Solutions for Coatings, Inks, Adhesives, Elastomers and Sealants

Solutions for Coatings, Inks, Adhesives, Elastomers

and Sealants

NACURE® & K-CURE® Acid & Blocked Acid Catalysts

K-KAT®

Non-tin Catalysts for Urethanes

K-PURE® Catalysts for Epoxies

K-FLEX®

Polyols and Reactive Diluents

NACORR® Rust & Corrosion Inhibitors

K-SPERSE®

Dispersants

K-STAY® Rheology Modifiers

DEOLINK® & DEOGRIP® Specialty Silanes & Additives

DISPARLON®

Thixotropes & Surface Control Additives

King Industries Coatings Additives Division Technology Overview Since 1932, King Industries has been supplying specialty chemical products to a variety of industries that are performance driven with ever changing requirements. This is especially true for the coatings, inks, adhesives and sealant markets, the audience for this product guide. While the brochure covers our standard products, this overview has been designed to give you a summary of our areas of technical expertise and to urge you to contact us if you feel we may be of assistance for your specific product needs. CROSSLINKING CATALYSTS With over four decades of experience in catalysis, King offers the industry’s broadest spectrum of catalysts including: Acid and blocked acid (latent) catalysts for amino thermoset systems Non-tin, mercury-free catalysts for urethanes Latent and super acid catalysts for the cationic cure of epoxies Hydrophobic catalysts for the moisture cure of siloxane functional polymers POLYOLS & REACTIVE DILUENTS Unique polyester polyols based upon low molecular weight, linear, saturated aliphatic structures

with pendent hydroxyl groups Novel, low molecular weight diols with an all urethane backbone Acetoacetate functional reactive diluents CORROSION INHIBITION King offers ferrous and non-ferrous protection for a wide variety of metals and systems based on several unique platforms: Sulfonate based rust and corrosion inhibitors Modified trialzole compounds and amino acid derivatives DISPERSANT TECHNOLOGY Whether organic or inorganic pigments/fillers, King offers a variety of dispersant technologies including: Solvent free polymeric wetting and dispersing agents for solventless and epoxy systems Sulfonate based dispersants for non-aqueous, solvent-free and powder systems Organic wetting/dispersing agents for highly viscous systems such as ceramics, metal pastes

and sand-filled epoxies. RHEOLOGY MODIFIERS Unique sulfonate based modifiers for non-aqueous systems Polyamide based thixotropes for aqueous and non-aqueous Hydrophobically modified ethoxylated urethane thickeners for waterborne systems SURFACE CONTROL ADDITIVES & SILANES In addition to King’s internally developed products, the Disparlon® product line represents over 30 years of a technology alliance with Kusumoto Chemical Ltd. of Japan. The Disparlon line offers a broad range of leveling, defoaming, anti-popping and anti-cratering additives for aqueous, solvent, solventless, UV and powder systems. Similarly, King represents D.O.G Deutsche Oelfabrik of Hamburg, Germany in North America for the technical sales of their products for coatings including DEOLINK® silanes and DEOGRIP® soft feel/matting/anti-slip additives.

© All materials copyrighted 2012, King Industries, Inc., Norwalk, CT, USA

Solutions Through Chemistry

Since 1932

KING FACILITIES USA World Headquarters King Industries, Inc. Science Road Norwalk, CT 06852 Phone: 203-866-5551 Fax: 203-866-1268 E-mail: [email protected] EUROPE Technical Sales Office King Industries International, Inc. Noordkade 64 2741 EZ Waddinxveen The Netherlands Phone: +31 182-631360 Fax: +31 182-621002 E-mail: [email protected] ASIA/PACIFIC Technical Service Lab Dr. Zhiqiang He Synlico Tech (Zhongshan) Co., Ltd. 106 Chuangye Building, Kang Le Ave. Torch Development Zone, Zhongshan, China Phone: +760-88229866 Fax: +760-88229896 E-mail: [email protected]


3

K-KAT® Non-tin Catalysts for Urethanes

14

K-FLEX® Polyols & Reactive Diluents

19

K-PURE® CATALYSTS Cationic Cure of Epoxies

27


29

K-SPERSE® Wetting & Dispersing Additives

33


36

DEOLINK® & DEOGRIP® Specialty Silanes & Additives

39

DISPARLON® Thixotropes & Surface Control Additives

40

SB WB P UV

SB WB P

SB WB UV

SB WB

SB P UV

SB WB

SB WB P UV

SB WB P UV

PRODUCTS PAGE SYSTEMS

King Industries, Inc is proud to be: ISO 9001, 14001 and 18001 Certified

Visit us at: www.kingindustries.com

SB WB P

SB Solventborne

WB Waterborne

P Powder

UV UV

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Catalyst By Acid Type

Acid Type

Acid Catalysts

Blocked Catalysts

NACURE 155

NACURE 3327 NACURE 3525

NACURE X49-110

NACURE 1051 NACURE 1323 NACURE 1419 NACURE 1492 NACURE 1557 NACURE 1953

NACURE 5076 NACURE 5225 NACURE 5414 NACURE 5528 NACURE 5925

K-CURE 1040 K-CURE 1040W


NACURE XC-235


NACURE 2107 NACURE 2500 NACURE 2501 NACURE 2522 NACURE 2530 NACURE 2547

K-CURE 129B NACURE 8924 NACURE XC-194K

SO3H

C9H19HO3S

H19C9

DNNDSA Dinonylnaphthalene Disulfonic Acid

DNNSA Dinonylnaphthalene Sulfonic Acid

C9H19

SO3H

H19C9

DDBSA Dodecylbenzene Sulfonic Acid

SO3H

C12H25

p-TSA p-Toluene Sulfonic Acid

CH3

SO3H

Phosphates AAP/PAP Alkyl Acid Phosphates Phenyl Acid Phosphates

Today’s need for high solids and waterborne coatings requires greater use of high reactivity, low viscosity resins and crosslinkers. Conversion of these systems into tough, chemically resistant, high performance coat-

ings at reduced cure temperatures can be accomplished with the use of a catalyst. Acrylics, alkyds, epoxies and polyesters with reactive functional groups, such as hydroxyl carbamate, siloxane or amide can be reacted with melamine, urea and ben-zoguanamine crosslinkers. The proper use of catalysts can facilitate the crosslinking reaction resulting in the following benefits: Shorter cure schedules

Lower cure temperatures for thermoset high solids and waterborne coatings

Energy savings

Improved hardness, gloss, humidity and corrosion resistance

Improved mechanical properties King Industries continues to develop catalysts to meet the ever expanding needs of a rapidly changing market. Free Acid Or Latent Catalyst? While acid catalysts provide the fastest cure and lower curing temperatures, blocked or latent catalysts are typically chosen for systems requiring greater package stability. In addition, troublesome catalyst-pigment interaction can be reduced or eliminated with the use of blocked catalysts. As can be seen in the table which follows, King’s catalyst line is based upon a variety of acids. The middle column denotes the free acid versions while the far right column shows amine blocked or covalently bonded derivatives for applications requiring extended package stability.

E Energy Required Without Catalyst

ECAT Energy Required With Catalyst

Why Use Catalysts?

Other & Mixed Acids

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The chemical structure of the catalyst, as well as the quantity used, can have a profound impact on film proper-ties such as adhesion, corrosion resistance, flexibility and impact resistance. These observations are apparent not only among varying acid types but also among different products within the same chemical family. The type of crosslinker used will also affect the choice of catalyst. High solids and waterborne coatings are typi-cally formulated with monomeric crosslinkers such as hexa(methoxymethyl)melamine (HMMM) or mixed ether melamine; reaction of these crosslinkers with hydroxy or carbamate functional groups is best achieved with strong acid catalysts like DNNDSA or p-TSA. More reactive crosslinkers, which are more polymeric but contain high levels of -NH groups, respond better to a weaker acid such as acid phosphates or low dosages of amine blocked sulfonic acids. The table to the right, matches the type of crosslinking agent and the acid catalyst most suitable for each class.

Product Offerings

Crosslinking Agent General Acid Category

Acid Types

Fully alkylated monomeric M/F resins: Fully methylated Fully butylated Mixed ethers Urea formaldehyde resins Benzoguanamine resins Glycoluril resins

Strong Acids pKa<1

P-TSA

DNNDSA DDBSA DNNSA

Highly alkylated, high imino M/F resins Partially alkylated polymeric M/F resins

Weak Acids pKa 1-3

Phosphates Metal Salts Carboxylic

Acid

RELATIVE ACID STRENGTH: p-TSA>DNNDSA>DDBSA>DNNSA>Phosphates>Carboxylates

King offers a broad selection of catalysts to satisfy almost every possible curing parameter. Relative cure profiles for NACURE Blocked Catalysts are shown below.

Pages 3 & 4

Relative Cure Profiles for NACURE Blocked Catalystsfor Amino Crosslinked Systems

N-8924N-2530

N-2500

N-2558

N-2107

N-3327

X49-110

N-5225N-3525

N-5925

N-4575

N-5414

N-4167

N-1323 N-1953

N-1419

N-2547

N-5528

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150 155 160 165 170 175

Cure Temperature, oC

Cu

re T

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, M

inu

tes

Coil conditions up to 220C

N-1323, N-1953, N-1419, N-1557

Cure Profiles - Blocked Catalysts

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Metal Substrates

Solventborne Waterborne Can

NACURE 3525

Adhesion & Stability

Solventborne

NACURE X49-110 Package Stability

NACURE 2107

Textured Finish

Waterborne Solventborne Waterborne Waterborne Solventborne

General Industrial Coil, Appliance

Topcoats Primers

NACURE 3525

Solubility

NACURE 1051

Corrosion Resistance

NACURE 3525 &

X49-110 Package Stability

NACURE 5925*

Package Stability

NACURE 155

Moisture Resistance

NACURE 2500

Best Overall

NACURE 155

Moisture Resistance

NACURE 1323 High

Temperatures

NACURE 1419

Best Overall

NACURE 155

Best Overall

NACURE 5076*

Best Overall

NACURE 2500

Best Overall

NACURE 2500

Best Overall

NACURE 2547

Best Overall

NACURE 2558 Blister

Resistance

NACURE 3525

Adhesion

NACURE 3525

Adhesion

NACURE X49-110 &

3525 Adhesion

NACURE 2500

Rapid Cure

* Complaint FDA 21 CFR, Sec. 175.300 (b) (3) xii & Xiii (a&b)

NACURE 1051

Best Overall

NACURE X49-110 Package Stability

NACURE 1323 & 1953

High Bake Systems

NACURE 1419

Corrosion Resistance

Catalyst Selection Chart by Application

PRODUCT SELECTION: The application charts that follow can be used to arrive at good starting point product recom-mendations based upon King’ s decades of experience in catalysis. However, we strongly recommend given the complexity of the selection process and the subtle nuances of each individual product that you take advantage of our Technical Service Department who will be more than happy to assist you. They can be quickly reached either by email: [email protected] or phone: (203) 866-5551 for assistance.

