PRESENTATION ON

SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

OF

BHARATPUR CITY

BY GHERZI EASTERN LIMITED

City MAP

INTRODUCTION

Bharatpur known for its world famous Keoladev National Park, Sujan Ganga and other historic monument is growing rapidly. Population growth is resulting in generation of increased quantity of solid waste. This Trend is expected to continue in near and far future also. Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) affects the overall urban environment and if not managed properly. Since the city is a tourist attraction for it historic monuments, keeping its Environment clean is all the more important.

Bharatpur Nagar Parishad (BNP) the local civic body, which is looking after solid waste management of the city. Solid waste management is an important issue as we know that solid waste thrown haphazardly and waste water ultimately find its way in the Sujan Ganga and several other small water bodies, which are scattered all over city. Sujan Ganga, which is a tourist attraction and which is presently in a polluted state, need full protection form all such polluting factors. Stopping entry of municipal solid waste in to lake will immensely help in its protection.

Continued……

Bio Medical waste is a great risk to health and safety of citizens. At present, there is no organized procedure for handling bio medical waste in the city. Some institutions are sending the waste to Alwar for disposal. Bharatpur shall have a full fledge system for separately handling bio medical waste.

It looks like that resource and capabilities of BNP are also falling short in handling the MSW. Present Population of Bharatpur is 251056 this is expected to swell to 424629 by 2026. At present city generate 111.720 T of municipal solid waste every day, which is likely to increase to 226 T/day by 2026. BNP is required to initiate steps for community participation to make its own work in solid waste management easy and smooth. Also some organizational changes and introduction of private participation in collection and transport of waste can help BNP in effectively mange the MSW.

EXISTING SWM SYSTEM

Solid Waste Management in Bharatpur is looked after by Health department of local body “Bharatpur Nagar Parishad” (BNP). Health department is headed by expert Medical officer. A small setup is in existence for looking after day to day activity of Solid Waste Management. However, available infrastructure in form of equipment, manpower and disposal site is not sufficient to meet the overall requirement of the Solid Waste Management of the city. Also, awareness in the citizens about importance of the subject is very low. As a result garbage heeps, scattered waste on the road, cattle eating plastics and other type of wastes can be seen in the town at several locations. Poor arrangement of solid waste collection, its transportation to land fill site is resulting in unhygienic conditions and spoiling aesthetics of the city. Improvement in infrastructure and changes in institutional setup are thus urgent requirements. Solid waste generation in city, existing infrastructure and institutional arrangement are discussed in subsequent sections of this report

SOLID WASTE GENERATION

As per information collected from health department & transport department of BNP, which is further confirmed by field interviews of people engaged in Solid Waste Management, at present, the quantity of the solid waste generation is 116.74 MT/D at which comprises of 22.09 T of silt from open drain, 3.01 T biomedical wastes, 86.62 Tone of organic and recycle waste 5.02 T / Day.

Sources of the solid waste are households, Streets, sidewalls, alleys, vacant lots, construction and demolition sites, remodeling, repairing sites, treatment plants, Parks, gardens, roadside trees, hospitals, clinics and nursing homes institutions and commercial establishments such as hotels, stores, restaurants, markets.

QUANTIFICATION OF SOLID WASTES

Category T/day % of TotalSWEEPING & FOLIAGE. 13.80808 11.83

Household 59.75133 51.18

Hotels and Restaurants 0.502112 0.430

Vegetable Market, Fish/meat market /Anaz Mandi

6.2764 5.38

Hospital Waste 3.012672 2.58

Industrial Waste excluding hazardous wastes 6.2764 5.38

Silt from Open drains 22.09293 18.92

Recyclable Waste 5.02112 4.30

Total 116.741 100

METHOD OF COLLECTION

1.ROAD SWEEPINGS

2.GARBAGE FROM HOUSE HOLDS

3.GARBAGE FROM MARKET AREAS

4.GARBAGE FROM HOSPITALS & NURSING HOMES:- In

general, most of the nursing homes, hospitals are not following the

practice of segregating. Storing, treatment and disposed as per the bio-

medical waste (Handling and Management) Rules, 1998

5.RECYCLABLE SOLID WASTES

STORAGE OF SOLID WASTES

For this intermediate collection following arrangement is being practiced at present

There are total 253 collecting points in the City. Out of this 136 are having closed bins and 117 locations are having open dumping arrangement. Existing system of intermediate storage is not scientifically designed. There is capacity mismatch. At several locations bins are not getting fully filled while at some locations capacity is inadequate and as a results waste is found to be overflowing and getting spread in the nearby area. Distances between bins and point of generations are large.

