Solid waste management of Dhaka city

Our Focus: To analysis the generation and

characteristic of solid waste in Dhaka city & Use of updated technologies

To discuss about source of solid waste

To discuss the management system

Introduction Dhaka is one of the most heavily occupied cities

in the world. For this reason there are huge environmental problems. Waste is widespread problem of Dhaka city.

At this moment we are concerned and have to make sure the proper utilization of waste and we have to recycle all types of waste. Recycle is the intellectual salutation of urban waste problem. Because of, if we can recycle our waste we will also financially get benefits.

Details of Waste GenerationWaste composition Bangladesh (Dhaka) %

( By weight)Food and vegetable 70

Paper product 4

Plastic 5

Metals 0.13

Glass and ceramics 0.25

Wood 0.16

Green waste 11

Moisture 5

Other 65  Source: Ahmed, M.F. & Rahman, M.M. 2000

Past, Present & Future Growth Rate Comparison of Waste

Year Population(total)

Urban population(%)

Waste rate kg/c/day

Total waste tones/day

1991 20872204 20.15 0.49 98735

2001 28808477 23.39 0.5 11695

2004 32765152 25.08 0.5 16382

2025 78440000 40 0.6 47064

Source: ADBI and ADB 2000 & Zurbrugg 2002

Classification of Wastes:source Types of solid wastes

residential Food waste, paper,cardboard,tin,glass,household waste,textiles,leathers etc.

commercial Paper,cardboard,plastic,wood,foodwaste,flass,metal,specialwasteshazardous waste etc.

Construction & demplition

Wood, steel, concrete etc.

municipal Commercial waste, park waste, special types of waste, wash besin debris etc.

industrial Industrial process waste , scrap materials, non industrial material (food waste, rubbish, ashes, special wastes, hazardous wastes)

agricultural Spoiled food waste, agricultural wastes, rubbish, hazardous wastes etc.

Tanning waste Surface acid, chromium, ammonium sulphate, calcium etc.

Tanning Waste Agricultural Waste

Resindential Waste Commercial Waste

Construction wastes Municipal Waste

Collection System of wastes:

There are two types of collection system :

1. Conventional based

2. Community based

In some residential areas like Kalabagan, Dhanmondi, Banani, Gulshan, Baridhara and Uttara, ‘house to house’ waste collection service has been organized by some private initiatives. Rickshaw vans are used for collection of waste from houses and conveying to municipal containers (Yousuf 1996, Kazi 1999, Salam 2000)

Convential Based collection System :

Final disposal

DCC truckNearest roadside bin

House holder transporting

House hold wastes

Community Based collection system :

Final disposalDCC truck

Primary transport point

Primary collectorMedia vehicle

House hold waste

DCC Management: Dhaka city corporation (DCC) are mainly maintaining this

responsibility.DCC separated it’s area into 10 zones for supervising of solid waste production.

The total solid waste management involves 3 departments namely conservancy, transport and mechanical engineering

DCC conservancy department currently holds 370 trucks and container carriers, 4,920 bin/container and 300 handcarts per day

It is supported by 7,156 cleaners/ sweepers and 190 supervising officers and only 1 officer to supervise transports, for all desired activities

Total waste generation and its distribution by sourceData source

Solid waste generationTons/day

Residential (%)

Commercial(%)

Industrial(%)

Hospital(%)

Street(%)

MMI 1991a

1300 46.8 17.3 12.9 0.5 22.6

PAS 1997a

3000-5000

46.7 20.17 26.7 6.70 --

RSWC 1998a

1200-1600

47.0 17 13.5 0.5 22

BCAS 1998b

2398 81.9 13.9 2.31 1.87 --

DCC 1999

3500 49.0 21 24.0 6 --

Final Disposal /Dumping:

There are six dumping sites of DCC have been abandoned:1.Khulshi 2.Amin bazar3.Gabtoli4.Lalbag shosan ghat5.Mugdhapara6.Jatrabari

At present DCC selected two new sites for dumping

1.Matuali2.Amin bazar 88% wastes are dumped in Matuali site.This site

started from 2006

Dumping process and details of Matuali site:

In previous time this site has only 50 acres but now it’s area is about 100 acers

In early days it’s height was 5 meter but now it’s height is 18 meter

JICA and DCC founded this site

Total process :

City corporation use blue color truck for collecting solid wastes from primary transfer point

Each truck has a selected identification number & DCC has a data base of every truck’s empty weight

A compute software is used for measurement of solid waste’s weight

DCC dump wastes in a selected place in every 3 months phase

After dumping the wastes a soil layer has provided

Wastes are compacted by mechanical compactor

Recycling :

There is no recycling process or plan in Matuali site

In 2015 DCC will start recycling of solid waste like plastic,glass,timber etc

Govt. has plan to produce 50 Mega watt electricity from this site

Examples of energy contents in different substrates

Substrates

KWh/Ton

Cow dung 140Manure from pipe 180Manure from poultry

450

Gras 810Wastes,fruit,vegetables

950

House hold food waste

1300

Food waste restaurant

1300

Waste from slaughter

2000

Pure carbohydrates/sugar

3900

Proteins 4900Fat 8500

Conclusion: Ultimate disposal of urban solid waste is done crudely in open dumps, lowlands or water bodies in an unsanitary manner. As a result, the surrounding environment of the dumpsites is barely hygienic. The increasing demand for landfill is also a big problem for the authority to find suitable lands for dumping wastes. At current waste generation rate the total land required per year with existing collection efficiency and 100% collection efficiency will be 141 acres and 273 acres respectively with a depth of 4 meters. Composting the organic portion of the waste can reduce this high demand for landfill site since around 74% of the total waste is organic. It is estimated that composting 50% and 74% of the total generated waste with 100% collection efficiency the area required for landfill will be reduced to 157 acres and 99 acres respectively per year with 4 meters of depth. Thus composting can reduce a significant amount of landfill load. The remaining inorganic portions can be recycled; thereby reducing the expenditure to be incurred on landfill to a minimal.

THANK YOUPrepared by :

MD. MOSFIQUR RAHMAN

ID: 11.02.03.093