DNNDSA (7) DNNSA (8) DDBSA & OTHER (9) p-TSA (10) KEY TO CATALYST TYPE - (PAGE #)

Catalyst Selection Chart by Application

Automotive

Topcoats: Basecoats & Clearcoats Primers Plastics

NACURE 5528 & 5225

Best Overall

Solventborne

NACURE 2500

Best Overall

NACURE 2547

Stability

Solventborne

NACURE 155

Best Overall

Waterborne

NACURE 3525

Solubility & Adhesion

NACURE 3525 &

X49-110 Solubility & Adhesion

NACURE 2500

Rapid Cure

NACURE 3525

Intercoat Adhesion

Waterborne

NACURE 5225

UV Durability

Solventborne Waterborne

NACURE 2500

Rapid Cure

NACURE 155

Best Overall

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Wood & Paper Substrates

Solventborne Waterborne

K-CURE 1040W

Rapid Cure

Waterborne Solventborne

Solventborne Waterborne Adhesives, Sealants

NACURE 155

Moisture Resistance

Inks

K-CURE 129B

Rapid Cure

NACURE 2530

Package Stability

NACURE 155

Moisture Resistance

K-CURE 129B

Rapid Cure

NACURE 8924

Package Stability

NACURE 3525

Adhesion

NACURE 3525

Adhesion

K-CURE 1040W

Rapid Cure

K-CURE 1040

Best Overall

K-CURE 1040W

Best Overall

K-CURE 1040

Rapid Cure

NACURE 155

Best Overall

NACURE 155

Best Overall

NACURE 155

Best Overall

K-CURE 1040

Rapid Cure

NACURE 155

Best Overall

NACURE 155

Best Overall

NACURE 1051

Moisture Resistance

Pages 5 & 6

NACURE X49-110

Best Overall

Adhesives, Sealants & Inks

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DNNDSA Blocked Catalysts

NACURE 3327

DNNDSA Isobutanol

Isopropanol

25

6.5 - 7.5

7.40

N/A

107C

Better solubility than other amine blocked DSA catalysts.

NACURE 3525

DNNDSA Isobutanol

Isopropanol 25 7.0 - 8.5 7.65 10 max 120C

Better solubility than X49-110, slower curing. Good salt spray resistance and adhesion.

NACURE X49-110

DNNDSA Isobutanol

Isopropanol 25

6.5 - 7.5

7.55

10 max

90C

Best overall properties. Excellent water and corrosion resistance, and adhesion.

DNNDSA Acid Catalysts

PRODUCT Acid Type Volatile

% Active

Acid # or pH

lbs./gal. Gardner Color

Minimum Cure*

Attributes/Uses

NACURE 155

DNNDSA Isobutanol

55

112-116

8.16

12 max.

RT

General purpose catalyst. Excel-lent water, detergent and salt spray resistance.

DNNDSA Catalysts

Advantages of Dinonylnaphthalene Disulfonic Acid (DNNDSA) catalysts include: Excellent adhesion properties Superior corrosion & moisture resistance Detergent resistance Excellent for solventborne and waterborne

coatings ADHESION TESTS A polyester/HMMM general industrial enamel catalyzed with blocked DNNDSA catalyst NACURE X49-110 demonstrates (in the chart below) its superior crosshatch adhesion performance compared to a blocked p-TSA catalyst at a 150°C cure schedule. Enamels were applied to iron phosphated and untreated aluminum panels. Property DNNDSA

N X49-110 P-TSA

(25%, Amine)

Cure Schedule: 15 minutes @ 150°C

Pencil Hardness H-2H 2-3H

Adhesion to Phosphated CRS

96% 24%

Property DNNDSA NACURE 3525

DDBSA (Blocked Cat.)

Pencil Hardness H-2H H-2H

Pendulum Hardness 116 116

Adhesion to Untreated Aluminum

90% 20%

Cure Schedule: 15 minutes @ 150°C

The adhesion advantages of DNNDSA are also evident when compared to DDBSA. A significant improvement was observed when crosshatch adhesion tests were conducted on untreated aluminum panels

* Cure Schedule: 30 minutes - Resin/Urea (60/40 ratio), ** PMT - Peak Metal Temperature

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DNNSA Catalysts

Catalysts based on Dinonylnaphthalene (Mono) Sulfonic Acid (DNNSA) offer the following advantages: Hydrophobic catalyst Excellent corrosion resistance Overbake resistance Excellent resistance to telegraphing Excellent substrate wetting properties Help reduce conductivity in coating Excellent for primers and coil coating

applications

NACURE 1051*

DNNSA 2-Butoxyethanol

50

60-64

8.16

N/A

125C

Best water and corrosion resistance. Recommended for high temperature applications on metal.

DNNSA Acid Catalyst


% Active

Acid # or pH


Minimum* Cure

Attributes/Uses

NACURE 1323

DNNSA Xylene

21

6.8 - 7.5

7.43

N/A

150C

High temperature applications. Excellent solubility in aromatic and aliphatic solvents.

NACURE 1419

DNNSA Xylene/MIBK

30

N/A

7.74

N/A

150C

Electrostatic spray. High bake applications for water, detergent and salt spray resistance.

NACURE 1557

DNNSA Butanol

2-Butoxyethanol

25

6.5 - 7.5

7.56

N/A

150C

Resolves solvent popping in thick films. Excellent humidity and detergent resistance.

NACURE 1953

DNNSA Butanol

2-Butoxyethanol

25

6.5 - 6.9

7.48

N/A

150C

High bake amino crosslinked systems such as coil coatings and metal decorating.

DNNSA Blocked Catalysts

0.32% p-TSA 0.9% DNNSA

* Cure Schedule: 30 minutes - Resin/Urea (60/40 ratio) Pages 7 & 8

* NACURE 1051 is an excellent catalyst for anodic acrylic electrocoating.

In the photographs above, resistance to telegraphing of surface imperfections over oily substrates is demonstrated. A skin cream containing oil was applied to the hand and imprinted onto the steel test panel prior to coating with a high solids acrylic enamel. DNNSA catalysis improves wetting and reduces telegraphing of metal surface variations.

Both DNNSA and DNNDSA Catalysts offer superior corrosion resistance over other acid types such as p-TSA as shown to the right. Photos of 300 hours salt spray.

Blocked p-TSA Blocked DNNSA

Resistance to Telegraphing

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DDBSA Catalysts & Other Blocked Acid Catalysts

DDBSA Acid Catalyst


% Active

Acid # or pH


Minimum Cure*

Attributes/Uses

NACURE 5076

DDBSA Isopropanol

70

130-140

8.27

4

RT

Complies with FDA 21 CFR, Sec. 175.300 (b) (3) xii & xiii (a&b) and EC Directive 10/2011.

NACURE 5225

DDBSA Isopropanol

25

6.0 - 7.0

7.40

2

120C

Best solubility in high solids enamels. Good solubility in aliphatic solvents.

NACURE 5414

DDBSA Xylene

25

N/A

8.30

4

130C

Excellent electrostatic spray (non-aqueous). Good intercoat adhesion. Blister resistant.

NACURE 5528

DDBSA Isopropanol

25

7.0 - 8.0

7.50

2

120C

Broad solubility. Excellent color stability.

NACURE 5925

DDBSA Isopropanol

25

7.0 - 7.5

7.50

2

120C

Complies with FDA 21 CFR, Sec. 175.300 (b) (3) xii & xiii (a&b)

DDBSA Blocked Acid Catalysts

* Cure Schedule: 30 minutes - Resin/Urea (60/40 ratio), **PMT - Peak Metal Temperature

Some of the key benefits of using Dodecylbenzene Sulfonic Acid (DDBSA) catalysts include: Broad solubility High gloss UV resistance Excellent compatibility in high solids and water-

borne coatings Excellent for automotive basecoats

and topcoats Additionally, select DDBSA catalysts comply with FDA 21 CFR, Sec. 175.300 (b) (3) xii & xiii (a&b) and EC Directive 10/2011 as shown below. NACURE XC-194K and NACURE 8924 are newer blocked acid catalysts designed for specific performance criteria. NACURE XC-194K is for primers containing anti-corrosive pigments and NACURE 8924 is for fast cure and stability in waterborne formulations.

Other Blocked Acid Catalysts

NACURE XC-194K

OTHER Hydrocarbons Ester Solvents

20

12-15

6.70

10 max

140C PMT**

Amino crosslinked primers contain-ing basic or ion exchange type anticorrosive pigments

NACURE 8924

OTHER Water

25

8.5

9.1

1

RT

Balance of rapid cure/stability in waterborne formulations.

CORROSION RESISTANCE NACURE XC-194K

Coil Primer 500 Hours Salt Fog Exposure Cure Schedule: 25 mins. @ 325°C PMT @ 235°C

Control: Loss of coating in scribe area and #6-7 medium blisters on 70-80% of the surface.

NACURE XC-194K: No loss of coating in scribe area after 500 hours salt spray.

NA

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p-TSA/Mixed Acid Catalysts

Catalysts based on para-Toluene Sulfonic Acid (p-TSA) or alkane sulfonic acid blends offer the following benefits: Fastest cure response Low temperature cure Excellent UV resistance Excellent gloss For solventborne and waterborne

coatings

p-TSA and Mixed Acid Catalysts


% Active

Acid # or pH


Minimum Cure*

Attributes/Uses

K-CURE 1040

p-TSA Isopropanol

40

130-140

8.25

1

RT

Highest gloss. Fast cure. Excel-lent weathering and exterior durability.

K-CURE 1040W

p-TSA Water

40

130-140

9.40

2

RT

As above, non-flammable for waterborne applications.

K-CURE 129B

Mixed Acids Methanol/n-Butanol

50

200-210

8.90

1

RT

Fastest cure. Wood and paper coatings.

p-TSA and Mixed Acid - Blocked Catalysts

NACURE 2107

p-TSA Isopropanol

25

8.0 - 9.0

7.57

1

90C

Good metal mark resistance. Fast cure.

NACURE 2500

p-TSA Isopropanol

26

6.0 - 7.0

8.15

1

80C

Low temperature cure. Excellent stability.

NACURE 2501

TSA Methanol

Isopropanol

25

6.0 - 7.2

8.01

1

80C

Slightly higher resistivity than 2500. Better ketone solubility.

NACURE 2530

p-TSA Methanol

Isopropanol

25

5.7 - 6.5

7.90

1

80C

Low temperature cure. Low tendency to yellow or wrinkle.

NACURE 2547

p-TSA Water 25 8.6 9.18 1 90°C

Easy incorporation into aqueous systems

NACURE 2558

P-TSA Ethylene Glycol 25 4.0 9.60 1 90°C

Effective in controlling wrinkling, popping & blistering in HS sys-tems

The graph to the left demonstrates the low tem-perature cure capabilities of a blocked p-TSA catalyst as measured by pendulum hardness. The coating is a high solids polyester/HMMM clearcoat formulation that was baked at three different temperatures for 15 minutes. Superior hardness develops at 200-225° F bakes when the p-TSA catalyst is used.