METHOD OF TRANSPORTATION

Sweepings and all other solid wastes that is collected in bins and in open hips is

transported to by dumper placer, compactor, tractor-trailers to notified treatment and

disposal site, which is approximately 6 km away from Bharatpur city, near Noah

Village. Loading and unloading of approximately 85% of solid wastes is manual.

There are only two automated vehicle, one dumper placer and one refuse compactor.

METHOD OF DISPOSAL

At present, solid waste collected from the city is transported to land fill site that is

located 6 km away from city Near Noah village. The site is isolated, away from

habitation and provided with a boundary wall.

Hazardous waste (biomedical waste & industrial) is not fully segregated at present as

required by Bio-Medical Handling Rule 1998 and Hazardous waste (management &

handling) Rule 1989.

A compost plant is under construction at the disposal site. Presently Waste is not given

any treatment and simply dumped at the site.

EXISTING INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENT

Over all management of Solid wastes in Bharatpur is looked after by Bharatpur Nagar

Parishad. Executive body headed by the Commissioner comprises of the Health

Officer, Chief Sanitary Officer, Sanitary Inspectors, Jamadars and Sanitary workers.

List of man power engaged in SWM work is given below

CHIEF SANITARY

INSPECTOR(CSI)

SANITARYINSPECTOR

(SI)

JAMADAR PERMANENT SAFAI

KARAMCHARI

ON CONTRACTSAFAI KARAMCHARI

1 7 45 397 200

SCOPE OF WORK

1. Update available information on the composition and volume of waste generated from domestic & commercial sources as far as required for preparation of solid waste management plan.

2. Based on detailed and updated city maps prepare collection and transportation program including vehicle routing, confirm equipments requirements & prepare specifications for tenders.

3. Based on the quality & quantity of different types of solid waste carried out a sample survey to assets option for waste reduction, recycling and the demand & market for composting.

4. Conduct surveys in major industries to ascertain their present method of waste disposal.

5. Identify waste disposal procedure of infectious wastes from hospital/nursing homes & their proposals for meeting the applicable laws.

Continued….6. Carry out environmental examination of proposed sanitary landfill sites and ensure

that all environmental clearances are obtained.7. Determine the potential for private sector participation in waste collection,

recycling, transportation and disposal.8. Prepare a comprehensive Solid Waste Management Master Plan in three phases,

for the 5th year, 10th year and 15th year for all project ULBs.9. Prepare and design packages for solid waste disposal land fill sites/dumping sites

including complete mechanical/ electrical/ civil works, to workout requirement of Solid Waste collection and transportation equipment based on solid waste master plan, specifications of equipments, procurement packages complete in all respect.

10. Propose changes in the institutional arrangements for improving collection, transportation and disposal of solid wastes including increased private sector involvement; and

11. Propose suitable steps/ measures to be taken up for solid waste management in lieu of Supreme Court decision

POPULATION PROJECTION

DESIGN YEAR POPULATION

2008 251056

2011 273916

2016 316911

2021 366799

2026 424629

WASTE QUANTITY FOR DIFFERENT PLAN PERIOD

Plan Period Waste Generation Factor

Solid Waste Qty.

Solid Waste Qty

Solid Waste Qty

Solid Waste Qty

kg/capita/d T/day Cu. M/Day T/year Cu. M/Year

2008 to 2011 0.458 125.586 295.497 45838.922 107856.288

2011 to 2016 0.482 152.710 359.318 55739.258 131151.194

2016 to 2021 0.506 185.766 437.096 67804.556 159540.132

2021 to 2026 0.532 226.024 531.821 82498.728 194114.655

PROPOSED METHODS OF PRIMARY COLLECTION OF WASTE

1. Collection of Road SweepingsFor Road sweeping, it is suggested that in congested areas 250 to 350 running meters may be given to each Safai Karamchari (SK). In less congested areas 400 to 600 running meter may be allotted to a sweeper. In low-density areas even 650 to 750 running meters of road length can be given a sweeper.

