Introduction
Present lithium-ion batteries are mostly based on the
use of LCO/NCM/NCA as active cathode material
and graphite as anode.
Present electrolytes are liquid (lithium salt in organic
solvent mixture).
Use of halogen compounds and interactions of
electrolyte with electrode materials have arised
environmental and safety concern from the battery
use and recycling viewpoint.
Aims
Development of novel concept of sustainable solid-
state lithium-ion battery
Development and optimization of the cathode and
anode materials
Development and improvement of inorganic
electrolytes
Development bio-based ionic-liquid composite
electrolytes and electrolyte additives
New methods for electrode printing and cell
assembly
Overall, the aim is to strengthen universities
competence in the lithium-ion battery value chain
(see Figures 2 and 3).
Conclusions Research aims to assembly a battery prototype with NCM cathode, graphite anode
and inorganic/organic solid electrolyte.
Electrodes and electrolyte are prepared by printing.
References
1. E. Bekaert, L. Buannic, U. Lassi, A. Llordés, J. Salminen, Electrolytes for Li- and Na-Ion Batteries: Concepts, Candidates, and the
Role of Nanotechnology, Springer 2017.
2. J. Liang et al. Energy Storage Mat. 21 (2019) 308-334.
3. J. Dong, M. Hietaniemi, J. Välikangas, T. Hu & U. Lassi, Modified layered oxide cathode materials for LIBs, RSC publication, 2019.
Acknowledgements
Authors acknowledge companies for intensive co-operation.
SolBat – Sustainable Solid-State Lithium-ion Batteries
Fig. 1. Operation principle of traditional lithium-ion
battery. [1]
Fig. 4. Solid-state electrolytes in LIBs. [2]
Fig. 2. Battery value chain from battery minerals and chemicals to battery
modules and end use.
Fig. 6. Principle of making printed electrolytes (T. Fabritius).
Project implementation UOulu/Suschem: Preparation of active electrode
materials and cell assembling (Figs 5 and 7)
UOulu/FPE: Preparation of inorganic electrolytes
UOulu/Optoelectronics: Printed electrolytes (Fig 6)
LTU: IL-based composite electrolytes and electrolyte
additives
Co-in cell assembling and battery testing (Fig 8)
Fig. 7. Active anode material for LIBs. [3]
Fig. 5. Active cathode material for LIBs.
Fig. 8. Cell assembling and testing in the
laboratory [3]
Ink/Paste
Anode/CathodeSolvent/binder
Electrolyte
Solvent
removal
Post-
treatment
University of Oulu, Research Unit of Sustainable Chemistry,
Optoelectronics Research unit, Fibre and Particle Engineering Research unit,
Oulu, Finland
Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden
Fig. 3. SolBat project idea.