* Cure Schedule: 30 minutes - Resin/Urea (60/40 ratio)

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

DDBSA p-TSA

Pen

du

lum

, cy

cles

200°F 225°F 250°F

Pages 9 & 10

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Phosphate Catalysts

Weak acid catalysts based on phosphate chemistries are recommended for: Partially alkylated, high imino and polymeric

melamine crosslinkers Hybrids and carboxy-epoxy coatings Siloxane crosslinking They offer: Excellent gloss and chemical resistance Excellent adhesion properties The graph to the right compares the adhesion advantage that NACURE 4000 shows in comparison to two commercial phosphate catalysts when used to catalyze an acrylic/polymeric melamine clearcoat.

Phosphate Acid Catalyst


% Active

Acid # or pH


Minimum Cure*

Attributes/Uses

NACURE 4000

Alkyl Acid Phosphate

100 650 11.8 1 80°C Broad solubility and excellent adhesion, Good package stability.

NACURE 4054 Alkyl Acid

Phosphate 50 155-165 7.59 1 110°C

Excellent adhesion. Siloxane Crosslinking.

NACURE XC-235 Acid

Phosphate 75 300 9.25 1 110°C

Recommended with high imino and partially alkylated melamine type crosslinkers

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

Phos. A Phos.B N-4000

% A

dh

esio

n

Phosphate Blocked Catalysts

NACURE 4167

Acid Phosphate Isopropanol Isobutanol

25

6.8 - 7.5

7.16

2

80C

Blocked phosphate for high NH/polymeric melamines. Si-loxane crosslinking.

NACURE 4167W

Acid Phosphate Water

Isopropanol

25

6.5 - 7.5

8.20

2

90C

Aqueous systems using high NH/polymeric melamines.

NACURE 4575

Acid Phosphate Methanol Butanol

25

7.0 - 8.0

8.30

2

100C

High gloss. Superb storage stability with polymeric amino resins.

* Cure Schedule: 30 minutes - Resin/Urea (60/40 ratio)

% Adhesion to Aluminum & Steel

Aluminum Steel

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Formulating Information - Use Levels

In general, the time and temperature conditions of cure will determine the correct catalyst for the application. Strong acids with typical pKa strengths of approximately 0.5-0.7 should give equivalent rates of cure at equal molar concentra-tions of the acid group. Blocked catalysts will demand higher temperatures for full activation, and the pKa of the blocking agent attached to the acid will also influence the rate of reactivity. The two charts which follow provide general information on typical catalyst use levels by acid type based on a 30 minute cure schedule for a typical binder resin/HMMM ratio of 75/25. The percentage of catalyst shown is as supplied based on total resin solids. A ladder study of catalyst levels should be conducted to optimize the formulation. Do not over catalyze. Using too much catalyst can be a costly mistake and one that can cause film properties to suffer significantly.

Pages 11 & 12

0

0.25

0.5

0.75

1

1.25

1.5

1.75

2

2.25

2.5

2.75

80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210

N-1051 (DNNSA)

N-155 (DNNDSA) K-1040 (pTSA) N-5076 (DDBSA)

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

4.5

5

5.5

6

6.5

60 75 90 105 120 135 150 165 180 195 210

Blocked DNNSA

Blocked DNNDSA or DDBSA

Blocked pTSA

Cure Temperature, °C

Cure Temperature, °C

Cat

alys

t Use

Lev

el, %

by

Wei

ght

Cat

alys

t Use

Lev

el, %

by

Wei

ght

Acid Catalysts - Typical Use Levels

Blocked Catalysts - Typical Use Levels

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Formulating Information - Incorporation

Methods of Incorporation As with any component in a coating, the level, method and order of addition may mean the difference between formula-tion success or failure. When incorporating acid and blocked acid catalysts the following factors should be considered:

Method of mixing Solvents present Pigments present

pH sensitivity of resins Temperature at time of addition Stability/pot life requirements

It is generally good practice in high solids coatings to pre-dilute a catalyst with butanol or isopropanol before adding it to the paint. Stirring during the addition can help avoid pigment shock and the generation of “hot spots” - although with amine neutralized or blocked catalysts, these problems are rare. In some cases, blocked catalysts can even be added to the pigment grind for uniform dispersion and improved solubility. The decomposition or reactivity temperature of the catalyst, though, should be safely above the grind temperature. King Industries’ products are typically supplied in a common solvent such as alcohol that will allow simple post-addition after milling of pigments and letdown with resins and solvents. Systems that are viscous, or those sensitive to pH differences induced by an acid component. Such systems often require further pre-dilution with alcohol. Blend the catalyst with an alcohol such as n-butanol or isoproponal at 1:1 ratio. Extremely sensitive systems may require the use of a blocked acid catalyst with a neutral or basic pH value. Mixed solvent systems with some products that are less soluble than others. In these cases, incorporate the catalyst in the more compatible resins and solvents before adding less soluble components. Waterborne systems that can suffer from rapid pH changes. Waterborne systems are generally formulated to a final pH range of 8-9. Use of a blocked catalyst in such systems will prevent the rapid pH changes that can upset the balance of resin solubility and cause a flocculated or gelled formulation. Formulations that include a pigment with high oil absorption characteristics. Hydrophilic catalysts such as p-TSA are not recommended in such cases. A more hydrophobic blocked catalyst such as DNNSA is recommended. The chart below shows the relative hydrophobicity of different catalyst types.

p-TSA > DDBSA > DNNDSA > DNNSA Hydrophilic Hydrophobic

K-KAT catalysts additionally offer a number of performance advantages, including: Selectivity in the presence of moisture,

less gassing Improved pot life/cure time relationship Mercury-like cure profile in elastomers Less toxic than tin and mercury catalysts Catalysis of secondary hydroxyl groups Cold temperature cure response

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Tin alternative (Coatings)

K-KAT 6212 Add to NCO side

Selective

Waterborne Solventborne

2K Polyurethane

K-KAT Catalyst Selection Chart - Coatings

Waterborne

Prepolymer Synthesis

Solventborne

1K Blocked NCO

Pages 13 & 14

K-KAT XK-635 Efficient

K-KAT XK-635 Highly Efficient Non-yellowing

Solventless

K-KAT XK-635 Good Gloss

K-KAT XK-614 Good Hydrolytic

Stability

K-KAT 6212 Add to NCO side

Selective

K-KAT XK-639 DMP Blocked

NCO

K-KAT XK-639 Good Hydrolytic

Stability

K-KAT 5218 Long pot life with 2,4-PD

K-KAT XK-614 Add to polyol side Efficient/Selective

K-KAT 4205 Selective

Fast tack free time

K-KAT XC-B221 Efficient

Non-persistent

K-KAT XK-635 With MEKO

Blocked NCO

K-KAT XC-B221 Good Hydrolytic

Stability

K-KAT® Non-Tin, Mercury-Free Urethane Catalysts

K-KAT® catalysts are metal compounds that are designed to accelerate the reaction of polyols with isocyanates. These catalysts are more environmentally acceptable than catalysts that contain tin or mercury. K-KAT catalysts are used in a wide range of urethane applications including coatings, elastomers and in prepolymer synthesis.

K-KAT Catalysts for Coatings

K-KAT Metal Use Levels (% on resin solids)

Attributes

XC-B221 Bi carboxylate 0.03-2.0 Similar to DBTDL - effective in 2K and blocked isocyanate coatings. Specially designed for European formulations.

348 Bi carboxylate 0.03-1.0 Similar to DBTDL - effective in 2K and blocked isocyanate coatings.

5218 Al Chelate 1.0-2.0 Excellent 2K urethane pot life when used with 2,4-pentanedione. Add pentanedione to polyol component before K-KAT 5218 addition.

XK-614 Metal Complex 0.05-1.0 Most versatile. Effective in 2K waterborne and blocked isocyanate systems. Also effective in urethane elastomers. Add to polyol.

XK-635 Metal Complex 0.1-1.0 Very effective in solventborne and solventless 2K urethanes and 1K blocked isocyanate systems. Good with MEKO Blocked NCO.

4205 Zr chelate 1.0-2.0 Good pot life, recommended for 2K coatings. Selective catalysis (less gassing)

6212 Zr chelate 0.3-2.0 Selective coating/elastomer catalysis (less gassing). Good elastomer gel profile. Add to NCO

K-KAT Catalysts for Elastomers

XK-604 Mixed carboxylate 0.1-1.0 Very good gel profile in ambient cure 2K urethane elastomer systems

XK-617 Mixed carboxylate 0.1-1.0 Excellent gel profile in ambient cured 2K urethane elastomer systems Slightly less selective than XK-604

XK-618 Mixed carboxylate 0.1-1.0 Best gel profile in ambient cured 2K urethane elastomer systems Less selective than XK-617

XK-639 Metal Complex 0.5 - 1.5 Effective alternative to tin catalysts for DMP Blocked NCO.

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K-KAT XK-604 Best Selectivity (less gassing)

K-KAT Catalyst Selection Chart - Elastomers

K-KAT XK-617

K-KAT XK-604 Best Selectivity (less gassing)

K-KAT XK-618 Best Compatibility

K-KAT XK-617

Mercury Alternative (Elastomers)

Aromatic NCO (Cure Profile - Closest to Hg)

Aliphatic NCO (Cure Profile - Closest to Hg)

K-KAT Performance In Coatings

K-KAT bismuth carboxylates are recommended for two component urethane systems offering: Properties comparable to tin catalysts Excellent exterior durability Non-yellowing characteristics Excellent gloss retention Catalysis of secondary OH groups Bismuth carboxylate catalysts work best in dehydrated systems. Both provide a cure profile similar to DBTDL in 2K and blocked NCO systems without the environmental concerns.

Bismuth Carboxylates & Complexes K-KAT XC-B221 & K-KAT 348

Zirconium Chelates K-KAT 4205 and 6212

Aluminum Chelate K-KAT 5218

K-KAT 4205 and 6212 are zirconium chelates used in 2K urethane coatings. Advantages include: Fast cure, selective catalysis (less gassing) Effectiveness in extreme conditions such as

cold or humidity Excellent exterior durability Good pot life K-KAT 4205 is a zirconium catalyst that can be added to the polyol side. It is recommended for solventborne 2K coatings. K-KAT 6212 must be added to the isocyanate compo-nent. It is recommended for 2K waterborne systems, 2K high solids coatings and RIM applications where plural component and in-line mixing systems are used.

