229 -
Space Heating 24 - 131 21 -
Space Cooling - - 10 8 -
Combined Space & Water Heating - - 70 71 -
Process Heating - - 15 - 7
Electricity Generation - - - - 12
U.S. Total 28 312 1,743 330 19
Air
LiquidType
Medium-Temperature
Multi-family Solar Water Heating
Current Market: System TypesEIA: Domestic Shipments of Solar Thermal Collectors in 2008
(thousands of ft2) http://www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/solar.renewables/page/solarreport/solar.html
CALIFORNIA STATEWIDE UTILITIES CODES AND STANDARDS PROGRAM
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5050
Multi-family Solar Water Heating
Current Market: System Types
● Active Direct w/ circulation is currently not
allowed in CSI Thermal incentive application
Data SourceSurvey Participants/Sample Population
System Type
Active Indirect w/ Drainback
Active Indirect w/ Glycol
Active Direct w/circulation
Study SurveySolar designers and distributors in CA √ √ --
CCSE Pilot Program
MF projects in Sempra service territory (20 total) 11 3 6
CALIFORNIA STATEWIDE UTILITIES CODES AND STANDARDS PROGRAM
11/2/2010CA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes
5151
Multi-family Solar Water Heating
Installed SWH System Cost Data Collection
● Pilot program project cost data
● RS MeansFor installed solar water heating systems with
● Collector area of 40 -60 ft2
● Combination of various collector options and solar tank capacity
● Active Indirect w/ Drainback: $10 -12k
● Active Indirect w/ Glycol: $11 -12k
● Active Direct w/ Circulation : $8 -12k
● Interviews
CALIFORNIA STATEWIDE UTILITIES CODES AND STANDARDS PROGRAM
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5252
Multi-family Solar Water Heating
Installed SWH System Cost Data Collection
CALIFORNIA STATEWIDE UTILITIES CODES AND STANDARDS PROGRAM
11/2/2010CA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes
5353
Multi-family Solar Water Heating
Energy Savings Potential
● Assess the energy savings potential of solar water heating on MF buildings
● By reducing boiler/water heater energy usage
● Simulation study
● By Thermal Energy Systems Specialists (TESS)
● Using software TRNSYS
● Building from the work of the CSI Thermal MF/Commercial calculator
CALIFORNIA STATEWIDE UTILITIES CODES AND STANDARDS PROGRAM
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5454
Multi-family Solar Water Heating
Energy Savings Potential
● Simulation Parameters
● Configurations: Flat plate collectors with drainback, active glycol (immersed and external HX) and forced recirculation freeze protection
● Various system component sizing and design parameters combinationsParameter Value Range
System Configuration # 4 configurations
Water Draw gpd per ACM rule
Collector Size ft2/gpd 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2
Orientation Degrees S, SE, E, NE, N, NW, W, SW
Tilt Angle Degrees 0, 18.4, 26.6, 45
Solar Tank Size gal/ft2 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2
Auxiliary Tank Size gal/ft2 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2
Solar Control - Differential, PV
CALIFORNIA STATEWIDE UTILITIES CODES AND STANDARDS PROGRAM
11/2/2010CA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes
5555
Multi-family Solar Water Heating
Energy Savings Potential: Prototypes
● Multi-family building prototypes● Three prototypes to capture high-rise, low-rise and campus
style building configurations
● Each has a recirculation loop length corresponding to building configuration and number of units
Prototypes CBC CT LR
Description high-rise condolow-rise style
campus style
Conditioned floor area ft2 1,038 593 1,335
Number of units # 88 54 92
Ave building hot water consumption
gal/day 3,170 1,609 3,696
Recirc loop length ft 1,100 538 2,342
CALIFORNIA STATEWIDE UTILITIES CODES AND STANDARDS PROGRAM
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56
Multi-family Solar Water Heating
Life Cycle Cost Effectiveness Method
● Components of LCC method
● Measure life
● Measure first cost
● Post adoption measure costs
● Maintenance Cost
● PV of energy cost savings
CALIFORNIA STATEWIDE UTILITIES CODES AND STANDARDS PROGRAM
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57
Multifamily Solar Water Heating
Current Compliance Rule Set
● Building owners calculate the annual solar savings
fraction using CEC’s version of F-Chart
● Solar Savings Multiplier (SM) =1 – SSF
● Residential RCM Equation RE-1
HARL = HSEU x DLM x SM + HRDL + ∑HJL
where
HARL = Hourly adjusted recovery load (Btu)
HSEU = Hourly standard end use (Btu)
DLM = Distribution loss multiplier
HRDL = Hourly recirc & distribution loss (Btu)
HJL = Tank surface losses (Btu)
57
CALIFORNIA STATEWIDE UTILITIES CODES AND STANDARDS PROGRAM
11/2/2010CA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes
58
Multi-family Solar Water Heating
Proposed Changes to SSF Calculation
● Original:
for both SF and MF buildings,SSF = solar output / std end use load
● Proposed:
for MF buildings only,SSF = solar output / (std end use load + recirc&dist
losses)
58
CALIFORNIA STATEWIDE UTILITIES CODES AND STANDARDS PROGRAM
11/2/2010CA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes
5959
Multifamily Solar Water Heating
Draft Proposed Code Language:Prescriptive Requirements for New Construction
● Add a new item i. under the performance and prescriptive
compliance approaches section for residential buildings
SECTION 151 (f) 8 Domestic water-heating systems.
C. For systems serving multiple dwelling units, a central water
heating system that has a gas or propane water heating,
boilers or other water heating equipment that meet the
minimum efficiency requirements… and a water heating
recirculation loop that meets the requirements…
i. At least the minimum percentage of the water
heating energy as specified in Table 151-x must be
provided by a solar water heating system that meets the
requirements in Section 150(j)4.
Climate Zone 1 2 3 …
Solar Savings Fraction
25% 30% 20%
CALIFORNIA STATEWIDE UTILITIES CODES AND STANDARDS PROGRAM
11/2/2010CA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes
60
Multi-family Solar Water Heating
Mandatory: Solar Water Heating Ready
● Potential Measures
● LCC Analysis Methodology
● Measures Cost Data Collection
● Measures Cost Savings Data Collection
● Proposed Code Language
60
CALIFORNIA STATEWIDE UTILITIES CODES AND STANDARDS PROGRAM
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6161
● Green Pointed Rated Build-It-Green
● Local jurisdiction reach measures
● Continuous stakeholder input
● Via stakeholder meeting
● Outreach and interviews
Multi-family Solar Water Heating
Mandatory: SWH Ready Sources
CALIFORNIA STATEWIDE UTILITIES CODES AND STANDARDS PROGRAM
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62
Multi-family Solar Water Heating
Existing SWH Ready Language: Examples
● San Rafael GREEN building code
● “The area of roof penetrated should be at least 300 square feet
and not subject to shading by trees, chimneys or mechanical
equipment”
● “Two ¾” copper pipes and one ¾” electrical metallic tubing (EMT)
conduit, shall be stubbed out a minimum of 6” above the roof,
capped off and provided with roof jacks for a future solar water
heating system. The pipe and conduit shall be run to the location
of the water heater, be capped off and be readily accessible”
● Green Point Rated Single Family manual
● “Roof trusses shall be engineered to handle an additional load
of five (5) pounds per square foot beyond that of the anticipated
load for the roofing material”
● “Adequate space for a 100 gallon solar storage tank (with
pressure relief drain line)”
62
CALIFORNIA STATEWIDE UTILITIES CODES AND STANDARDS PROGRAM
11/2/2010CA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes
6363
Multi-family Solar Water Heating
New Const. “Ready”: Considerations for MF
● Adequate roof area for collectors● Orientation and area: “South and secondarily West-facing
largest roof area at least X ft2/CFA”
● Access, pathways and smoke ventilation considerations
● Attachment points
● Issues● 300 ft2 quote for SF: will develop ft2/CFA specs based on
hot water load sizing
● For high-rise building with smaller footprint
● Orientation: may not significantly affect performance?
