Implementation of a low carbon systems based approach in domestic new build and retrofits.

Wednesday 19th November 2014

Solcer/LCBE

Solcer/LCBE

Contents

• Introduction to Solcer and the LCBE projects;

• The Systems based approach – supply – storage – demand;

• Implementing the systems based approach:• Retrofitting the existing built environment;• Replicable low cost new housing.

• Feedback from industry – GB-Sol involvement and experience.

Solcer/LCBE

Implementing existing and emerging low carbon technologies through a systems based approach at different scales:• building, • community, • local authority/regional.

Why?• Demonstrate new technologies;• Learn lessons about the drivers and barriers preventing the large scale roll out; • Secure wider implementation of systems – drive innovation;• Reducing carbon emissions; • Provide a more secure energy supply system for Wales;• Providing opportunities for developing a stronger low carbon industry in Wales.

ElectricalThermal

Solcer

Analyse the potential for a systems based approach through case studies

Solcer

Project team Wide range of expertise from:

• Welsh School of Architecture, Cardiff University;• Computer Science/School of Engineering , Cardiff University;• College of Engineering, Swansea University;• Centre for Solar Energy Research Centre, Glyndwr University;• Sustainable Energy Research Centre, University of South Wales.

Includes experts in building modelling, power electronics, computer science, marine modelling, urban scale modelling, building engineers, architects, supply technology development, energy storage technology development.......

Solcer

WP1 – Demand - GlyndwrDevelopment and testing of improved efficiency CSER PV modules. Design, implementation and monitoring of DC test system within non-domestic context providing solutions for switching solutions

WP2 – Storage – USWExplore and develop options for energy storage at different scales, i.e. building, community and grid. Consider heat and electrical flows, supply and demand profiles, diversity and control issues, and socio-economic factors.

WP3 – Demand – SwanseaConsider demand profiles. Address heat and electrical demand, options for metering and demand diversification and the associated socio-economic factors. Investigate potentially novel techniques to communicate with and control loads / the low-voltage side of the distribution grid / storage networks.

WP4 – Integration - CardiffCombining building simulation, systems integration, building monitoring, demand shifting, urban scale and the inclusion of marine within energy systems.

Solcer

Project teamWide range of partnerships developed:

• Tata Steel• Panasonic• Links Electrical• ITM Power• GB-Sol• Cenin Ltd• Wall Lag Ltd• Warm Wales• Wales and West Housing• Rhondda Housing• Blaenau Gwent County Borough Council• Atkins• South Western Power• Scottish and Southern Energy

Technology suppliers

Building/site owners/operators

Advisors

Solcer

Installed and monitored to investigate technical and broader issues associated with the systems based approach.

Test rigs

Low Carbon Built Environment

Community Energy Demand and Renewable Supply

50 house estate, October

Heating demand

Electric demand

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PV potential supply @ 10m² / house

Wind potential supply @ 4x50 kW turbines

Components Buildings Urban Regional

Low Carbon Built Environment

WP1 - Tata Steel - Energy Generating Building Envelopes

WP2 – Swansea University - Design and Implementation of Energy Efficient Lighting Solutions

WP3 – BRE - Welsh Timber for Construction

WP4 – WSA - Low Carbon Building Design Solutions

WP5 – WSA - Urban Scale Demand and Supply

WP6 – WSA/Cardiff Metropolitan - Monitoring Low Carbon Buildings

WP7 – WSA - Innovation, Technology Deployment and Market Development

80% of buildings occupied in 2050 have already been built

New build rate - 5,700 in Wales in 2013/2014

New build and Retrofit case studiesSystems Approach for Housing

Aim• Provide affordable, replicable very low energy buildings;

• integrate technologies into the building structure rather than the traditional ‘bolt on’approach;

• optimise a holistic energy system by combining:• reduced energy demand;• building integrated renewable energy supply;• energy storage for both thermal and electrical energy.

• fundamental components will be:• Sourced, as far as reasonably practicable, from Welsh manufacturers and will be used as a

demonstration of advanced Welsh construction technologies;• Designed to be affordable and replicable for small to medium size enterprises.

• designed to use a very low amount of energy to provide a comfortable environment foroccupants.

New build and Retrofit case studiesSystems Approach for Housing

The need for retrofit

• Up to 25% of UK households, and an estimated 41% in Wales, live in fuel poverty.

• Improved comfort, can cancel out 50% of energy saving measures.

• Substandard housing estimated to cost the National Health Service £2.5 billion a year.

• Empty properties in poor condition – unable to ‘let’.

• 94% of pre 1919 dwellings in UK are privately owned or rented.

• 32% of pre 1919 houses in council tax band A for England and Wales.