K-KAT 5218 can be used in both baked and ambient cured 2K urethane systems offering: Optimum synergy with pot life extenders such

as 2,4 - Pentanedione Excellent exterior durability

Metal Complexes K-KAT XK-614, K-KAT XK-635 & K-KAT XK-639

Pages 15 & 16

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K-KAT XK-614 is a zinc complex catalyst for urethane coatings. Advantages include: Excellent hydrolytic stability Better pot life in 2K WB urethanes than DBTDL Selective catalysis of the polyol/isocyanate

reaction in the presence of moisture Excellent film properties K-KAT XK-614 has demonstrated excellent hydrolytic stability and an increased tendency to selectively accelerate the polyol/isocyanate reaction in the presence of moisture. These two characteristics make K-KAT XK-614 suitable for 2K waterborne urethane coating systems. A good indicator of pot life, or workable time, of a 2K waterborne urethane paint is gloss of cured films cast with aged paint. After the two components are com-bined, the aging process begins in the pot as polyol and water compete for free isocyanate groups. Gloss of films cast with aged paint is reduced as more water reacts with isocyanate in the pot.

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1

2

3

4

5

6

7

DBTDL DBTDL/1.8% PD K-KAT 5218 K-KAT 5218/1.8% PD

Surface Dry 2X Viscosity

Dry Time/Pot Life - K-KAT 5218/DBTDL Polyester/HDI Trimer, Effect of 2,4-PD on Pot Life

The graph below demonstrates the potential improvement in the relationship between dry time and pot life when K-KAT 5218 is used with 2,4-Pentanedione. The graph shows dry times and double viscosity times of a 2K poly-ester/HDI trimer catalyzed with K-KAT 5218 and DBTDL, both with and without 1.8% 2,4-Pentanedione. While pot life extension of the DBTDL system was evident, the increase was much more significant in the K-KAT 5218 system.

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K-KAT Performance In Coatings

K-KAT XK-635 is very effective for solventborne and solventless 2K urethanes as well as blocked NCO solventborne, waterborne and solventless coatings. It is an environmentally friendly alternative to DBDTL offering: Good pot life in 2K systems Similar cure Excellent gloss retention Good hydrolytic stability Non-yellowing

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Set to touch,hours

Surface dry,hours

DBTDL K-KAT XK-635

Hours

TACK-FREE TIME - K-KAT XK-635/DBTDL 2K SB Acrylic/NCO, Air Dry

93949596979899

100101

20° Gloss, % 60° Gloss, %

DBTDL K-KAT XK-635

0 20 40 60 80 100

120°C

130°C

140°C

150°C

no catalyst DBTDL XK-635

Metal Complex K-KAT XK-635

GLOSS K-KAT XK-635/DBTDL 2K SB Acrylic/NCO, Air Dry

K-KAT XK-635 Performance in 2K Urethanes As shown in the next two graphs, K-KAT XK-635 dis-played better tack-free times and gloss than DBTDL when tested in an air dry 2K urethane.

GLOSS STUDY - K-KAT XK-614/DBTDL 2K WB Acrylic/Modified NCO

The graph below demonstrates superior selectivity of K-KAT XK-614 in a white 2K waterborne urethane system. The graph plots gloss of films cast immediately after mixing and films cast on hour intervals after mixing.

0102030405060708090

0 1 2 3 4 5

XK- 6 14 DBTDLNo Ca ta lyst

60°

Glo

ss

Paint Age - Hours

K-KAT XK-635 & K-KAT XK-639 Performance in Blocked NCO Systems K-KAT XK-635 & K-KAT XK-639 have proven to be ef-fective in blocked isocyanate systems offering equivalent or improved cure over DBTDL. As shown below, K-KAT XK-635 over a range of cure temperatures offered per-formance as good or superior to DBTDL as measured by MEK resistance in a 1K Acrylic/MEKO Blocked NCO. Catalysts were used at 0.5% level on total resin solids with a 20 minute bake schedule. The bottom graph shows similar results were achieved with K-KAT XK-639 in a 1K Acrylic/DMP Blocked NCO system.

2X MEK Rubs - K-KAT XK-635/DBTDL 1K Acrylic/MEKO Blocked NCO, 20 Minute Bake

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140°C 150°C

no catalyst DBTDL XK-639

2X M

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2X MEK Rubs - K-KAT XK-639/DBTDL 1K Acrylic/DMP Blocked NCO, 20 Minute Bake

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

5000

0 10 20 30 40

Time (min.)

Vis

cosi

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Pa.

s)

K-KAT XK-618

Mercury Catalyst

K-KAT Performance In Elastomers

K-KAT XK-618 Catalyst Compatibility LMW Diols

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

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Hg Catalyst XK-604 XK-617 XK-618

% C

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yst

There is a potential cost advantage with K-KAT XK-604, K-KAT XK-617 and K-KAT XK-618 compared to commercially available mercury catalysts. The cata-lyst levels used in the gel profile study are illustrated in the graph below. These catalyst levels provided similar gel times. Along with lower dose requirements, the K-KAT catalysts have a lower price compared to com-mercial mercury catalysts.

GEL PROFILE STUDY - Catalyst Concentration Polyether Triol/MDI Prepolymer

Urethane elastomer formulations are often modified with low molecular weight chain extending diols to enhance certain properties. A commonly used low molecular weight diol is 1,4-butanediol. Compatibility of metal carboxylate catalysts in 1,4-butanediol is limited. As demonstrated in the image below, K-KAT XK-618 is much more compatible with 1,4-butanediol compared to a bismuth carboxylate catalyst. K-KAT XK-618 can be used in non-foam applications provided a very low mois-ture content is maintained.

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GEL PROFILE STUDY - K-KAT XK-618 Polyether Triol/MDI Prepolymer

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

0 10 20 30 40 50

Time (min.)

Vis

cosi

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Pa.

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Mercury Catalyst

GEL PROFILE STUDY - K-KAT XK-604 Polyether Triol/Aliphatic HDI Trimer

K-KAT XK-604, K-KAT XK-617 and K-KAT XK-618 are organometallic complexes that are environmentally accept-able alternatives to toxic mercury catalysts. Advantages include: Excellent gel profile in elastomeric systems Contains no mercury, tin or lead Efficiency Cost advantage The graphs below depict gel profiles of a polyether triol crosslinked with an MDI prepolymer catalyzed with K-KAT XK-618 and the triol crosslinked with an aliphatic HDI trimer catalyzed with K-KAT XK-604. Both gel profiles are comparable to the mercury catalyzed profiles. Moisture content of 2K urethane elastomers should be minimized to avoid gassing. However, some degree of moisture being present is often inevitable. Of the three, K-KAT XK-604 would be recommended if gassing is a concern.

Mercury Catalyst Alternatives K-KAT XK-604, K-KAT XK-617 & K-KAT XK-618

K-FLEX® Polyester Polyols, Urethane Diols and Specialty Modifiers

K-FLEX® describes three distinct product lines of specialty polyols and resin modifiers consisting of the following chemistries: K-FLEX POLYESTER POLYOLS are based upon low molecular weight linear, saturated, aliphatic structures with primary hydroxyl groups. They are used in both coatings and elastomers.

K-FLEX URETHANE DIOLS are novel, hydroxyl func-tional, water soluble low molecular weight diols with an all-urethane backbone. K-FLEX SPECIALTY PRODUCTS include two 100% active, acetoacetate functional reactive diluents. K-FLEX XM-B301 and 7301 are particularly effective in epoxy/polyamide primers and systems crosslinked with amino resins or polyisocyanates.

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PRODUCT SELECTION CHARTS

Melamine/Urea Crosslinked Systems

K-FLEX 188 Plastics

Adhesion

K-FLEX XM-366 Flow & Leveling

K-FLEX 7301 Corrosion

Resistance

K-FLEX UD-350W

Flow & Leveling Adhesion,

Hardness and Co-solvent

Replacement

K-FLEX 188 Hardness Flexibility

K-FLEX XM-366 Lower VOC

K-FLEX XM-332 Lowest VOC

Primer

2K Urethanes

K-FLEX UD-350W

Flow & Leveling Hardness

Co-Solvent Replacement

K-FLEX A308 More Hydrophobic

Better Flexibility

K-FLEX 188 Best Exterior

Durability Hardness &

Flexibility

K-FLEX A308 Best Mar/Scratch

Resistance

K-FLEX XM-366 Flexibility/Hardness

Waterborne Solvent Based

Topcoat/Clearcoat

Solvent Based

Solventless Waterborne Cast Elastomers (2K Polyurethane)

SOLVENT BASED

2K Epoxy, Primers and

Adhesives

K-FLEX XM-B301 Most

Hydrophobic

K-FLEX 7301 Lighter Color

Lower Viscosity

K-FLEX 188 Exterior Durability Balance Hardness

and Flexibility

K-FLEX XM-366 Softer - Lower VOC

Good Balance Hardness/Flexibility

K-FLEX XM-332 Lowest VOC

K-FLEX XM-359 Clearcoats

K-FLEX XM-366 Good Balance

Hardness/Flexibility

K-FLEX XM-332 Softer

Lowest VOC

K-FLEX 188 Most Hydrophobic

Best Hydrolytic Stability

K-FLEX A308 Easier

Incorporation

K-FLEX 188 Good Resiliency

Hardness/Flexibility

K-FLEX A308 Lowest Tg/Softest

K-FLEX XM-337 Highest Tg/Hardness

Solvent Based

Solvent Based Waterborne

Basecoat

Waterborne

K-FLEX 188 Improved flexibility

& salt spray

K-FLEX 188 Improved

flexibility & salt spray

K-FLEX UD-350W Co-Solvent

Replacement Higher Gloss

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Hydroxyl # On Solids

Viscosity 25C (cPs)

Tg

Attributes/Uses

K-FLEX 188

230 10,000 -32˚C

Improves flexibility, salt spray and humidity resistance while main-taining hardness. Highest reactivity. Excellent adhesion to many substrates including plastics. Highly recommended for 2K urethane applications.

K-FLEX A308

260 1,500 -59˚C Similar to 188 but the low viscosity combined with the higher hydroxyl number gives good hardness and adhesion while allow-ing lower VOC levels. Best mar/scratch resistance.

K-FLEX 148

235 3,750 -42˚C Improves flexibility and adhesion. Recommended for primers. Good flow and leveling. Excellent intercoat adhesion properties.

K-FLEX A307

140 5,400 -50˚C Flexibility modifier for acrylic/isocyanate and acrylic/melamine systems. The low hydroxyl number minimizes the crosslinker demand.

K-FLEX XM-332

265 400 -68°C Lowest viscosity for lowest VOC. Softest films.

K-FLEX XM-337

220 70,000 -20°C Offers high hardness and high modulus in 2K urethanes.

K-FLEX XM-359

230 9,800 -32°C Optically clear systems. Designed to provide long pot life in 2K urethanes and to prevent yellowing caused by benzotriazole type UV absorbers.

K-FLEX XM-366

270 2,000 -45°C Newest polyester polyol offering excellent flexibility, gloss and hardness.