● Shading restriction: CSI Thermal requires shading factor > 80% for incentive
● Can the collectors be somewhere other than the roof?
CALIFORNIA STATEWIDE UTILITIES CODES AND STANDARDS PROGRAM
11/2/2010CA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes
6464
Multi-family Solar Water Heating
New Const. “Ready”: Considerations for MF
● Structural requirement for roof
● X lb/ft2 additional load tolerance for roof
● Issues
● 5 lb/ft2 for single family: Specs will be developed based on weight info available from manufacturers both for collectors and tank
● Depending on the location of the boiler room, future solar tank may not locate on the roof; requirement should be waved in this case
CALIFORNIA STATEWIDE UTILITIES CODES AND STANDARDS PROGRAM
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6565
● Adequate space in/around boiler room for solar equipment
● Issues
● Flexibility on location of future solar equipment: inside or outside the boiler room with access consideration� what minimum area/footprint requirement?
● In addition to space, access consideration is also important, especially if the tank space is reserved inside the boiler room
Multi-family Solar Water Heating
New Const. “Ready”: Considerations for MF
CALIFORNIA STATEWIDE UTILITIES CODES AND STANDARDS PROGRAM
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6666
● Pre-piping and conduit or installing chase
● Issues
● Pre-piping: technology specific, and will have to be pressure-tested and stubbed off properly
● Installing chase: needs to ensure future (full-body) access for attachments and more
● Would requiring a “pathway” for future plumbing and conduit to be designated/mapped out on the building plan accomplish the same goal?
Multi-family Solar Water Heating
New Const. “Ready”: Considerations for MF
CALIFORNIA STATEWIDE UTILITIES CODES AND STANDARDS PROGRAM
11/2/2010CA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes
6767
Multi-family Solar Water Heating
New Construction “Ready”: Analysis Method
● Cost now vs. cost savings later
● Projection of market adoption rate
● Scenario analysis to determine cost effectiveness “target” market adoption rate
● Compare the “target” rate with other projections
● NREL study on solar thermal market trend
● CSI Thermal program goal
● CPUC Net Zero Energy goals
CALIFORNIA STATEWIDE UTILITIES CODES AND STANDARDS PROGRAM
11/2/2010CA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes
6868
Multi-family Solar Water Heating
New Construction “Ready”: Cost Data Collection
● Adequate roof areas for collectors
● Design consideration � no cost
● Structural requirements for roof
● ∆ $x for a range of base load and additional ∆lb/ft2 ~ likely from RS Means
● Adequate space in/around boiler room for solar equipment
● Is there only design consideration?● If so, then no additional cost is incurred.
● If not, how to estimate?
CALIFORNIA STATEWIDE UTILITIES CODES AND STANDARDS PROGRAM
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6969
Multi-family Solar Water Heating
New Construction “Ready”: Cost Data Collection
● Pre-piping and pre-conduit/ installing chase
● Pre-pipe and conduit: $x/ft of copper piping and $x/ft of electrical metallic tubing conduit installed (both material and labor)
● Chase: $x for constructing a 3′x3′ drywall chase for each of the prototype buildings ~ likely from RS Means
CALIFORNIA STATEWIDE UTILITIES CODES AND STANDARDS PROGRAM
11/2/2010CA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes
7070
Multi-family Solar Water Heating
New Construction “Ready”: Cost Savings Data Collection
● Quantifying the cost savings benefits from requiring MF buildings to be SWH ready
● Will conduct interviews with solar system designers and installers
● Obtain estimate on cost savings from each of the measures
● Based on project experience: current retrofit is the base case
● Scaled to the size/layout the prototype buildings
CALIFORNIA STATEWIDE UTILITIES CODES AND STANDARDS PROGRAM
11/2/2010CA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes
7171
Multi-family Solar Water Heating
Draft Proposed Code Language: Mandatory Requirements for New Construction
● Add points 1 and 2 under section 150(n), the mandatory
requirements for service water-heating systems and equipment
Original:
SECTION 150 (n) Water Heating Recirculation Loops Serving
Multiple Dwelling Units. Water heating recirculation loops serving
multiple dwelling units shall meet the requirements of Section 113(c)5.
(SECTION 113 (c) 5 Water heating Recirculation Loops Serving
Multiple Dwelling Units, High-Rise Residential, Hotel/Motel
and Nonresidential Occupancies.)
CALIFORNIA STATEWIDE UTILITIES CODES AND STANDARDS PROGRAM
11/2/2010CA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes
7272
Multi-family Solar Water Heating
Draft Proposed Code Language: Mandatory Requirements for New Construction
Proposed:
SECTION 150 (n) Water Heating Recirculation Loops Serving
Multiple Dwelling Units.
1. Water heating recirculation loops serving multiple dwelling
units shall meet the requirement of Section 113(c)5. (relocated)
2. The following items shall be clearly shown and labeled on
building plans/drawings submitted for permitting purposes to
facilitate potential future installation of solar water heating
system:
A. Marked area(s) of potential future solar collector on the roof with at least
X ft2/CFA or Y % of total roof area with minimum annual average collector
availability (free of shading, between the hours of 10am to 3pm) of Z %.
Marked area(s) must follow guidelines outlined in Chapter 2 of the
California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection Office of the State
Fire Marshal Solar Photovoltaic Installation Guideline.
CALIFORNIA STATEWIDE UTILITIES CODES AND STANDARDS PROGRAM
11/2/2010CA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes
7373
Multi-family Solar Water Heating
Draft Proposed Code Language:Mandatory Requirements for New Construction
(continued…)
B.Roof shall be able to withstand X lb/ft2 additional load for potential
future solar water heating equipment weight. This shall be performed
and certified/stamped by a licensed structural engineer.
C.Marked area inside or outside the boiler room where the water
heating equipment reside, for potential solar water heating
associated equipment. If the marked area is outside the boiler room,
at least X ft space clearance shall be kept in all directions from the
cold water inlet from potential future solar thermal related
connections
D.Marked plumbing and conduit path between the collector area on
the roof and the boiler/water heating in the boiler room for potential
solar water heating system.
EXCEPTION to Section 150(n)2: the requirement may be omitted
if an actual solar water heating system is installed.
CALIFORNIA STATEWIDE UTILITIES CODES AND STANDARDS PROGRAM
11/2/2010CA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes
7474
Multi-family Solar Water Heating
Data Collection and Analysis to Complete
● For Prescriptive requirements of minimum solar
water heating energy
● Continue detailed TRNSYS runs to determine the
appropriate requirement level for each climate zone based
on LCC analysis
● Drafting recommendations for new rules to be incorporated
into ACM compliance software
● For Mandatory requirements for SWH ready
● Continue to conduct interviews to solicit potential cost
savings and suggestions on ready measures
● Perform LCC analysis as outlined previously
CALIFORNIA STATEWIDE UTILITIES CODES AND STANDARDS PROGRAM
11/2/2010
75
Multi-family Solar Water Heating
QUESTIONS & COMMENTS
Julianna [email protected]
?