2. Door to Door collectionEach Waste Collector (WC) will be given a hand cart / tricycle with suitable no of 50 lit capacity bins. Each WC will be assigned a fixed area of and a fixed number (200 to 250) of houses for collection of waste. The local ward committee and municipality based on local conditions, fix the work norms, as they deem appropriate.

3. Collection of Waste from SlumsFor 50-house hold one set of bins shall be provided. Residents will be motivated to bring their waste to these bins and to dispose the same in the specific bins.

4. Collection Of Waste From Shops And EstablishmentsNagar Parishad will provide storage bins of the capacity of 1M3 & 2 M3 at different places and Large commercial complexes will be provided with 4.5 M3 containers.

Continued….

5. Collection Of Bio-Medical WasteBiomedical waste will be collected as per the guidelines of “Biomedical Waste (Management and Handling) Rules “1998.

6. Collection Of Hotel And Restaurant WasteEvery hotel and restaurant will keep three types of bins, one for the storage of biodegradable waste, one for recyclable waste and other for hazardous wastes.Every hotel and restaurant will make their own arrangement for the transfer of the waste material into the waste collection device i.e. Wheel barrow/ tricycle with container for collection.

7. Vegetable, Fruit, Meat & Fish Markets And Anaj Mandi Waste Arrangement shall be made to collect wastes from fruit and vegetable market daily early in the morning.Shop keepers dealing in trading meat, fish and like things shall be asked to keep close containers in their premises for collection of waste. They shall be instructed not to spread the waste in way that attracts stray animals. Waste from close container shall be given to waste collector of the area

PROPOSED STORAGE SYSTEM

IMPROVEMENT OF TRANSPORTATION OF SOLID WASTE

Solid waste collected at several location in the city is required to be transported to treatment and disposal site. Guidelines of Solid Waste Management Act in respect of transportation is given below•Vehicle used for transportation of wastes shall be covered. Waste should not be visible to public nor exposed to open environment preventing their scattering. The following criteria shall be met :•The storage facilities set up by Municipal authorities shall be daily attended for cleaning of wastes.•Collection and transportation vehicles shall be so designed such that multiple handling of wastes, prior to final disposal is avoided.

Transportation system for solid waste management is designed keeping above requirement in mind

REQUIREMENT OF VEHICLES FOR DESIGN PERIOD 2011-2016

Type Of Vehicles NO Trips Per Vehicle

Carrying Capacity of Vehicle T

Total Amount T/Day

Total Carrying Capacity T/Day

Total Waste Generated

T/Day

Compactor 3 1 7T 21 Design Period

(2008-2011) + (2011-2016) = 140 T + 41 T =

181 T

152.710Truck with hydraulic lift

2 4 5T 20

Total 41

Loader backhoe machine @15.0

1 - - - - -

List of Bins propose by Nagar Parishad Bharatpur.

TYPE OF BINS NO CARRYING CAPACITY OF BIN

Litter Bins (twin bin) 200 150 LitBins 150 1.1 CumBins 15 3 Cum

TOTAL 365

PROCESSING OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE

In Indian condition it has been found that biological processing of the MSW are cost effective.

Biological ProcessingA. Composting

Composting is the process of bio-chemical conversion of organic matter into humus (lignoprotiens) by mesophilic and thermophilic organisms.

On the basis of the nature of composting methods are of two types:1.Aerobic Composting2.Vermi composting

Continued….

1. Aerobic CompostingOnly biodegradable organic materials can be stabilized by composting.

Properly segregated solid waste is expected to be consists of about 80-85 percent of compostable material.2. Vermi composting

In general Vermi composting consists of four main steps:Step 1: Collection of waste; separation of metal, glass, ceramics, etc. From the organic

waste; storage of the organic waste.Step 2: Earthworm beds are maintained and the earthworms are fed with the organic

waste.Step 3: After the organic waste has been worked by the earthworms, the Vermicomposting, cocoons, earthworms and the undigested material are separated.Step 4: Packaging of the vermicompost and reintroduction of undigested material into

the vermipits.One cycle takes approximately 90 days. Thus in a year 3 cycles are possible.