Use in Coatings K-FLEX 100% active polyester polyols are used primarily as modifiers for acrylic, alkyd, epoxy and polyester formu-lations with melamine or polyisocyanate crosslinkers. Typical modification levels are 5 to 15% on total resin solids. The low molecular weight and narrow molecular weight distribution of K-FLEX polyesters allow the formulation of higher solids coatings. Primary hydroxyl groups provide high reactivity for lower temperature cure. K-FLEX polyester polyols are used to: Increase film flexibility Improve resistance properties Reduce VOC’s - increase solids Achieve higher crosslink density Improve cure adhesion including plastics

K-FLEX® Polyester Polyols HOCH2 R CH2OOC—/W\—COOCH2—R—CH2OH

Solubility & Compliant Coatings Most K-FLEX polyesters have a narrow molecular weight distribution (MWD). As a result, they have excellent com-patibility with a wide range of resins and excellent solubility across a broad range of solvents and solubility parameters including some of the more difficult solvents like PC - propylene carbonate, DMC - dimethyl carbonate, acetone, TBA - t-butyl acetate and p-Chlorobenzotrifluoride

(OXSOL® 100*). Addition-ally, as shown in the photo, K-FLEX polyesters can be used to compatibilize other resins into these solvents. The narrow MWD also pro-vides for an efficient reduc-tion in viscosity with a low level of solvent to achieve

VOC compliance. The K-FLEX polyesters tend to be solu-ble in most solvents, but not in aliphatic hydrocarbons or in water. Ketones tend to be very efficient solvents for them and one can achieve a spray viscosity at about 80% solids in MIBK.

Pages 19 & 20

* OXSOL® is registered trademark of Makhteshim Agan Group.

Coatings: Isocyanate Crosslinked Systems K-FLEX polyester polyols are effective modifiers for most 2-component polyurethane systems. Performance advan-tages include lower VOC, improved adhesion, increased flexibility and elongation, higher tensile strength, humidity resistance and abrasion resistance. For example, the table below details the VOC reduction and improvement of mechanical properties of a high solids 2K acrylic polyurethane system, modified with 16% K-FLEX 188 (King Formulation API-5).

Performance Control 2K Acrylic/ PU

16 % K-FLEX 188 Modification

VOC, lbs/gal. 3.28 3.02

Tensile Strength (psi)

2,900 3,300

% Elongation 22.7% 51.8%

Taber Abrasion Resistance

119 (mg loss)

87 (mg loss)

Adhesion Studies K-FLEX polyester polyols have demonstrated excellent adhesion to many substrates including many plastics. K-FLEX 188, A307 and A308 were found to have excellent adhesion to Xenoy®*, ABS, RIM, RRIM, SMC, PVC and polycarbonate using both an HMMM crosslinker and HDI isocyanurate crosslinker. * Xenoy® is a registered trademark of SABIC Innovative Plastics

Mechanical Properties

K-FLEX XM-337

K-FLEX XM-359

K-FLEX XM-332

Tensile Strength*, psi (ASTM D 412)

3,821 3,723 250

Modulus*, psi (ASTM D 412)

141,232 4,600 812

Strain at max*, (%) (ASTM D 412)

79 146 36

Shore A** (ASTM D 2240)

95+ 95+ 70

Shore D** (ASTM D 2240)

80 67 27

* 1/4” Thick Casting, ** 5/8” Thick Casting

K-FLEX polyester polyols have proven to be effective in light stable cast elastomers where a combination of

optical clarity and mechanical properties are sought. In addition to the mechanical properties shown in the table that follows, K-FLEX XM-359 offers excellent optical clarity and transparency as shown in the photo to the left.

Use In Light Stable Cast Elastomers

Formulating With K-FLEX Modifiers

K-FLEX XM-359

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Use & Performance In Coatings

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0 6 12 18 24 30 36

M onths in Florida

Florida Exposure - Exterior Durability As shown below, an acrylic clearcoat over a white base coat was modified with K-FLEX 188 at 16% TRS and sub-jected to three years of Florida Exposure resulting in mini-mal change in gloss where the control showed a steady and significant reduction in gloss over time.

3 Years Florida Exposure (5° South) Acrylic Clearcoat (Paraloid™ AU-946*/Desmodur® N 3300**)

* Dow Chemical Company, **Bayer Material Science

Mechanical Properties - 1/4” Casting* K-FLEX/HDI Biuret (1:04:1.00 ratio)

K-FLEX polyesters and urethane diols can be added to the grind or letdown with no special incorporation tech-niques. To formulate a high solids pigment grind the addition of at least 5% of a high solids acrylic resin is recommended in combination with a K-SPERSE dispersant. Isocyanate Ratios The high hydroxyl number of K-FLEX products necessi-tate a careful calculation of the isocyanate ratio to assure complete crosslinking of the polyol hydroxyl groups. A NCO:OH ratio of 1.04:1.00 to 1.10:1.00 is typical. K-FLEX A307 has the lowest isocyanate demand. Melamine Ratio Due to the high hydroxyl number of K-FLEX modifiers (with the exception of A307), a ratio of K-FLEX / HMMM of 60 / 40 is normally recommended. This provides a 1 / 1 equivalent of hydroxyl group to methylol group, assuming an equivalent weight of 160 g/eq for HMMM. Properties may be adjusted for higher hardness with a lower K-FLEX / HMMM ratio or improved flexibility with a higher K-FLEX / HMMM ratio. K-FLEX A307 has a lower crossliner demand and therefore does not require the higher levels of HMMM. Adjustments in melamine levels should be made based on equivalent weights for other types of melamines (high imino, polymeric, etc…).

K-FLEX 188 Acrylic Control

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H O O C N N C O

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Advantages In Waterborne Coatings Replace volatile co-solvents with a

non-volatile reactive diol Lower VOC (higher solids) Higher film build without an increase in viscosity Improved flow and leveling More continuous film/higher gloss Improved resistance properties Higher hardness Improved wet adhesion Improved stain resistance Anti-skinning thermoset dip Lowering VOC’s In Waterborne Systems K-FLEX UD-350W was used to replace 2-butoxyethanol co-solvent in a Joncryl 540 / HMMM white baking enamel at 5%, 10% and 15%. This co-solvent replacement resulted in significant VOC reductions, as can be seen below. (King Formulation UDW-12)

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PRODUCT

Composition

On Solids

Hydroxyl Acid Number Number

Viscosity

25C (cPs)

Attributes/Uses

K-FLEX UD-350W

88% Active Urethane Diol In Water

350

< 1

4,000

Water soluble in absence of surfactants, amines and co-solvent. Higher solids, im-proved flow, gloss, hardness and resistance properties. Also available as UD-320W.

K-FLEX UD-320

82% Active Urethane Diol in Propylene Glycol Mono-Methylether Acetate

350

<1

9,000

Increases application solids and hardness. Improves chemical resistance, exterior durabil-ity and hydrolytic stability.

K-FLEX UD-320-100

100% Active Urethane Diol

350 <1 7,000 at 50°C

Prepolymer synthesis. For water or solvent. Preparation of polyester urethanes.

K-FLEX® Urethane Diols

K-FLEX Urethane diols are low molecular weight (MW) diols with an aliphatic urethane backbone and a narrow MW distribution. They allow the formulation of higher solids, lower VOC waterborne (WB) coatings. They have been developed to help achieve VOC compliance with the added benefit of improved film performance. Their low molecular weight provides a higher crosslink density yielding harder films with greater exterior durability. The urethane diols are useful in various industrial systems, such as: Amino crosslinked systems 2-component polyurethanes Blocked Isocyanates Prepolymer synthesis The K-FLEX UD aliphatic urethane backbone provides excellent hydrolytic stability. It also allows the incorpora-tion of aliphatic urethane functionality without the use of isocyanates. K-FLEX urethane diols are soluble in water and most polar organic solvents, in the absence of surfactants, neutralizing amines and co-solvents. They are not soluble in more hydrophobic solvents like aliphatic hydrocarbons or aromatics. However, varying levels of hydrophobic solvents can be tolerated depending on the solubility parameters of the other solvents present.

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Advantages In Solventborne and Solventless Systems Higher solids (lower VOC) Higher hardness Improved resistance to humidity, QUV and

exterior exposure Improved resistance to solvents and chemicals Greater viscosity stability Performance In Solventborne Systems Even with low level K-FLEX UD-320 modification, a decrease of VOC is possible while boosting performance of the overall formulation Low level modification of melamine crosslinked systems resulted in harder films with improved QUV resistance and exterior durability. Modification of 2-component acrylic and polyester polyurethanes provided harder and more flexible films with improved exterior durability.

Improved Flow/Leveling & Higher Gloss The water solubility of the urethane diol provides improved wetting over various substrates, as well as, improved flow and leveling. The end result is higher gloss waterborne coatings, as can be seen below.

HMMM Baking Enamels, Gloss Improvement Gloss 60º/20º, % Reflectance

% K-FLEX UD-320W On TRS

System 0% 10% 15%

Joncryl 540 Acrylic Emulsion (King Formulation UDW-12)

84/15 92/29 93/73

Kelsol 3961-B2G-75 Chain Stopped Alkyd (King Formulation UDW-15)

91/65 94/76 —

Acrysol WS-68 Water Reducible Acrylic (King Formulation UDW-4)

90/67 89/69 89/74

Joncryl 540 - BASF Resins, Kelsol 3961-B2G-75 - Reichhold, Inc. Acrysol WS-68 - Dow Chemical

HMMM Crosslinked Baking Enamels Resistance Properties 11% K-FLEX Modification On Total Resin Solids

System

Humidity Resistance (350 hrs) 60º Gloss*

Salt Spray (350 hrs) Blister/mm creep**

Boiling Water Resistance (1 hour) Blister

Polymac WR 72-7203 Water Reducible Polyester (King Formulation UDW-16)

Control 5 4D/2 8D

UD-350W 59 4F/1 10

Kelsol 301-W-39 Water Reducible Polyester (King Formulation UDW-17)

Control 79 4D/10 6D

UD-350W 82 4D/3 10

* ASTM D 2247, ** ASTM B 177, D=Dense, F=Few, M=Medium, Blisters: 10 = no attack. Polymac 72-7203 - Hexion Specialty Chemicals, Kelsol 301-W-39 - Reichhold Inc.

Waterborne Systems

Improved Resistance Properties The urethane backbone of the urethane diols provides excellent hydrolytic stability for long term storage in water-borne formulations. This excellent hydrolytic stability also provides improvements in the humidity, salt spray and boiling water resistance of fully crosslinked films. The results shown demonstrate these improvements for two waterborne polyester/HMMM baking enamels.

Solventborne & Solventless Systems

Performance In Coatings

3 Years Florida Exposure (5° South) 5% K-FLEX UD-320-100 Modification - Polyester Clearcoat Over White Basecoat

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

0 3 6 9 12 15 18 2 1 2 7 3 0 3 6

Months in Florida

20°

Glo

ss

K-FLEX UD-320-100 Control

95

90

85

80

75

70

65

Key features include: Reduced induction time & faster cure Excellent adhesion Improved salt fog wet adhesion Improved humidity resistance VOC and viscosity reduction Elimination of solvent popping and pinholes Faster low temperature cure epoxy/amine

PRODUCT Composition Equivalent

Weight (Active Hydrogen)

Viscosity 25C (cPs)

Attributes/Uses

K-FLEX XM-B301

100% Active Reactive Diluent

190 1,100 Most hydrophobic

K-FLEX 7301

100% Active Reactive Diluent

150 Lower viscosity and lighter color. 125

K-FLEX XM-B301 Performance K-FLEX XM-B301 was used to modify an epoxy polyam-ide formulation (King Formulation EAP-1). The study monitored the effect on induction time, cure and potlife, as well as film properties. A summary can be found in the tables which follow.