UK Building Stock

UK housing stock, 2005

Retrofit of existing homes

Retrofit for the Future - TSB

• Solar thermal collectors (2.88m2);

• ground source heat pump;

• 2kWhp Photovoltaic panels;

• Internal wall insulation;

• Loft insulation;

• Triple glazed windows;

• Simple heating controls;

• MVHR;

• Extended living space. 74% reduction in energy use, cost £70,000.

Retrofit of existing homes

Cost versus savingsLow cost low savings, high cost – higher savings

Retrofit of existing homes

SHALLOW ELEMENT <£20,000

DEEP WHOLE HOUSE

£70,00 +

Retrofit of existing homes

Shifting the CO2 saving vs cost curve

Retrofit of existing homes

Retrofit of existing homes - 5 properties

Criteria for selection of properties:• Range of ages;• Replicability – similar buildings in stock;• Orientation;• Tenant acceptability of work.

Objectives of retrofit:• Demonstration of systems approach;• Demonstration of reduced cost retrofit;• Carbon savings;• Benefit ‘owner’ of property – cost savings, improved quality of

property;• Benefit to householder – comfort, cost savings.• No need for planning, allow resident to remain in property

1 Galltcwm Terrace, Bryn

Retrofit of existing homes

Retrofit of existing homes

ORIGINAL PROPERTY CONDITION

• Pre 1900’s

• Solid Stone Construction

• UPVC Single Glazed Windows

• Inefficient Gas Combi Boiler

• No Flat Roof/Loft Insulation

• No Fabric Insulation

• Location

• Construction type

• Likely occupancy patterns

• Historical Weather Data

Considerations for

Simulation Condition

Retrofit of existing homes

TypeWall

Insulation

Window

Type

Air

Tightness

Heating

kWh Per annum

Heating

kWh/m2Energy

Savings

BeforeSolid wall1.98 W/m2.K

Single

Glazing4.80 W/m2.K

0.73 ACH 12,981 196.7 0%

AfterSolid wall

with EWI0.32 W/m2.K

Low E

Double

Glazing2.0 W/m2.K

0.38 ACH 3,224 48.8 75%

1 Galltcwm Terrace – Heating energy savings

Retrofit of existing homes

Retrofit of existing homes

1 Galltcwm Terrace – Electrical energy savings

Type Lighting PV Electricity kWhElectricity

kWh/m2Energy

Savings

Before Incandescent None 3,790 57.4 0%

After LED 2.5 kWp 1,125 17.0 70%

Retrofit of existing homes

Fabric• EWi PRO Gutter System• Flat Roof/Loft Insulation• A Rated UPVC Double Glazed Windows

Systems• GB-SOL 2.5 kWp Roof Integrated Photovoltaic Array with Battery Storage; • EWI Pro External Wall Insulation with AeroGel Insulation on Reveals; • EnviroVent Whole House Mechanical Ventilation with Heat Recovery. • New A Rated Gas System Boiler• New Water Tank – using surplus PV (can’t sell back to grid)• Climote - Wireless Smart Heating Controls• DC Power• LED Lighting Circuit

Retrofit of existing homes

Building Integrated PV Roof tiles not required

Retrofit of existing homes

MVHR systemImproved comfort for householders.

Retrofit of existing homes

Redesign of detail – implementation of improved technologies

Retrofit of existing homes

Detail – implementation of improved technologies

Aerogel at window reveals –reduces cold bridging around windows

Pre and post test surveys• Fabric performance• Occupant perceptions• Appliance use diaries• Monitoring of construction costs• Measurement of thermal comfort• Indoor air quality• Local weather conditions• Energy demand, supply and storage

Retrofit of existing homes

Retrofit of existing homes

living room 2 living room 1

Kitchen

PV, Main Electricity

Water

Temp and RH

Temp and RH

Temp and RH

Ext Temp and RHSolar radiation

Wind speed and directionRainfall

Atmospheric pressure

CO2

Fabric heat flux

Sub meters

Electricity

Battery-USB Plug

Main gas

Globe Temp

Retrofit of existing homes

Climote – wireless smart heating controls – phone,

online or text

Electricity / Water / Gas

Consumption Battery Status

Retrofit of existing homes

Cost of works – Galltcwm Terrace

System Component Cost Proportion

MVHR £3,000 11.0%

Insulation £9,740 35.6%

PV Assisted System Boiler £3,800 13. 9%

LED Lighting £150 0.5%

Photovoltaic Roof £7,180 26.3%

Battery Storage £3,460 12.7%

Total £27,330 100%

Retrofit of existing homes

Recovering voids back into the housing stock

Improved housing condition and neighbourhoods

Retrofit of existing homes

Presenting work to local stakeholders

Further retrofits

In partnership with Wales and West Housing

Retrofit of existing homes

• Raise the bar in property specific retrofit solutions – learn from experiences;

• Modelling tool breaks down each proposed measure demonstrating benefit;

• Tackle long term problem void property and bring back into use;

• Opportunity to match up current best practise alongside innovative technologies;

• Continued monitoring of the properties and the performance of measures.