TREATMENT OF BIOMEDICAL WASTE

‘Bio-Medical Waste’ means any solid and/or liquid waste including its container and any intermediate product, which is generated during the diagnosis, treatment or immunization of human beings or animal or in research pertaining thereto or in the production or testing thereof.Segregating. Storing, treatment and disposal of Bio-Medical waste should be as per the Bio-Medical waste (Handling and Management) Rules, 1998

Create separate and independent system for biomedical waste treatment. Services of private entrepreneurs may be made use of in this matter.

LAND FILL PLANNING & DESIGNBasic Data

Location of the landfill site : Noah, Bharatpur

Present waste generation : 116.74 T / day

Design Life : Active period = 16 years

Duration of one trench : 2 years

Topography : Flat land

Water table : 8 m below ground surface

Sub soil : Sandy silt up to 18m below ground

surface, underlain by bedrock

Average total rainfall : 650 mm per year

Start year : 2011

Present Total solid waste generation/capita/day : 450gm/capita/day

REQUIREMENT OF LAND FILL AREA

Area of land fill site as per khasra plan is 11.24 ha. This consists of three nearby locations. Location 1 – area of land fill site is approximately 7.3 ha. Location 2 – area of land fill site is approximately 3.01 ha.Location 3 – area of land fill site is approximately 0.93 ha.Office, shed, a compost plant and internal road & drains are being developed at present by Nagar Parishad, approx. 1.7 Ha. land is used in location 1.Area required for land fill is 11.34 ha. At present available area for land fill is approximately 8.31 ha. (11.24 – 1.75 = 9.51ha.). The size of land fill is insufficient to manage the system up to the design period 2026. Due to irregular shape of present land fill site as well as land not in one piece, additional land is required in addition to 11.34 ha.

PRIVATE SECTOR PARTICIPATION

Private sector participation in Solid Waste Management in the city of Bharatpur

is recommended in the following areas:

•Door-to-door collection of waste in residential areas, vegetable market and

commercial areas.

•Private sector participation should be implemented from the year 2009 in the

following areas.

•Door to door collection.

•Transportation of waste from storage point to he disposal ground.

•Composting of the biodegradable MSW.

•From 2009 BNP should engage private agencies for transportation of at least 40 % of

the MSW. Which will reduce the capital investment of the BNP?

SCOPE OF WORK FOR COST ESTIMATE

The Scope includes construction of boundary wall, internal road, construction of one

sanitary land fill trench as per drawing enclosed, street lighting and plantation along

with boundary wall etc.

Construction of office & Compos Plant, Construction of tube well, Construction of

Weighbridge has been already constructed under the supervision of Bharatpur

Municipal Council.

COST ESTIMATES. No. Particulars Qty. Unit Rate (Rs./Unit) Amount (Rs) Total (Rs. )

A. For Primary Collection of Waste 1 Rickshaw Trollies 8 bins 39 No. 14,000.00 546,000.00  

2 Push Cart (Hand Cart) 6 bins 79 No. 9,000.00 711,000.00 3 Litter bins (Twin Bins) 150 lit capacity 314 No. 5,987.00 1,879,918.00 4 Closed container bins – 1.1 cum 145 No. 18,000.00 2,610,000.00

5 Auto Rickshaw Bins 1.1 cum.Bin Carrier 3 No 400,000.00 1,200,000.00

      Sub Total of A 6,946,918.00 6,946,918.00

B. For Secondary Collection of Waste6 Truck Mounted Refuse Compactor (14 Cum) 2 No 2,400,000.00 4,800,000.00  

7 Dumper for transportation of MSW 10 cum 1 No 1,400,000.00 1,400,000.00

8 Loader backhoe machine@15.0 1 No 2,300,000.00 2,300,000.00

9 Dumper 5 cum 1 No 1,200,000.00 1,200,000.00

      Sub Total of B 9,700,000.00 9,700,000.00

C. Land fill Site10 Development of land fill site         14,366,745.79

      Sub Total of D   14,366,745.79

D. Training And IEC Program11 Training And IEC Programe   LS   500,000.00 500,000.00

      Sub Total of E   500,000.00

        Total Estimate Rs. 31,513,663.79

  Add @ 5% for contingency & quality control etc       1,575,683.19

        Garand Total (Rs.) 33,089,346.98

THANKS