California Statewide Utility Codes and Standards Program
76
PV-ready Buildings(nonresidential)Solar Stakeholder Meeting #2
Heidi Hauenstein
Energy Solutions
November 2, 2010
CALIFORNIA STATEWIDE UTILITIES CODES AND STANDARDS PROGRAM
11/2/2010CA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes
777777
Agenda
● Why PV-Ready Buildings?
● Opportunities
● Existing Renewable Energy Codes
● Potential Code Changes
● Size of PV Zone
● Costs & Cost Effectiveness
● Energy Savings
● Next Steps
CALIFORNIA STATEWIDE UTILITIES CODES AND STANDARDS PROGRAM
11/2/2010CA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes
78
PV-ready Nonresidential Buildings
Why PV-ready Buildings?
● University of Arizona team
surveyed City of Phoenix
public buildings
● Only 100 of 364 buildings
deemed suitable for rooftop
solar installations
● ~ 27 percent of buildings
● A large portion of the 264
buildings that were deemed
unsuitable had access to
good solar resources
78
● Only ~30 % of existing buildings are
suitable for PV
CALIFORNIA STATEWIDE UTILITIES CODES AND STANDARDS PROGRAM
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79
PV-ready Nonresidential Buildings
Why PV-ready Buildings?
79
● Self-shading
● Roof obstructions
● Obstructions included in original
design: Ex., structural and mechanical
equipment, overhead tanks, HVAC vents,
chimneys, skylights, plumbing vents,
ducts, piping, etc.
● Obstructions added after construction:
Ex., antennas, satellite dishes, weather
monitoring equipment, etc.
● Unfavorable orientation or slope
● Unfavorable roof shape (e.g. domed
roof)
● Unfavorable roof materials
CALIFORNIA STATEWIDE UTILITIES CODES AND STANDARDS PROGRAM
11/2/2010CA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes
8080
Existing ConditionsRooftop equipment in middle of
roof area
Optimized ConditionsRooftop equipment on north side of roof area
Suitable location for PV array(unshaded and unobstructed)
PV-ready Nonresidential Buildings
Why PV-ready Buildings?
CALIFORNIA STATEWIDE UTILITIES CODES AND STANDARDS PROGRAM
11/2/2010CA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes
8181
PV-ready Nonresidential Buildings
Opportunities
● Energy Savings Opportunity● Increase the number of buildings that would be suitable
for future PV installations
● Increase size of PV systems installed on rooftops
● Enable more voluntary PV installations in the future
● Other Opportunities● In-line with California’s long-term energy efficiency and
renewable energy goals
● Positioning to achieve zero-net energy goals
● CPUC goal of integrating renewable energy into the building code
within the 2011 – 2015 timeframe
● In-line with CA GHG emissions reduction strategic plan
(AB 32)
CALIFORNIA STATEWIDE UTILITIES CODES AND STANDARDS PROGRAM
11/2/2010CA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes
82
PV-ready Nonresidential Buildings
Existing Renewable Energy Codes● ASHRAE 189P (i.e. ASHRAE Green Code)
● Mandatory requirement - PV-ready building requirement (3.7 W/SF x roof area)
● Prescriptive option - provide equivalent of 4.0 KBtu/ft2 of conditioned space with on-site renewable energy
● Part 11 of Title 24 (i.e. CA Green Buildings Standards)
● Supply at least 1% of electricity from on-site renewable energy, pre-wiring for future solar.
● Voluntary requirement for Building Standards Commission
● International Energy Conservation Code● Supply at least 3% of energy demand with on-site
renewable energy
CALIFORNIA STATEWIDE UTILITIES CODES AND STANDARDS PROGRAM
11/2/2010CA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes
8383
PV-ready Nonresidential Buildings
Potential Code Changes
● Proposing a mandatory requirement that nonresidential buildings be ready for future PV installation
● Standard will likely end up in CalGreen (i.e. Title 24, Part 11)
● “PV-ready” means the building would have:
1. Allocated PV zone
2. Dedicated PV electrical interconnect
3. Designed wiring between PV zone and electrical interconnect
CALIFORNIA STATEWIDE UTILITIES CODES AND STANDARDS PROGRAM
11/2/2010CA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes
8484
PV-ready Nonresidential Buildings
Potential Code Changes
1. Allocated PV zone
● All buildings should be constructed with a PV zone
● PV zone can be on the roof or elsewhere on the building site
● PV zone should be● Unobstructed by pipes, vents, etc.
● Unshaded by equipment, other parts of the building or objects on the building site
● Not including external shading due to neighboring buildings, trees on neighboring sites, topography, etc.
● Be designed so it is possible to orient panels within 30 degrees of south
CALIFORNIA STATEWIDE UTILITIES CODES AND STANDARDS PROGRAM
11/2/2010CA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes
8585
PV-ready Nonresidential Buildings
Potential Code Changes
1. Allocated PV zone (continued)
● If the PV zone is located on the roof, it should:
● Comply with existing cool roofing and skylight requirements
● Be designed according to fire safety guidelines
● Section 2.2 of the California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection
Office of the State Fire Marshal Solar Photovoltaic Installation Guideline
● Have sufficient structural integrity to support the PV system
(typically 4 PSF) and expected wind load on the PV array
● Current practice is to design for 2x the failure stress
● Roof designed for 20 psf uniform load and 300 lbs concentrated load
● May require collaboration with building standards commission to adopt
changes to Part 2 of Title 24
CALIFORNIA STATEWIDE UTILITIES CODES AND STANDARDS PROGRAM
11/2/2010CA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes
8686
PV-ready Nonresidential Buildings
Potential Code Changes
1. Allocated PV zone (continued)
● The size of the PV zone should be either A or
B, whichever is smaller:
A. Sized according to the prescribed square foot of
PV zone/ total building floor space
● Size varies based on building type
● Calculated to provide a percentage of expected building
electricity use
B. 75 percent of the space not occupied by
essential mechanical equipment
CALIFORNIA STATEWIDE UTILITIES CODES AND STANDARDS PROGRAM
11/2/2010CA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes
8787
PV-ready Nonresidential Buildings
Potential Code Changes
2. Dedicated PV Electrical Interconnect● Building drawings should clearly indicate where the PV
system, of the size specified, would be interconnected
● Electrical interconnection design should be designed according to section 690 of the California Electrical Code
● Busbar and main breakers should be capable of accommodating the specified supply (from inverter)
● 690.64 allows sum of supply feeders serving the busbar to be 20% of the busbar rating
3. Design Wiring Between PV Zone and Electrical Interconnection
● Building drawings should clearly indicate the shortest feasible pathway to run wires between the PV zone and the inverter (or batteries) and dedicated electrical interconnection point
● Inverter (or battery) location should be identified in drawings
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PV-ready Nonresidential Buildings
Structural Design of PV Zone
● Title 24, Part 2 specifies roof structural
design requirements ● 1606A.3 Roof dead loads.