4 further retrofits underway

Retrofit of existing homes

1970s semi detached 2000s semi detached Pre 1919 mid terrace 1930s mid terrace

Integrated PV roof3kW

Variable Battery storage

Integrated PV roof4.5kW

Integrated PV roof2kW

Integrated PV roof

InsulationLED lightingMVHRCombi boilerRadical radiatorsControls

LED lightingSystem boilerI-boost immersionRadical radiatorsControls

InsulationLED lightingMVHRCombi boilerRadical radiators

New Build

New Build

Located at Cenin Renewable Ltd, StormydownNear Bridgend

Site with Low Carbon ethos

Energy production - Multi level PV, Wind, anaerobic digestion.

Advanced manufacturing – low carbon cement

New Build

Demonstration/training centre and offices – BREEAM excellent;

Replicable low cost dwelling – Building Regulations compliant;

100m2

New Build

Project partners/suppliersConstruction Manager – Roman Projects;

Building Control – Butler and Young;

Integrated PV roof – GB-Sol and AP Electrical;

Windows – Pilkington glass and Vellacine;

SIPS panels – SIPS Wales and Towy Projects;

Total home environment/Genvex

Insulated render - BASF;

Transpired Solar Collector and Standing seam roof – Central Roofing South Wales;

Battery system – final decision being made;

New Build

New Build

Assessment of energy needsTotal demand - 11.7 KWh/day

35% Autonomy - Lighting, Portable Units, Computerso Total demand (35% autonomy) - 4.9 KWh/dayo Number of batteries needed - 2

65% Autonomy - Lighting, Portable Units, Computers, Cold App. Audio/visuals, Small App.o Total demand - 11.7 KWh/dayo Total demand (65% autonomy) - 7.6 KWh/dayo Number of batteries needed - 8

100% Autonomy - Lighting, Portable Units, Computers, Cold App. Audio/visuals, Small App., Cooking, Wet App., DHWo Total demand - 11.7 KWh/dayo Total demand (100% autonomy) - 11.7 KWh/dayo Number of batteries needed - 24

New Build

Structural Insulated Panels (SIPS)• Prefabricated construction.

• Sandwiching foam insulation between two outer, structural panels of wood.

• Tests show SIPs to be very energy efficient and easier and faster to erect than traditional site-built houses.

New Build

Integrated PV roof and storage

• 4.3kW glazed integrated PV roof;

• Provides attractive but insulated internal environment;

• PV to supply domestic needs. If no demand, battery willbe charged for use when energy not being generated.

• Enable householder to use what is generated.

• 5kW battery system to be incorporated.

New Build

Transpired Solar Collectors

• 17m2 Transpired Solar collector;

• Options for zoning in future if area too large.

New Build

Whole House Heat Pump

Genvex Combi 185 LS EC;

Provides heat recovery ventilation, domestic hot water and additional heating.

Satisfy Building Regulations;

Maximise the levels of comfort and heat recovery ventilation together with the provision of domestic hot water.

Pre-heat from TSC.

New Build

Monitoring

Technical performance of components – detailed energy losses, performance of components and how the system functions together;

Influence on comfort and quality of environment – quality of lighting, thermal conditions;

Cost – capital, installation, maintenance, operation.

New Build

System Component Typical cost Cost Solcer house

Ground works £13,800 £10,349

Structural works £23,045 £46,080

External works £28,197 £20,160

System works £15,067 £31,680

Interior works £24,470 £18,720

Fixtures and fittings £20,457 £15,840

Total £125,040 £144,000

Costs – aimComparable with standard house of £125,040 or £1,042/m2 exc VAT

New Build

Impacts and future• Create jobs;• Training opportunities;• Work with industry – further knowledge, drive innovation;• Reduce emissions and improve environmental performance;• Stimulate the low carbon market in Wales, bring cost down.• Increase demonstration scale – community.• Investigate broader drivers and barriers for systems based approach.

Thank you!

Project staffSolcerEster Coma BassasEnrico CrobuHeledd IorwerthHuw JenkinsXioajun LiKenan ZhangTracey BoothRachel Jones

LCBEElizabeth DoeRichard Hall Rhian Williams

Thank you!

Websites

Solcer – www.solcer.org

LCBE – www.lcbe.cardiff.ac.uk

GB-sol - www.gb-sol.co.uk

Contact details

Jo Patterson – Solcer project manager – patterson@cardiff.ac.uk

Simon Lannon – Solcer research fellow – lannon@cardiff.ac.uk

Bruce Cross – GB-Sol – brucecross@gb-sol.co.uk

Thank you!