K-FLEX XM-B301 Effect On Cure Epoxy/Polyamide Modification

% Modification on Total Resin Solids

Control 0%

3%

6%

Induction Time (mins) to good appearance

90

40

40

Time to Double Viscosity (hrs) 5 3 2

*Surface Dry Time (hours) 9.8 7.2 4.2

Effect On Film Properties

Knoop Hardness 22.6 15.0 17.9

Impact Strength (in./ lbs) Forward/reverse

40/5

50/10

50/20

Salt Fog (mm creep) Cold Rolled Steel, 350 Hrs. Galvanized, 672 Hrs.

13 10

12 4

8 3

Lap Shear Strength, psi - 2.5% Modification

Substrate Control + 2.5% K-FLEX B-301

Cast Iron 816 1739

Polished Steel 1593 1974

Copper 1073 1662

ABS 350 892

Styrene 434 695

Bond Strength Development, psi

4 hours 939 1397

24 hours 943 1375

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* Pot life could be extended with the use of ketones.

Pages 23 & 24

K-FLEX® Reactive Diluents

K-FLEX XM-B301 and 7301 are low viscosity, acetoacetate functional reactive diluents with excellent compatibility with a wide range of resins. They can be used in solvent based and solventless systems. They are primarily recommended for use in 2-component epoxy coatings and adhesives based on epoxy/polyamine and epoxy/polyamide hardened systems.

Solventless 2K Epoxy Adhesive XM-B301 has demonstrated the following advantages in a solventless 2K epoxy adhesive formulation (King Formulation EAP-4). Improved lap shear strength to metallic and

non-metallic substrates Faster bond strength development

Salt Fog & Wet Adhesion A Solventless Epoxy/Amine System - shows improved salt spray fog protection from a 10% K-FLEX XM-B301 modification. In

addition to improved salt spray, humidity resistance and wet adhesion, the K-FLEX XM-B301 modification allowed for a faster low temperature (5°C) cure. (King Formulation EAP-2)

Control With 10% XM-B301

Adhesives Aerospace Appliances Automotive

Primers

NACURE® & K-CURE® CATALYSTS 1040, 155 1040W, 155, 3525

1051, 1323, 1953 X49-110, 3525

X49-110, 3525 155, 3525, X49-110

K-PURE® CATALYSTS CXC-1615,1612,1614,1612 & 1614 CXC-1615, CXC-1612

K-KAT® CATALYSTS XC-B221, XK-604 XK-614, 6212

5218, XC-B221, XK-614, 6212

XK-635, XK-639 XK-635, XK-639

XK-635, 6212 XK-614, 6212

K-FLEX® POLYESTER POLYOLS 148, A307, XM-366 188, A308

188, A307, XM-366 188, A308,

188, A307, XM-332 188, A308

188, A307, XM-366 188, A308

K-FLEX® URETHANE DIOLS & SPECIALTIES 7301, XM-B301, UD-350W, XM-B301

7301, XM-B301 320, 320-100 350W

320 320W, 350W

K-STAY® RHEOLOGY MODIFIERS 730, 740 501, 511, 555 501, 730

K-SPERSE® DISPERSANTS A503, A504, 5100 152, A503, 6501 152, A503

NACORR® CORROSION INHIBITORS 1151, 1552, 1352, 1652 6402

1552, 1151 1352, 1652

DISPARLON® THIXOTROPES 6100, 6200, 6300, 6100, 6200 6300

6900-20X, PFA-231 AQ-600, AQ-607, AQH-800

DISPARLON® DEFOAMERS UVX-188, 189,190 OX-60, OX-70 1970, LAP -10 AQ-501, AQ-7533

DISPARLON® DISPERSIANTS DA-325, KS-873 KS-873 KS-873

DISPARLON® LEVELING AGENTS LCN-400, L-1980, L-1984 LCN 400, L-1984 LHP-91, LHP-95, NSH-8430HF AQ-7120,

APPLICATIONS (A-I)

APPLICATIONS (I-Z)

Inks Maintenance Marine

Metal Decorating Paper

NACURE® & K-CURE® CATALYSTS 155, 1051 155, 3525, 1040W

1040, 155, 3525

X49-110, 155, 1040 155, 3525, 1040W

K-PURE® CATALYSTS CXC-1615, CXC-1612 CXC-1615

CXC-1615, CXC-1612 CXC-1615

K-KAT® CATALYSTS XC-B221, XK-614 XK-614, 6212

5218, 4205, XK-635 XK-614, 6212

XK-635, XK-639 XK-635, XK-639

K-FLEX® POLYESTER POLYOLS 188, A307, XM-337, 188, A308

188, XM-366, XM-337 188, XM-366

188, A307, XM-366 188, A308

188, A308, XM-366 188, A308

K-FLEX® URETHANE DIOLS & SPECIALTIES 320-100 350W

7301, XM-B301

320 350W

320, 320-100 350W

K-STAY® RHEOLOGY MODIFIERS 501, 511, 555, 730 730

K-SPERSE® DISPERSANTS 131, 152, A504 152, A503 152, A503, 6501 A504

NACORR® CORROSION INHIBITORS 1151, 1552, 1352, 1652 1151,1552, 1352, 1652 6402

DISPARLON® THIXOTROPES 6900-20X, AQ-607, AQ-610, AQH-800

F-9030, 6300, 6500, 6650 AQ-607, AQ-610

6900-20X, PFA-231

DISPARLON® DEFOAMERS OX-60, OX-70 LAP-10, LAP-20 UVX-188,189,190

DISPARLON® DISPERSANTS AQ-320, AQ-330, AQ-340, AQ-380

DA-325

DISPARLON® LEVELING AGENTS LS-430, AQ-7120 L-1983, L-1984 LCN-400, L-1984 PL 545, UVX 35,36

APPLICATION - QUICK REFERENCE CHART

Solvent Based Waterborne Powder UV SYSTEM KEY (Font Color) 100% Solids

Automotive Basecoat/Topcoat

Can Coil (PCM) E-Coat Elastomers/Foam General Industrial

5225, 5528, 2500, 3525 2500, 5225, 2547

5076, 5925, 155, 3525 2500, 2558, 3525

1323, 1419, 1953, 2107, XC-194K, 2500, X49-110, 3525

1051, NACORR 1552 Acrylic Anodic

2500, 155, X49-110 2547, 2500, X49-110, 3525

CXC-1615, CXC-1612 CXC-1615,CXC-1612, CXC-1615

XK-635, XC-B221 XK-614, 6212

XK-635 XK-614

XK-635, XK-639 XK-635, XK-639

XK-604, XK-618 XK-635, 5218, XC-B221 XK-614, 6212

XM-359, A308, XM-366 188, A308

188, A307, XM-366 188, A308

188, A307, XM-337 188, A308

188, XM-332, XM-337 148,188, A308

188, A308, XM-332 188, A308

188, XM-366, XM-337 188, A308

320 320W, 350W

320, 350W

320 350W

320 350W

501, 511, 555 501, 511, 555, 730

A503, A504 152, A503 A504 152, A503, 5100, 6501

1352, 1552 1352, 1552 1151, 1552, 1352, 1652 6402

6900-20X, PFA-231, NS-5500 AQ-600, AQ-607, AQH-800

6100, 6200 6900-20X, PFA-231, AQ-600, AQ-607, AQH-800, 6100, 6200

OX-60, OX-750HF, OX-883HF LAP -10 OX-60, OX-70 OX-60,OX-70, LCN-400 UVX188,189,190

DA-325, AQ-320, AQ-330, AQ-340, AQ-380

DA-325, KS-873, AQ-340, AQ-380

LHP-91, LHP-95, AQ-7120 PL-545

LCN 400, L-1984 LCN-400, L & LAP Series, AQ-7120, PL 545

While not all inclusive, this quick reference chart has been designed to offer starting point product choices by application, solvent based systems (font-black), solventless (font-green), waterborne (font-blue), powder (font-brown) and UV (font-purple). Please refer to each product section for additional choices, systems and selection criteria.

Prepolymers Refinish Resin Synthesis Sealants Stain/Varnishes Wood

155, 1040 155, 1040W

1040, 155 1040W, 155

2500, 5225, 4000 2547, 155, 8924

CXC-1612, CXC-1614 CXC-1612, CXC-1756

6212, XC-B221 6212, XK-614

4205, 5218, XK-635 XK-614, 6212

6212, XC-B221 6212, XK-614

XC-B221, XK-604 XC-B221, XK-604 XK-614, 6212

188, A308, XM-332 188, A308

188, A307, XM-366 188, XM-366

188, A308, XM-366

A307, A308, A307, A308

188, XM-366, XM-337 188, A308

320-100 320-100

XM-B301, 7301

320-100 A307, A308

320, 320-100 320W, 350W

501, 511, 555

A503, A504 152, A503

1151, 1552 1352, 1652

6900-20X, PFA-231, NS-5500 AQH-800

6500, 6200, 6300 6100

A671-EZ, NS-5500, 670-20M AQ-607, AQ-610, AQH-800

A671-EZ, NS-5500, 670-20M AQ-607, AQ-610, AQH-800

OX-60,OX-70, LCN-400 UVX188,189,190

1958 1958, LAP-10, LAP-20, LAP-30

LHP 90, 95 UVX 35,36

UVX 35,36 LHP Series, L-1984 UVX 35,36

K-PURE® Catalysts for Epoxy Systems

K-PURE CXC Catalysts for epoxy/hydroxyl and anhy-dride systems are most commonly used in solvent less systems. K-PURE CXC-1612 and CXC-1614 These catalysts are based on super acids, hexafluoroanti-monate or triflic acid and can be used in conjunction with cycloaliphatic epoxies, glycidyl ester and glycidyl ether resins. Polymerization of the epoxy resin occurs via a cationic mechanism, thus allowing co-polymerization with hy-droxyl, lactone, oxetane or vinyl functional groups.

One component, high solids or solvent less systems for high speed or low temperature applications can be obtained using this technology. The unique blocking group under goes a chemical re-arrangement upon activation, that eliminates any volatile components to be generated during cure. Additional Offerings King offers additional catalysts for epoxy systems under its K-PURE® tradename. Found on King’s web site, this family of catalysts developed for the electronics industry includes non-antimony catalysts with higher activation temperatures and higher purity.

