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Solution Focused Coaching
Coaching:
Is largely unregulated in the United States (voluntary credentialling )
Has different theoretical understandings, but SFBT therapists have been particularly drawn to it
Focuses on specific goals
What it is not: Therapy
Watch potential for danger - as a medical professional would see it- so some knowledge of diagnosis needed
Watch relationship to another person focus especially if unlicensed in practice act states - relationship to task is usual differentiation
What it is not: teaching or advice
giving Watch introduction of new behavior or skills - ask about spontaneous exceptions first, hedge what you do offer
What it is not: Mentoring
Watch self disclosure
Watch teaching
Avoid dual relationships
What works best
Specific task or goal
Relationship is to task
Collaborative approach
Defined desired outcome
Techniques which directly translate :
Goal setting
Visualizing the goal or thickening the description
Scaling
Noting exceptions
Homework
Techniques to use with caution:
Miracle question
Genogram
Expanding the system
These are all great techniques, but if you completely lose task focus, you may encounter legal or ethical difficulties
New Techniques:
Giving information - from multiple perspectives, without attachment
Developing step by step strategies
A Mini Example • 17 year old in alternative to suspension program for cursing teacher
• Catalyst was learning music program had been cut
• Deceased father was jazz musician; 17 year old has strong interest
• Outcomes: Mother and 17 year old worked together as team to apply him to music magnet program ( one of several options we brainstormed with them), and to produce multiple mutually exciting college plans
• Referral to family therapy at their request for grief issues
It would have been wrong (in my view):
To ignore request for family therapy and desire to talk about grief issues
Or to ignore immediate need to give 17 year old educational options and mother hope for future
In this case, dividing line between coaching and therapy relatively clear
Mother referred to her son's "advocate" and to her own desire for a "therapist"
In this case, two locations and two teams - but can be two stages of work with one person
Techniques: Relatively high level of transparency has led to use of acronyms (to follow)
Journals often kept between sessions
Brainstorming time may include resources given by coach - again, without investment, with appropriate but not excessive guidance (e.g. Website or phone number or time interpreter available)
OSKAR:
Outcome (desired) Scaling
Know-how and ResourcesAffirm and Commit to Action
Review
(Jackson & McKergow, 2007)
EARS:
Elicit positive changes
Amplify (may include resources)
Reinforce
Start again
(Berg & Szabo, 2005)
ROPE:Recall at least three times when you were the person you want to be
Organize your memories - what do these times have in common?
Present and future - what can you do now that is like that? What can you do in the future that is like that but more? (Resources)
Expand on these goals - tell others about them
(Systemic Change in Schools, 2012- note use of second person voice, also used as reflective journaling task)
It is very important:
To contract clearly
To cover issues of confidentiality
To cover issues of access (cell phone etc.)
To cover issues of payment (by the hour or by the application, or by the project - avoid guarantees)
Certification Most prevalent: As independent educational consultant (special needs or college coach)
www.iecaonline.com for credentialling; www.nacanet.org for networking alone
50 visits; 35 students advised; master's; 3 years experience for full certification (IECA)
Associate and student membership
But who hires a college coach?
26 percent of parents with a high achieving high school aged child (defined as 1150 on the SAT and above) (Newsweek September 2010)
160,000 in 2009 (NYT 2/29/2012)
Rapid growth projected
Consider also parents with lower achieving and special needs children, and adults returning to school or graduate school
Career Coach
www.ncda.org
Masters degree - apply through ACA
Extra credentials for licensed therapists and for experience
Also welcomes college counselors
Life Coach? www.ccpcprofessionals.com - in Canada - solution focused coach
www.coachfederation.org - either graduate from ICF accredited program or submit portfolio including videotape - experience first
Buyer beware: many sites sell expensive training programs disguised as credentials; also, this is most "suspect"area due to similarity to therapy
Most accepted when practiced by licensed therapist
Future Directions Health and wellness coaches - Institute of Coaching at McLean Hospital/Harvard Medical School (www.instituteofcoaching.org) - interest only requirement
Image consultants - www.aici.org - exam including color theory and fashion history
Business coach - www.wabccoaches.com - usually business degree required
Executive and leadership coaches - moving into life coach type area - see www.coachfederation.org
For general SFBT practitioner training, see www.sfbta.org
And?
Opportunity and also Warning
Psychology Today listing experience - certificate alone
Reminiscent of early family therapy days
Opportunity to sidestep the medical model and to some extent diagnosis; opportunity to side step state regulation ( for a while, and that comes with dangers)
Back to cash practice and away from insurance
Interesting addition to practice
Motivational Interviewing
W.R. Miller, behavioral psychologist interested in problem drinking
Analyzed more successful therapists in program
Focus on goals and reinforcement of change talk - less focus than SFBT on interactional context and on spontaneous exceptions
Evidence based, in wide use in mandated contexts
Appreciative Inquiry: Coaching for a whole
organization www.appreciativeinquiry.case.edu
Affirmative topic choice
4 steps: Discovery (correlates with exceptions); Dream (correlates with expansions or miracle); Design (how can organization do more of what is working); Destiny (formerly delivery)
www.ovation.net to contact David Cooperrider