The design dead load shall provide for the weight of at least one
additional roof covering in addition to other applicable loadings if the
new roof covering is permitted to be applied over the original roofing
without its removal, in accordance with Section 1510.
● 1607A.11 Roof loads. (Live loads)
The structural supports of roofs and marquees shall be designed to resist
wind and, where applicable, snow and earthquake loads, in addition to the
dead load of construction and the appropriate live loads as prescribed in
this section, or as set forth in Table 1607A.1. The live loads acting on a
sloping surface shall be assumed to act vertically on the horizontal
projection of that surface.
CALIFORNIA STATEWIDE UTILITIES CODES AND STANDARDS PROGRAM
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89
PV-ready Nonresidential Buildings
Structural Design of PV Zone
● TABLE 1607A.1 MINIMUM UNIFORMLY DISTRIBUTED LIVE
LOADS AND MINIMUM CONCENTRATED LIVE LOADS g
CALIFORNIA STATEWIDE UTILITIES CODES AND STANDARDS PROGRAM
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90
PV-ready Nonresidential Buildings
Structural Design of PV Zone
● PV system load
● Typically 4 pounds per square foot (PSF)
● Up to 15 PSF with wind loading
● Typically practice is to design for 2X failure stress
● Existing structural design code provide enough
structural integrity for PV system
● No other equipment will be placed on PV zone
● 20 live load PSF requirement < 15 PSF load of PV system
CALIFORNIA STATEWIDE UTILITIES CODES AND STANDARDS PROGRAM
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91
PV-ready Nonresidential Buildings
Size of PV Zone
● Methodology of determining size of PV zone● Determine annual electricity use (kWh/building floorspace)
● From CEUS
● Set goal for electricity generation from PV system
● Determine feasibility of providing 3% of annual electricity use
● Consider adjusting based on cost, available space on building site, and
long-term ZNE on-site generation goals
● Determine 3% of annual electricity use (kWh/building
floorspace)
● Translate kWh/floorspace value into:
● Square footage of PV Zone / building floorspace
● kW / building floorspace
CALIFORNIA STATEWIDE UTILITIES CODES AND STANDARDS PROGRAM
11/2/2010
Annual Electricity Use (kWh/SF)
CZ 1 CZ 2 CZ 3 CZ 4 CZ 5 CZ 6 CZ 7 CZ 8 CZ 9 CZ 10 CZ 11 CZ 12 CZ 13 CZ 14 CZ 15 CZ 16
Statewide
Average
(kWh/SF)
Small Office 14.35 11.93 9.40 17.37 14.49 17.68 11.46 13.78 13.87 11.55 12.91 13.30
Large Office 9.06 12.64 14.20 23.51 15.25 19.95 15.86 18.73 17.39 12.30 18.82 17.70
Restaurant 27.60 35.83 33.25 35.97 31.41 46.81 37.97 41.85 49.73 55.84 47.75 40.20
Retail 17.31 14.88 10.06 12.82 12.65 14.28 12.73 14.07 16.75 17.51 14.51 14.60
Grocery 36.79 44.60 36.27 44.34 40.26 44.79 41.37 42.63 40.97 41.48 44.10 40.99
Warehouse n/a 5.53 10.77 4.26 4.56 3.76 n/a 4.87 4.77 3.32 4.17 4.45
Refrigerated Warehouse 14.59 19.81 25.88 10.12 24.86 16.85 29.82 23.07 17.75 41.87 38.77 20.02
School 8.66 7.07 8.82 6.65 5.51 9.16 9.24 7.62 7.43 10.17 6.45 7.46
Colleges 12.86 11.77 14.24 9.75 12.70 10.84 19.03 16.41 12.31 9.89 11.23 12.26
Health 14.65 17.55 15.04 23.03 18.40 23.06 14.76 18.15 25.86 21.08 19.38 19.61
Lodging 9.30 8.78 10.07 9.33 10.03 12.13 15.07 11.06 9.48 22.29 15.51 12.13
Miscellaneous 5.18 10.01 10.42 9.81 8.98 18.00 2.85 10.05 13.02 11.95 11.57 9.84
CA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes
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PV-ready Nonresidential Buildings
Size of PV ZoneUsed statewide average
annual energy use to size PV zone
Source: CEUS* Includes electricity use from: HVAC, water heating, cooking, exterior and interior lighting, office equipment, processes, motors, and air compressors
data not available
CALIFORNIA STATEWIDE UTILITIES CODES AND STANDARDS PROGRAM
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93
PV-ready Nonresidential Buildings
Size of PV Zone
Goal: provide 3 % of annual electricity use with electricity
from PV system
Building Type
kWh/ 1000 SF
building
floorspace
Small Office 399
Large Office 531
Restaurant 1,206
Retail 438
Grocery 1,230
Warehouse 134
Refrigerated Warehouse 601
School 224
Colleges 368
Health 588
Lodging 364
Miscellaneous 295
CALIFORNIA STATEWIDE UTILITIES CODES AND STANDARDS PROGRAM
11/2/2010
● Calculate physical size of PV zone from
kWh goal using following assumptions:
● kWh/kW (statewide average)
● 100 SF / kW
Climate Zone kWh/kW Climate Zone kWh/kW1 1,220 9 1,570
2 1,420 10 1,560
3 1,515 11 1,595
4 1,560 12 1,670
5 1,570 13 1,705
6 1,590 14 1,790
7 1,545 15 1,755
8 1,565 16 1,560
Statewide Average (kWh/kW)weighted by floorspace in each climate zone
1,595
CA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes
94
PV-ready Nonresidential Buildings
Size of PV Zone
Sources: kWh/kW from CEC staff – used low estimate
CALIFORNIA STATEWIDE UTILITIES CODES AND STANDARDS PROGRAM
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PV-ready Nonresidential Buildings
Size of PV Zone
Climate Zone
Climate Zone 1 0.2%
Climate Zone 2 2.3%
Climate Zone 3 9.5%
Climate Zone 4 5.6%
Climate Zone 5 1.1%
Climate Zone 6 7.4%
Climate Zone 7 6.7%
Climate Zone 8 9.6%
Climate Zone 9 8.1%
Climate Zone 10 15.2%
Climate Zone 11 3.7%
Climate Zone 12 15.9%
Climate Zone 13 7.1%
Climate Zone 14 2.6%
Climate Zone 15 2.8%
Climate Zone 16 2.0%
% of Statewide
Buiding Stock
● Weight by % of building floorspace in each
climate zone
Source: CEC construction forecast
CALIFORNIA STATEWIDE UTILITIES CODES AND STANDARDS PROGRAM
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96
PV-ready Nonresidential Buildings
Size of PV Zone
Size of PV Zone
Building Type
kWh/ 1000 SF
building
floorspace
kW/ 1000
SF building
floorspace
SF PV zone /
1000 SF building
floorspace
Small Office 399 0.25 25.0
Large Office 531 0.33 33.3
Restaurant 1,206 0.76 75.6
Retail 438 0.27 27.5
Grocery 1,230 0.77 77.1
Warehouse 134 0.08 8.4
Refrigerated Warehouse 601 0.38 37.7
School 224 0.14 14.0