K-P

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More K-PURE® product information can be obtained by contacting King Industries Specialty Markets Group

Performance

Cycloaliphatic Diepoxide DSC Ramp - 5°C per minute

- 0.5

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

0 50 100 150 200

Temperature

Hea

t F

low

, W

/g

CXC-1612 CXC-1614 CXC-1615

BADGE/MHHPA Case Study Cast parts with BDMA, CXC-1756 and 2,4-EMI cured: 1 hr ,100ºC (demold) + 1 hr, 120ºC + 3 hrs, 180ºC Cast parts with CXC-1765 cured: 1 hr ,120ºC (demold) + 1 hr, 140ºC + 3 hrs, 180ºC

Catalyst/Curative BDMA K-PURE

CXC-1756 K-PURE

CXC-1765 2,4-EMI

% by Weight 2 1 3 0.5

Shore D 80 82 80 80

DSC Onset Point, 96°C 119°C 134°C 122°C

Stability Days at 25°C

2 5 10 3

Tg, °C Mechanical 140.5 147.8 139.1 155.8

Flexural Testing

Modulus, PSI 327,00 323,000 372,000 242,000

Strength, PSI 14,500 12,000 15,000 12,000

Water Immersion

47 Days weight gain

1.6 1.6 2.1 1.5

Color Comparison 1/4” Castings Cast in Aluminum Mold

0.5% CXC-1765 0.5% EMI

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2

CXC-1612 Concentration, %

100°C 120°C 177°C

Effect of CXC-1612 Concentration on Glass Transition Temperature BADGE (Bisphenol-A diglycidylether) Cure: 1 Hour

Gla

ss T

ran

siti

on

, °C

Temperature:

Epoxy or Hydroxyl

K-PURE CXC-1756 2K Systems

SB & 100% Solids Cure 110°C <

Various

K-PURE® CXC-1765 Cure 130°C < Longer Pot-life

Low color

Solvent-less






SB & WB Cure 120°C <

Pages 19 & 20

needed. Pre-diluting in di-functional epoxy or vinyl ether functional diluents is not recommended. Base Sensitivity - Super acids (CXC-1612, 1614 and 1615) are sensitive to basic materials. Thus, cure can be inhibited by basic substrates, pigments or resins. Ambient Cure - These catalysts are not designed to cure epoxy systems at ambient temperatures.

Catalysts for Solvent Less Epoxy Systems PRODUCT

Composition % Active

Specific Gravity 25°C

Form Typical Use Levels (catalyst solids on total resin solids)

Activation Temperature

Range

Attributes/Uses

K-PURE CXC-1612

Ammonium Antimony

Hexafluoride

100

na

Off White

powder

0.5 - 2%

80-100°C

Cationic cure of inks, adhesives and coatings, zero VOC, zero out-gassing

K-PURE CXC-1614

Ammonium Triflic acid

100

na

Off White

powder

0.5 - 3%

100-120°C

Cationic cure of inks, adhesives and coatings, zero VOC, zero out-gassing

K-PURE CXC-1756

Organo-metallic complex

100

1.15

Straw Liquid

0.5 - 3%

110-120°C

Casting, encapsulating and pot-ting type systems

K-PURE CXC-1765

Organo-metallic complex

60 1.05 Straw Liquid

2 - 5% 130-150°C Low color epoxy-acid systems. Supplied in reactive diluents

Catalyst for Solvent & Water Based Epoxy Systems K-PURE CXC-1615

Amine Salt of Triflic Acid in

Water/Solvent

60

1.16

Light Amber Liquid

0.5 - 3%

110-120°C

Cationic cure of inks, adhesives and coatings for solvent or water-borne systems

Formulating Considerations

Pages 27 & 28

K-PURE® CXC-1756 Cure 110°C <

Shorter Pot-life

Catalyst Selection for Epoxy Systems

Acid Anhydride

Solid Catalysts (CXC-1612 and 1614) - These solid cata-lysts are soluble in most liquid epoxies at the recommended use levels, but making a concentrate with reactive diluents makes screening easier. Propylene carbonate is a common diluent, but liquid anhydrides and citrate esters are also suit-able. These concentrated solutions are less stable than the solid catalyst (manifested by color change), and aged con-centrates may change the formulation stability. Therefore, it is recommended that all pre-dilutions be made and used as

K-P

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Mechanism The NACORR molecules have a polar metal sulfonate group and a long hydrophobic tail. The NACORR prod-ucts prevent corrosion by two distinct mechanisms including:

Polar metal sulfonate is attracted to the metal sub-strate where it helps to electrically passivate any potential anodic sites The hydrophobic tail is oriented outward away from the metal substrate, excluding water from any potential anodic sites. This eliminates the electrolyte, one of the 4 required elements for corrosion (anode, cathode, conduc-tor and electrolyte)

NA

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Metal Substrate

Coating

Anode

Hydrophobic Barrier Layer Created by NACORR

POWDER

NACORR 1352 General Purpose Alkyd & Urethane

NACORR 1652 Improved Compatibility

With Water NACORR 1652 Synergy With Heavy

Metal Free Pigments

NACORR 1552 Best Synergy With Zinc Anticorrosive

Pigments

NACORR 4426 Emulsions

NACORR 6402 Urethane Polyester

Cementitious products

NACORR 1151 Best Corrosion Performance

NACORR 1754 Metal-free


Introduction King Industries’ NACORR® Rust & Corrosion Inhibitors provide formulators the means to impart corrosion resis-tance to aqueous, non-aqueous and powder systems. NACORR can be used as the primary corrosion inhibitor or in combination with environmentally friendly anti-corrosive pigments. They are compatible with a wide vari-ety of resins used in primers and direct to metal topcoats for a multitude of industrial applications. Benefits include: Improved corrosion protection in clearcoats and

highly pigmented systems Liquid materials make for easier incorporation Synergy with anti-corrosive pigments to replace

chromates and other environmentally unacceptable anti-corrosive pigments

Improved pigment dispersion and gloss when added to the pigment grind (for solventborne coatings)

Enhanced cure rates of amino crosslinked systems, especially with NACORR 1552 (zinc salt)

NACORR's are metal or amine salts of a hydrophobic sulfonic acid. They are available in different solvents to accommodate the broad range of coating technologies currently used. Standard solvents are Mineral Spirits or 2-Butoxyethanol.

NACORR Selection Chart by System

WATERBORNE SOLVENTBORNE

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Pages 29 & 30

PRODUCT

Sulfonate

Solvent

%

Active

Attributes/Uses

NACORR 1151

Barium Mineral Spirits 50 Best compatibility in solvent based systems. Best for low pH systems

NACORR 1352

Calcium 2-Butoxyethanol 50 Excellent in waterborne applications.

NACORR 1552*

Zinc 2-Butoxyethanol 50 Excellent adhesion. Excellent for solvent based primers. Cata-lytic in amino systems.

NACORR 1652

Magnesium 2-Butoxyethanol 50 Hardest films in thermoset coatings.

NACORR 1754

Amine 2-Butoxyethanol n-Butyl Alcohol

35 Excellent compatibility on water based systems. Effective on steel, galvanized steel and aluminum.

NACORR 4426

Sodium Complex Polymer/Water

NA Excellent in water based emulsion systems. Effective on steel, galvanized steel and aluminum.

NACORR 6402

Calcium N/A 50 Free flowing powder for easy incorporation. Silica carrier, espe-cially designed for powder coatings.

NACORR Performance

Performance - Waterborne Systems

This formulation is indicative of the level of perform-ance that can be achieved in the salt fog exposure test using 3% (on total formulation weight) NACORR 6402 in a hybrid polyester/urethane powder system. (King Formulation CI-301)

500 Hours Salt Fog Exposure (ASTM B 117-90) Cold Rolled Steel

Control + 3% NACORR 6402

Performance - Powder Systems

In the above air dry alkyd water reducible systems, a noticeable improvement in salt spray resistance over iron phosphated steel was shown with the addition of 2% NACORR liquid corrosion inhibitors.

NACORR liquid organic corrosion inhibitors provide improved corrosion resistance alone in coatings for-mulations. They allow the formulation of anticorrosive systems without anticorrosive pigments as may be required for high gloss direct to metal topcoats and clearcoats.

Control NACORR 1151 NACORR 1352 NACORR 1652

* NACORR 1552 is an excellent catalyst and corrosion inhibitor for anodic acrylic electrocoating.

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NACORR Synergy With Anti-corrosive Pigments

FORMULATION System Type Synergy With NACORR

CI-101 WB Acrylic Primer Halox® SZP-391 (strontium zinc phosphosilicate) 1351 & 1651

CI-102 WB Acrylic Primer Halox® SW-111 (strontium phosphosilicate) 1651 & 1652

CI-103 WB Acrylic Primer Boroguard® ZB (zinc borate) 1351 & 1651

CI-104 WB Acrylic Primer Busan® 11M-1 (barium metaborate) 1351 & 1651

CI-106 WB Acrylic Primer Nalzin® 2 (zinc hydroxy phosphate) 1754

CI-107 WB Acrylic Primer Wacor® ZBP-M (borate modified zinc phosphate) 1651

CI-108 WR Alkyd Topcoat Nalzin® 2 (zinc hydroxy phosphate) 1352 & 1754

CI-109 WR Alkyd Primer Novinox® PZ-02 (zinc phosphate) 1552

CI-110 WR Epoxy Ester Primer Heucophos® ZPA (zinc aluminum phosphate hydrate) 1754

CI-112 WB Polyurethane Primer

Heucophos® ZZMP (zinc molybdenum phosphate hydrate) 1352 & 1552

CI-113 WR Alkyd Primer Halox® SW-111 (strontium phosphosilicate) 1151 & 1651

CI-120 WB Acrylic Primer Heucophos® ZBZ (basic zinc phosphate silicate hydrate) 1352, 1552 & 1652

CI-121 WB Acrylic Primer Heucophos® ZPZ (basic zinc phosphate hydrate) 1352, 1552 & 1652

CI-201 HS Chain Stopped Alkyd

Wacor® ZBP-M (borate modified zinc phosphate) 1352, 1652

CI-206 Polyester/HMMM Coil Shieldex® AC-3 (calcium ion exchanged silica gel) 1551 & 1754

CI-207 Polyester OEM Primer Halox® SZP-391 (strontium zinc phosphosilicate) 1351

Performance - Synergy With Anti-corrosive Pigments In Waterborne Systems

To achieve the level of corrosion resistance found with chromates and other environmentally unacceptable anti-corrosive pigments, the NACORR products are often used synergistically with more environmentally friendly anti-corrosive pigments.

Please find below a table of King Industries, Inc. formula-tions demonstrating synergy with a wide variety of com-monly used anti-corrosive pigments, including; borates, phosphosilicates and phosphates.

WB Acrylic Primer - 500 Hours Salt Spry Strontium Phosphosilicate & NACORR 1652

Control Strontium Phosphosilicate

Strontium Phosphosilicate & 2% NACORR 1652

King Formulation CI-102 demonstrates the synergistic effect of NACORR 1652 with a strontium phosphosilicate in a waterborne air dry acrylic primer. Please note the improved corrosion resistance of the anti-corrosive pig-ment compared to the control. The use of NACORR 1652 in synergy with the anti-corrosive pigment provided a significant improvement in the corrosion resistance.