Colleges 368 0.23 23.1
Health 588 0.37 36.9
Lodging 364 0.23 22.8
Miscellaneous 295 0.19 18.5
● Example Building
● 10,000 SF office
● 2 stories
● PV zone = 250 SF
● PV zone covers
5% of roof space
● Capacity of PV
system - 2.5 kW
CALIFORNIA STATEWIDE UTILITIES CODES AND STANDARDS PROGRAM
11/2/2010CA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes
9797
PV-ready Nonresidential Buildings
Size of PV Zone
● Capacity of Non-residential PV Systems● System sizes vary significantly 1 kW – 1,000 kW
Source: California Solar Initiative
CALIFORNIA STATEWIDE UTILITIES CODES AND STANDARDS PROGRAM
11/2/2010CA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes
98
PV-ready Nonresidential Buildings
Cost
Measure Cost Cost Savings
PV Zone ●Design costs (n/a) ● none
Electrical
Interconnection
●Busbar with appropriate
rating ($/kW)
● % of buildings will avoid
electrical system retrofits
Design wiring ● Design costs (n/a) ● shorter wires
● reduced labor costs to run
wires
CALIFORNIA STATEWIDE UTILITIES CODES AND STANDARDS PROGRAM
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99
PV-ready Nonresidential Buildings
Lifecycle Cost Effectiveness
● Calculation methodology for lifecycle cost
effectiveness
● Costs apply to every building built in California
● Cost savings only apply to buildings that install a
PV system as some point during the building life
● Cost savings from electricity generation are not
included in cost effectiveness calculation
CALIFORNIA STATEWIDE UTILITIES CODES AND STANDARDS PROGRAM
11/2/2010CA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes
100
PV-ready Nonresidential Buildings
Energy Savings
● Energy savings (site) = Electricity generation from PV system
● Calculation method:1. Determine maximum possible savings
● Savings if all buildings constructed in 2013 install PV system
2. Subtract naturally occurring savings
● Estimated from CSI data
3. Estimate savings attributable to measure
● What percentage of buildings will install systems due to measure
CALIFORNIA STATEWIDE UTILITIES CODES AND STANDARDS PROGRAM
11/2/2010CA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes
101
PV-ready Nonresidential Buildings
Energy Savings
● Maximum Possible Savings
2013 Statewide New
Construction Forecast
(million SF)
5.327
13.951
3.128
19.187
5.167
19.078
1.091
4.749
4.625
5.775
#N/A
#N/A
82.077
X =PV Zone
generation potential / SF
(3% of electricity use)
Projected SF new construction
in 2013
Maximum generation from PV system
(if all buildings install system)
Building Type
kWh/ 1000 SF
building
floorspace
Small Office 399
Large Office 531
Restaurant 1,206
Retail 438
Grocery 1,230
Warehouse 134
Refrigerated Warehouse 601
School 224
Colleges 368
Health 588
Lodging 364
Miscellaneous 295
Building Type
Maximum
Annual
Electricity
Savings
(GWh)
Maximum
PV Capacity
Installed
(MW)
OFF-SMALL 2.1 1.3
OFF-LRG 7.4 4.6
REST 3.8 2.4
RETAIL 8.4 5.3
FOOD 6.4 4.0
NWHSE 2.5 1.6
RWHSE 0.7 0.4
SCHOOL 1.1 0.7
COLLEGE 1.7 1.1
HOSP 3.4 2.1
HOTEL
MISC
Total 37.4 23.5
CALIFORNIA STATEWIDE UTILITIES CODES AND STANDARDS PROGRAM
11/2/2010CA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes
102
PV-ready Nonresidential Buildings
Energy Savings
Code change results in energy savings from this portion of buildings
Savings would have happened without code (naturally occurring)
Some buildings will never a install PV system
Note: only a small percentage of buildings (~10%) will be unsuitable for PV installations
Source: CSI database
Before code 70% of buildings are unsuitable for PV
CALIFORNIA STATEWIDE UTILITIES CODES AND STANDARDS PROGRAM
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103
Source: CSI
PV-ready Nonresidential Buildings
Energy Savings
~ 8% of installations are on new buildings
~92 % of installations are retrofits to existing buildings
Market penetration of PV installations is low
CALIFORNIA STATEWIDE UTILITIES CODES AND STANDARDS PROGRAM
11/2/2010CA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes
104
PV-ready Nonresidential Buildings
Energy Savings
● Naturally occurring adoption rates will depend
on a number of (changing) factors
● Price of PV modules
● Balance-of-system costs
● Incentives available
● Challenging to predict installation rates 10-30
years in the future
● Assumptions for this analysis
● In 2013, less than 1% of buildings will install PV during
initial construction
● By 2042, 10% of buildings constructed in 2013 will
have installed PV (regardless of standard)
CALIFORNIA STATEWIDE UTILITIES CODES AND STANDARDS PROGRAM
11/2/2010CA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes
105
PV-ready Nonresidential Buildings
Energy Savings
● Assumptions about PV installations that happen
because of standard
● In 2013, 1% of buildings will install PV system during
initial construction
● By 2042, 50% of buildings built in 2013 will have
installed a PV system
● This goal will be refined
● Results
● Annual Savings
● First year savings: 0.3 GWh; 0.2 MW
● Year 15 savings: 7.4 GWh; 5.6 MW
● Year 30 savings: 15 GWh; 9.4 MW
CALIFORNIA STATEWIDE UTILITIES CODES AND STANDARDS PROGRAM
11/2/2010CA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes
106
PV-ready Nonresidential Buildings
Energy Savings
WithoutCode Change
With Code Change
EmergingRenewables CSI and NSHP
Goal: 3000 MW by 2030
TODAY: 522 MW
CALIFORNIA STATEWIDE UTILITIES CODES AND STANDARDS PROGRAM
11/2/2010CA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes
107
PV-ready Nonresidential Buildings
Next Steps
● Re-visit % of electricity use goal used to
establish PV zone size
● Is it in line with long-term on-site renewable
energy goals
● Update kWh/KW values with new values
using updated weather files
● Develop and refine code language
CALIFORNIA STATEWIDE UTILITIES CODES AND STANDARDS PROGRAM
11/2/2010CA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes
108
PV-ready Nonresidential Buildings
QUESTIONS & COMMENTS
Heidi [email protected]
(510) 482 4420 ext. 219
?
California Statewide Utility Codes and Standards Program
109
Solar Ready HomesSolar Stakeholder Meeting #2
Jon Roberts
CTG Energetics
November 2, 2010
CALIFORNIA STATEWIDE UTILITIES CODES AND STANDARDS PROGRAM
11/2/2010
Solar Ready Homes
Outline
● Market Review & Costs
● Review of Solar Ready Measures Considered
● Life Cycle Cost Analysis
● Remaining Work
● Strawman Code Language
● Questions/Feedback
110
CA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes
CALIFORNIA STATEWIDE UTILITIES CODES AND STANDARDS PROGRAM
11/2/2010
Residential PV Market –
Current and Projected Costs
Current Number of Residential System Owners
Average Nameplate Rating of Installed
Systems
Average System Cost(without incentives & rebates)
43,296 5.67 kW$ 41,885 Total or
$7,388/kW
Source: National Renewable Energy Laboratory, “Modeling the US Rooftop PV Market,” 09/2010
Source: California Solar Initiative
111
CA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes
CALIFORNIA STATEWIDE UTILITIES CODES AND STANDARDS PROGRAM
11/2/2010
Source: National Renewable Energy Laboratory, “Modeling the US Rooftop PV Market,” 09/2010
112
Residential PV Market
Future Projections
CA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes
CALIFORNIA STATEWIDE UTILITIES CODES AND STANDARDS PROGRAM
11/2/2010
Solar Hot Water System Market
Type Of Collector
Number Installed
% of Total Installed
Average Collector Size (SF)
Average Cost
Indirect ICS 2 3% 34.6 $ 3,333.50
Direct ICS 5 6% 28.86 $ 6,000.26
Indirect Thermosyphon 10 13% 42.65 $ 6,358.98
Indirect Forced Circulation 63 79% 50.80 $ 8,465.11
Source: California Solar Initiative -Thermal Program Data, 2010
113
CA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes
CALIFORNIA STATEWIDE UTILITIES CODES AND STANDARDS PROGRAM
11/2/2010
Solar Ready Homes –
Potential Measures Reviewed
● Roof space provisions ����
● Minimum space ����
● Solar orientation ����
● Free of penetrations ����
● Shading ����
● Ensure roof structural load capacity ����
● Fire access and venting requirements ����
● Roof material lifetime matching PV lifetime
● Pre-install roof penetration/flashing
● Pre-install mounting hardware
114
CA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes
CALIFORNIA STATEWIDE UTILITIES CODES AND STANDARDS PROGRAM
11/2/2010
Solar Ready Homes –
Potential Measures Reviewed
● Document pathway for piping and wiring ����
● Ensure electric panel capacity and spare breakers ����
● Roof warranty provisions
● Roofer callback during solar installation
● Pre-install wiring
● Pre-install conduit
● Pre-install piping
● Install chase
● Ensure physical space for equipment near electric
panel and water heater
115
CA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes
CALIFORNIA STATEWIDE UTILITIES CODES AND STANDARDS PROGRAM
11/2/2010
Solar Ready Homes – Proposed Measure
Reserved Roof Area for Solar Arrays
● One [250-350] ft2 roof section
● ± 30º of South or between 150º to 270º
● Can be divided into two contiguous rectangular sections
greater than 80 ft2 each
- OR -
● Two orthogonal [250-350] ft2 roof sections
● No orientation requirements
● Kept clear of attic vents, plumbing vents,
equipment, and other obstructions.
● Roof reservations marked on plans
116
CA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes
CALIFORNIA STATEWIDE UTILITIES CODES AND STANDARDS PROGRAM
11/2/2010
Solar Ready Homes – Proposed Roof Area Provision
Example of Two Orthogonal Roof Sections
117
CA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes
CALIFORNIA STATEWIDE UTILITIES CODES AND STANDARDS PROGRAM
11/2/201011/02/2010
2011 Title 24 CASE Process Update
118
CALIFORNIA STATEWIDE UTILITIES CODES AND STANDARDS PROGRAM
11/2/201011/02/2010
2011 Title 24 CASE Process Update
119
CALIFORNIA STATEWIDE UTILITIES CODES AND STANDARDS PROGRAM
11/2/2010
Optimal Solar Orientation Provides 5% AverageImprovement Potential over non-Optimal Orientation
11/02/2010
120
78%
80%
82%
84%
86%
88%
90%
92%
94%
96%
98%
100%
% o
f M
ax
imu
m P
V O
utp
ut
Improvements in 160-220 Degree Regulation
Regulated
Baseline
Regulated
Average
Baseline
Average
Source: CTG Analysis of Solar Communities
CALIFORNIA STATEWIDE UTILITIES CODES AND STANDARDS PROGRAM
11/2/2010
Solar Ready Homes – Proposed Measure
Reserved Roof Area for Solar Arrays
● Benefits:
● 5% increase in solar output
● Solar Water heating: ~11 Therms/ 227 kWh, or $10-60 per
year savings
● PV: ~ 300-400 kWh, or $50-100 per year savings
● Cost-savings for future retrofits if house is Solar Ready
121
~ 5 additional installation labor hours will be required to install solar in a non-solar ready home compared to a solar-ready home.
Solar Ready Measure
Added Costs of Measure inSolar Ready Home
Added Costs of Measure in anon-Solar Ready Home
New Construction Retrofit Retrofit
Reserved roof area for collectors
$ - $ - $245.25
CA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes
CALIFORNIA STATEWIDE UTILITIES CODES AND STANDARDS PROGRAM
11/2/2010
Solar Ready Homes – Proposed Measure
Solar Roof Area(s) not be Shaded by Adjacent Architectural Features
● Any vent, chimney, or other architectural protuberance between
shall be a minimum distance of twice the protuberance height
from the reserved roof area(s)
● Exception: Any Vent, Chimney or architectural protuberance located
at a higher roof elevation than the reserved roof area.
122
h
2h
CA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes
CALIFORNIA STATEWIDE UTILITIES CODES AND STANDARDS PROGRAM
11/2/2010
Solar Ready Homes – Proposed Measure
Solar Roof Area(s) not be Shaded by Adjacent Architectural Features
● Benefit - Improved solar system performance
● Outstanding Question –
Potential non-ready retrofit costs for complex
panel installation or vent relocation to avoid
shade
123
Solar Ready Measure
Added Costs of Measure inSolar Ready Home
Added Costs of Measure in a non-Solar
Ready Home
New Construction Retrofit Retrofit
Roof design to minimize shading
$ - $ - $?
CA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes
CALIFORNIA STATEWIDE UTILITIES CODES AND STANDARDS PROGRAM
11/2/2010
Solar Ready Homes – Proposed Measure
Provide Smoke Ventilation & Fire Access for Solar Roof Area
● Section 2 of the California Department of Forestry
and Fire Protection Office of the State Fire Marshal
Solar Photovoltaic Installation Guideline
124
Solar Ready Measure
Added Costs of Measure inSolar Ready Home
Added Costs of Measure in a non-Solar
Ready HomeNew
Construction Retrofit Retrofit
Provide smoke ventilation & fire access for solar roof area
$ - $ - $50
● Non-solar ready retrofit costs include additional coordination
and permitting time with fire marshal
● Stricter fire access guidelines may preclude many retrofits
that were not pre-planned
CA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes
CALIFORNIA STATEWIDE UTILITIES CODES AND STANDARDS PROGRAM
11/2/2010
CA Dept of Forestry –Fire Access Requirements
125
CA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes
CALIFORNIA STATEWIDE UTILITIES CODES AND STANDARDS PROGRAM
11/2/2010
CA Dept of Forestry –Fire Access Requirements
126
CA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes
CALIFORNIA STATEWIDE UTILITIES CODES AND STANDARDS PROGRAM
11/2/2010
Solar Ready Homes – Proposed Measure
Roof Designed For Solar Structural Loads
● Accommodate additional structural load of
solar installation, 5 lb/sqft
● Load capacity clearly marked on plans
127
•~ 90% of current retrofit homes do not require structural upgrades.
•Retrofits often require a structural engineer stamp for structural loads in an non-solar ready home.
Solar Ready Measure
Added Costs of Measure inSolar Ready Home
Added Costs of Measure in a non-Solar Ready Home
New Construction Retrofit Retrofit
Accommodate additional structural load of collectors
$ - $ - $600.00
CA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes
CALIFORNIA STATEWIDE UTILITIES CODES AND STANDARDS PROGRAM
11/2/2010
128
Solar Ready Homes – Proposed Measure
Pre-Piping and Pre-Wiring (not recommended)
•Values include material costs and labor for installing piping and wiring
•Stubbed out to attic interior
• Non-solar ready accounts for additional labor for required for wall cutouts to route piping & wiring
•(Assumes that majority of retrofits would pipe and wire external to the building)
•Retrofit labor based on RS Means for small-area cutouts, ~ 2 cutouts.
Solar Ready Measure
Added Costs of Measure inSolar Ready Home
Added Costs of Measure in a non-Solar
Ready Home
New Construction Retrofit Retrofit
Pre-piping and pre-wiring $810.20 $ - $892.20
CA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes
CALIFORNIA STATEWIDE UTILITIES CODES AND STANDARDS PROGRAM
11/2/2010
Solar Ready Homes – Proposed Measure
Pre-Plumbing Constraints
● Specialized
Piping Systems
● Control wiring
● Pipe slope
requirements
for drainback
systems
129
CA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes
CALIFORNIA STATEWIDE UTILITIES CODES AND STANDARDS PROGRAM
11/2/2010
Solar Ready Homes – Proposed Measure
Pre-Wiring/Conduit Constraints
● Wiring/conduit sizing requirements
indeterminate in the ‘ready’ stage and likely
to change over time
● Liability concerns for installer
● Installer feedback that there is a strong
likelihood that pre-conduit/wiring/roof
penetrations would not be routed in their
preferred location, ~ 50% chance of not being
used
130
CA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes
CALIFORNIA STATEWIDE UTILITIES CODES AND STANDARDS PROGRAM
11/2/2010
131
Solar Ready Homes – Proposed Measure
Install Chase (Not Recommended)
• Chase construction: wood studs, ½ inch drywall ~$.84/sf for material and $2.14/sf for labor, ~ 48 SF of wall = $143.04 total
• Depending on chase construction/access panels, additional labor required for cutouts.
• Retrofit costs include material costs and labor for installing piping and wiring, and some wall cutouts
Solar Ready Measure
Added Costs of Measure inSolar Ready Home
Added Costs of Measure in a non-Solar Ready
Home
New Construction Retrofit Retrofit
Install Chase $143 $ 820-892 $892
CA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes
CALIFORNIA STATEWIDE UTILITIES CODES AND STANDARDS PROGRAM
11/2/2010
132
Solar Ready Homes – Proposed Measure
Roof Penetration (Not Recommended)
•Values include material costs and labor for installing flashing on roof
•Analysis of without solar ready accounts for additional labor for required for cutouts through roofing
•Stakeholder concerns
•Penetration likely not in the desired location
•Aesthetics
•Roof leakage
•Will have to have a roofer/contractor onsite to install standoffs, minimal incremental benefit
Solar Ready Measure
Added Costs of Measure inSolar Ready Home
Added Costs of Measure in a non-Solar Ready Home
New Construction Retrofit Retrofit
Roof Penetration $175.50 $ - $307.50
CA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes
CALIFORNIA STATEWIDE UTILITIES CODES AND STANDARDS PROGRAM
11/2/2010
133
Solar Ready Homes – Proposed Measure
Pathway For Piping And Wiring
~ 5 additional installation labor hours required to install solar in a non-solar ready home.
Solar Ready Measure
Added Costs of Measure inSolar Ready Home
Added Costs of Measure in anon-Solar Ready Home
New Construction Retrofit Retrofit
Determine pathway for piping and wiring
$ - $ - $245.25
CA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes
CALIFORNIA STATEWIDE UTILITIES CODES AND STANDARDS PROGRAM
11/2/2010
134
Solar Ready Homes – Proposed Measure
Provide Adequate Electric Panel Capacity
•80% of homes are built with adequate electric capacity (200 amp panel)
•20% of homes do not have electric capacity (100 amp panel).
•The solar ready home will require
•20% of homes to install a 200 amp panel (incurring the incremental material costs of the 200 amp panel vs. 100 amp panel)
•The retrofit without solar ready home will require
•20 % of homes to remove of the existing panel and install a new 200 amp panel
Solar Ready Measure
Added Costs of Measure inSolar Ready Home
Added Costs of Measure in a non-Solar Ready Home
New Construction Retrofit Retrofit
Provide adequate electric capacity
$ 117.00 $ - $404.00
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Solar Ready Homes – Proposed Measure
Ensure Spare Electric Breaker Space
•25% of homes are built with spare breaker space for PV
•75% of home require upgrading to a larger breaker panel for solar PV
•Solar ready home accounts for the difference between two equally sized panels with extra breakers.
•Retrofit without solar ready home requires labor for the removal of the existing panel and the installation and cost of a panel for the 50% of homes.
Solar Ready Measure
Added Costs of Measure inSolar Ready Home
Added Costs of Measure in a non-Solar Ready Home
New Construction Retrofit Retrofit
Ensure electric breakers available
$15.00 $ - $1,010.00
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Solar Ready Homes – Proposed Measures
Solar Ready Home Recommended Measure Cost Summary
136
Retrofit with Retrofit without
Solar Ready Home Solar Ready Home
Solar Ready Measure New Construction Retrofit RetrofitReserved roof area for collectors $ - $ - $245 Roof design to minimize shading $ - $ - $? Provide smoke ventilation & fire access for solar roof area $ - $ - $50 Accommodate additional structural load of collectors $ - $ - $600 Determine pathway for piping and wiring $ - $ - $245 Provide adequate electric capacity $117 $ - $404
Ensure electric breakers available $15 $ - $1,010 Total $132 $ - $2,555 Savings $2,423CA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes
CALIFORNIA STATEWIDE UTILITIES CODES AND STANDARDS PROGRAM
11/2/2010
Solar Ready Homes – Proposed Measures
Lifecycle Cost Analysis
● All new homes will incur solar-ready measure
costs.
● 101,696 projected single family housing starts in
2013
● Exclude “ready” costs from ~0.5% homes that
would install solar at construction
● 101,187 housing starts in 2013 incurring solar
ready costs
● 101,187 x $132/home = $13,300,000
● Note: costs are for the PV-ready measures only per
previous slide
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Solar Ready Homes – Proposed Measures
Lifecycle Cost Analysis
● Over the 30 year home life, PV penetration
will increase from ~2% to over 12% of total
construction*
● 2% increase
● ~ 2,000 homes retrofitting solar
● ~$4,900,000 installation cost savings statewide
● 12% increase
● ~ 12,200 homes retrofitting solar
● ~$29,420,000 installation cost savings statewide
138
Source: National Renewable Energy Laboratory, “Modeling the US Rooftop PV Market,” 09/2010
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Solar Ready Homes – Proposed Measures
Lifecycle Cost Analysis
● Additional 5% increase in PV output due to improved orientation of PV Systems Retrofitted in Solar Ready Homes
● 2% increase
● ~ 2,000 homes retrofitting solar
● 600,000 – 800,000 kWh/year
● $156,000 – $208,000/year
● 12% increase
● ~ 12,200 homes retrofitting solar
● 3,660,000 - 4,880,000 kWh/year
● $951,600 - $1,268,000/year
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Solar Ready Homes – Proposed Measures
Lifecycle Cost Analysis
● Market Penetration Projections for
solar water heating being refined
● Note: no “solar-ready” construction costs
for solar-water heating related items
● Gas savings ~ 22,000 Therms/year at
max. penetration (12%)
140
CA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes
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Solar Ready Homes
Forthcoming Work
● Refine and validate “solar ready” measures
● Update PV and SDHW Cost Savings for new
weather formats and TDV
● Refine PV and SDHW installation projections
● Refine lifecycle savings
● Update and refine code language
141
CA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes
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Solar Ready Homes – Proposed Measures
Strawman Solar Ready HomesCode Language
142
SUBCHAPTER 7 (LOW-RISE RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS –MANDATORY FEATURES AND DEVICES),
SECTION 150 – MANDATORY FEATURES AND DEVICES
(q) Solar Ready – Homes shall be equipped with the following provisions to facilitate cost effective installation of solar water heating (SDHW) and photovoltaic (PV) systems at a later date.
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1. Provision of Dedicated Roof Area for Solar Systems
A. One of the following roof area allocations shall be provided:
• A single [250-350] ft2 of roof section facing [within 30o of true South] or [between 150o to 270o] shall be reserved for future installation of solar collectors.
• This roof area can be divided into two contiguous rectangular sections, with the smallest section having an area of no less than 80 square feet, and both sections meeting the orientation requirements.
• Two orthogonal [250-350] ft2 roof sections without any orientation requirements reserved for future installation of solar collectors.
Solar Ready Homes – Proposed Measures
Strawman Solar Ready HomesCode Language
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1. Provision of Dedicated Roof Area for Solar Systems (cont.)
B. The roof area(s) shall be kept clear of attic vents, plumbing vents, equipment, and other obstructions.
C. The roof area(s) should not be shaded by adjacent architectural features.
• Any vent, chimney, or other architectural protuberance shall be a minimum distance of twice the protuberance height from the reserved roof area(s).
• Exception: Any vent, chimney, or other architectural protuberance at an higher roof elevation than the solar area
D. The roof area(s) shall be designed according to section 2 of the California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection Office of the State Fire Marshal Solar Photovoltaic Installation Guideline, which provides for roof access and smoke ventilation.
Solar Ready Homes – Proposed Measures
Strawman Solar Ready HomesCode Language
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1. Provision of Dedicated Roof Area for Solar Systems (cont.)
E. The roof structure shall be designed to accommodate an additional load of 5 lbs/sqft to accommodate solar collectors.
F. The dedicated roof area shall be clearly marked on the drawings and blueprints, and the drawings should state that the roof can accommodate an additional load of 5 lbs/sqft of solar equipment in the designated area roof area.
Solar Ready Homes – Proposed Measures
Strawman Solar Ready HomesCode Language
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2. Provision of Pathway for Plumbing and Wiring for Solar Systems
A.A pathway for routing electrical lines from the dedicated solar roof area to the electrical distribution panel shall be clearly marked on the drawings and blueprints. This pathway shall not be obstructed by plumbing lines, electrical wires, or other obstructions. This pathway should be readily accessible at a later date. The documented pathways may run on the interior or exterior of the building.
B.A pathway for routing plumbing lines from the dedicated solar roof area to the water heater location shall be clearly marked on the drawings and blueprints. This pathway shall not be obstructed by plumbing lines, electrical wires, or other obstructions. This pathway should be readily accessible at a later date. The documented pathways may run on the interior or exterior of the building.
Solar Ready Homes – Proposed Measures
Strawman Solar Ready HomesCode Language
CA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes
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Solar Ready Homes – Proposed Measures
Strawman Solar Ready HomesCode Language
147
3. Electric Panel Capacity
A. Electric panel capacity shall have at minimum a bus-bar rated at 200 Amps.
B. The electric panel shall have reserved space for the future installation of two additional breakers for the solar photovoltaic installation.
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Solar Ready Homes
QUESTIONS & COMMENTS
?Jon Roberts
949-428-6285
California Statewide Utility Codes and Standards Program
149
Solar Oriented DevelopmentsSolar Stakeholder Meeting #2
Jon Roberts
CTG Energetics
November 2, 2010
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Solar Oriented Development
Outline
● Status
● Potential Code Proposals
● Solar Oriented Development Drivers
● Roof Orientation on Solar Performance
● Roof Complexity
● Lot Orientation
● Remaining Work
● Questions & Comments
CA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes
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Status
● Preliminary analysis of PV & Solar
Water Heating Impacts for existing
communities.
● Will be updates with new weather and
TDV Impacts
● Awaiting release of Calres2 for
building impacts analysis
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Potential Code Change Proposals
● Prescriptive measure in reach-code (CALGreen energy efficiency or CALGreen Siting section)
● New developments must meet specific building/lot orientation goals
● Performance tradeoffs allowed● Street orientation impacts
● Lot orientation impacts
● Building orientation impacts
● Landscaping impacts
● Engages a new set of stakeholders● Developers, Planners
CA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes
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EXAMPLES OF SOLAR-ORIENTED COMMUNITIES
Solar System Performance
153
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Village Homes, Davis, CASolar Oriented Community
154
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Premier Oaks (ZNE Community)
155
80%
82%
84%
86%
88%
90%
92%
94%
96%
98%
100%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
% o
f M
ax
imu
m P
V O
utp
ut
Cumulative Frequency
Premier Oaks PV Performance
Average = 96.1%
CA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes
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EXAMPLES OF NON SOLAR-ORIENTED COMMUNITIES
156
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Evergreen, Orange County
157
70%
75%
80%
85%
90%
95%
100%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
% o
f M
ax
imu
m P
V O
utp
ut
Cumulative Frequency
Evergreen PV Performance
Average = 86.2%
CA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes
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PV Systems on Homes are Non-Optimal
158
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 360
Nu
mb
er
of
Ho
use
s
An
nu
al
PV
Ou
tpu
t (k
Wh
)
Azimuth
Evergreen Performance Overview
House
Quantity
PV Output
(5:12 Pitch)
Average
Performance
SEN W N
100%
80%
60%
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PV Performance Improvements for Solar Orientated Developments
159
78%
80%
82%
84%
86%
88%
90%
92%
94%
96%
98%
100%
% o
f M
ax
imu
m P
V O
utp
ut
Improvements in 160-220 Degree Regulation
Regulated
Baseline
Regulated
Average
Baseline
Average
CA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes
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Street Orientation Does Not Necessarily Need To Be E/W
160
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Roof Complexity is Not Necessarily a Limitation
161
84%
86%
88%
90%
92%
94%
96%
98%
100%
0 1 2 3 4 5
Ave
rage
PV
Pe
rfo
rman
ce
Average Roof Complexity
Roof Complexity v. Performance
CA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes
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Roof Pitch Impacts
162
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
0
200
400
600
800
1000
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1400
0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 360
Nu
mb
er
of
Ho
use
s
An
nu
al
PV
Ou
tpu
t (k
Wh
)
Azimuth
Village Homes Performance Overview
House
Quantity
PV Output
(3:12 Pitch)
PV Output
(4:12 Pitch)
PV Output
(5:12 Pitch)
PV Output
(6:12)
Average
Performance
SEN W N
100%
80%
60%
CA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes
CALIFORNIA STATEWIDE UTILITIES CODES AND STANDARDS PROGRAM
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Forthcoming Work
● Building energy impacts analysis using
Calres2
● Updated PV and solar thermal impacts
incorporating new TDV and weather
● Update and refine code language
163
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Solar Oriented Developments
QUESTIONS & COMMENTS
?Jon Roberts
949-428-6285