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Pages 31 & 32

Use Levels & Incorporation

Generally, addition levels of 1-3% based on total weight of the paint are effective in enhancing corrosion protection. Due to the polarity of the metal sulfonate, highly pigmented systems or pigments with high surface areas may require higher levels of NACORR. This is due to the affinity of NACORR for the pigment surface. If active pigments are reduced or eliminated, they should be replaced with inert pigments to maintain solids and critical pigment volume concentrations. The NACORR products are based on a variety of different metal salts. The NACORR metal salts appear to be very system specific. Some work better than others, depending on the resin system, type of anti-corrosive pigment, and other formulation components. It is best to evaluate several of the NACORR products in your formulation to find the best performing product. Once a product is selected, it can be optimized by conducting a ladder study to determine a use level that best meets your performance needs.

SYSTEM Incorporation Method

Solvent Based Can be post added with mild agitation or added to mill base.

Water Reducible

With Water In Mill Base If possible, remove water from base and add it to the letdown. Otherwise post-add under high agitation.

No Water In Mill Base Add 0.5 -1.0% to mill base by premixing the NACORR, solvent and resin prior to pigment. Add balance to letdown prior to any water addition

No Co-solvents Post-add under high agitation during letdown prior to any water addition

With Co-solvents Premix with coalescing solvent prior to addition. A typical ratio of 1:1 is recommended. Next add mixture under high agitation prior to any water addition.

With Co-solvents & Amines Premix with coalescent and amine. Add under high agitation prior to any water. A typical starting ratio for premix: 50% Nacorr, 45% coalescent and 5% amine by weight.

Powder Dry blend with the premix at 1% to 3% based on total weight.

Emulsions, Colloids & Dispersions

Performance - Synergy With Anti-Corrosive Pigments In Solvent Based Systems

The photos to the right demonstrate the improvement in wet adhesion of the salt spray panels when NACORR 1352 is combined with the anti-corrosive pigment in a solvent based chain stopped TOFA air dry alkyd primer. The NACORR liquid organic corrosion inhibitor was added at a 2% level as supplied on total formulation weight.

+ Calcium/Zinc Phospho-molybdate

+ NACORR 1352 Control

Synergy - Air Dry Alkyd Primer NACORR 1352 and Calcium/Zinc Phospho-molybdate

King Formulation (CI-201)

K-SPERSE Powder Dispersants – These monomeric dispersants supplied in powder form were developed for dispersing pigments into powder coatings and other solventless systems. Advantages include: Ease of use – free flowing powder Improved hiding power at low film thickness Low cost

K-SPERSE Polymeric Dispersants – These liquid polymeric dispersants were developed as dispersants for “hard-to-disperse” organic and carbon black pigments used in solventborne and solvent free liquid formulations. Best jettness with carbon black Simplicity of use - no need for synergist No effect on cure of amino resins or

isocyanates – amine free

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K-SPERSE Selection Chart

ORGANIC & INORGANIC PIGMENTS and FILLERS

K-SPERSE 5100 Epoxies and Polyesters

K-SPERSE A504 Solventless Systems

K-SPERSE 6501 General Purpose

K-SPERSE 131 Zinc-free,

No catalytic effect

ORGANIC PIGMENTS

POLYMERIC DISPERSANTS

MONOMERIC DISPERSANTS

K-SPERSE A503 General Purpose

Polyesters and Acrylics

Solventborne Systems

K-SPERSE 152 General Purpose

Solventless Systems

K-SPERSE® Dispersants for Non-Aqueous Systems

K-SPERSE additives are highly effective amine free dispersing agents for organic and inorganic pigments used in non-aqueous and solvent-free coatings and inks. They can be categorized into three distinct groups: K-SPERSE Liquid Monomeric Dispersants – These liquid products were designed as cost effective dispers-ants in a wide variety of formulations. They can be utilized with a broad range of resins including acrylics, alkyds, bitumen, epoxies, polyesters and polyurethanes. K-SPERSE 152 can be used with commercial polymeric dispersants that require the use of a synergist. Advantages include: Widest range of solubility (alcohols to aliphatic

hydrocarbons) Low dosage – highest pigment loading Highly efficient dispersing TiO2 Better color development and gloss Fast dispersion time Hydrophobic - Not moisture sensitive

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PRODUCT Composition %

Active lbs./gal. Attributes/Uses

Monomeric Dispersants

K-SPERSE 131

Calcium Sulfonate Mineral Spirits 50 7.7

Use in formulas containing driers/accelerators including alkyds, urethanes and epoxies

K-SPERSE 152

Zinc Sulfonate 2-Butoxyethanol

50

8.3

General purpose. Can be used at 1/3 to 1/2 the level of typical commercial dispersants. Synergist for competitive polymeric dispersants.

K-SPERSE 152/MS

Zinc Sulfonate Mineral Spirits

50

7.9

Mineral spirits version of K-Sperse 152.

Powder Dispersants

K-SPERSE 6501

Zinc Sulfonate Precipitated Silica

55

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Free flowing powder developed specifically for powder and solvent-free systems.

Polymeric Dispersants

K-SPERSE A503

Polymeric Dispersant Butyl Acetate 40 7.9

General purpose for use in solvent based coatings, inks and pigment concentrates.

K-SPERSE A504

Polymeric Dispersant 100 8.5

For use in 100% solids formulations including coatings, inks, pigment concentrates and plastics

K-SPERSE 5100

Polymeric Wetting & Dispersing Agent 100 9.4

Solvent-free dispersant for epoxy and polyester systems.

High Efficiency K Sperse monomeric products are designed for use in non aqueous systems. These easy to use liquid prod-ucts are effective at 50 to 75% lower loading than other dispersants. They are particularly efficient at dispersing TiO2 and iron oxides. The table below shows the typical K-Sperse 152 use levels compared to other dispersants based on the manufacturers’ recommendations.

Comparison: Weight % on Pigment

Pigment K-Sperse 152

Other Dispersants*

Phthalo Blue 3.5% 10 - 33%

Transparent Iron Oxide

5% 7 - 30%

Iron Oxide 1.5% 2.5%

Chromopthal Red 8% 12-15%

Titanium Dioxide 0.6% 1.2%

Furnace Black 7 - 35% 100%

Channel Black 7% 17 - 100%

* Hyperdispersant, Polymeric and Amphoteric

Carbon Black

K-SPERE Performance

Better Color Development Higher color strength can be obtained with the use of K-Sperse 132 & 152. Black dispersions were prepared using K-Sperse 152, a polymeric dispersant and an amphoteric dispersant to tint a white base to determine the color strength developed by each after milling for 8 hours in a steel ball mill.

K-SPERSE 152 Polymeric Disp. B Amphoteric Disp. A

K-Sperse 152 – Synergist and Catalytic Effects K-Sperse 152 is very effective as a synergist with polymeric dispersants to optimize carbon black and red shade phtalo blue dispersions. Formulators should be aware of a possible catalytic effect with K-Sperse 152. The zinc in K-Sperse 152 may complex with the driers and accelerators used in air oxidized paints. K-Sperse 152 can also contribute to the cure response in thermoset HMMM systems. K-Sperse 131/132 should be used in place of K-Sperse 152 to avoid these catalytic effects.

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K-Sperse Polymeric Dispersants Performance The accompanying photograph shows a comparison of color development after 4 hours of mixing. A Quinacridone red pigment dispersion was added to a white tint base in order to compare the color development between the various dispersants.

K-SPERSE Powder Products

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1000

10000

TiO2 (R960) TiO2 (R900) Lamp Black

Control K-5100

K-Sperse 6501 Powder Product K-SPERSE 6501 demonstrates similar performance to the liquid monomerics and should be added at the pre-mix stage of production typically at 1 to 10% as supplied on total pigment weight.

K-SPERSE Polymeric Dispersants

K-Sperse Polymeric Dispersants K -Sperse A503 and A504 are acid functional (amine free) dispersants that do not require a synergist as some commercial polymeric dispersants do. K- Sperse A503 is a good general purpose dispersant for organic pigments, and was designed to provide optimum jettness of carbon blacks and simplicity of use. K -Sperse A504 was designed for solventless systems. Advantages include: Best jettness with carbon black Increased potlife in 2K urethanes Small effect on melamine cure rates Excellent flood float resistance K-Sperse 5100 K-SPERSE 5100 is a solvent free dispersing agent for solventborne and solvent free systems. It is particularly effective in 100% solids epoxy systems. This low molecular weight polymer contains hydroxyl and carboxyl functionality and is recommended for both organic and inorganic pigments/fillers. It can be used as the sole dispersing resin or as a modifier for resins with poor wetting characteristics. The graph below demonstrates the effectiveness of K-SPERSE 5100 to disperse white and black pigments in a 100% solids, epoxy resin. The pigment to binder ratio was: White: 1:1, Black: 7:1. K-Sperse levels were at 5% on pigment for the TiO2 and 50% for the black.

K-SPERSE Polymeric Performance

Fast Color Development The test results as evidenced in the photograph to the left show that K-SPERSE A503 (center) provides faster color development.

Disp. A-1

K-SP A503

Disp. B

Excellent Flood/Float Resistance When tested in a gray melamine baking system, K-SPERSE A503 provided excellent flood/float resistance when compared to three competitive dispersants.

Disp. A-1 K-SPERSE A503

Disp. A-2 Disp. B

Gray Melamine Baking System

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PRODUCT Composition % Active

Treat Levels

Attributes/Uses

For Solvent-borne Systems

K-STAY 501

Overbased Calcium Sulfonate

Light Aromatic Naphtha

50

1 - 5%

For solvent-borne systems, including polyester/melamine, acrylic/melamine, alkyd/melamine, 2K urethanes and epoxies

Associative Thickeners For Waterborne Systems

K-STAY 730

HEUR* Thickener Water

50 0.5 - 4% High shear thinning, used to increase low and medium shear viscosity. Well suited for high film build, spray applied applications.

K-STAY 740

HEUR Thickener

100 0.2 - 1% Supplied as solid free flowing powder. Shear thinning, provides increase to low and medium shear rate viscosities. Easy to handle.

* HEUR - Hydrophobically Modified Ethoxylated Urethane Thickener

K-STAY 511

Sulfonate Light Aromatic Naphtha

50 1 - 5% Ultra high efficiency in TiO2 containing paints. Excellent gloss in urethane formulations.

K-STAY 555

Overbased Calcium Sulfonate/Light

Aromatic Naphtha - MS

57 1 - 5% General purpose anti-sag and anti-settling for solvent-borne systems. Economical, efficient and easy to use.

Product Selection Chart

K-STAY 511 Low Dosage with TiO2, high

gloss in urethanes

Powder Product Liquid Product

Waterborne Systems

K-STAY 730 Liquid HEUR Paint, Caulk and

Sealants

K-STAY 740 Powder HEUR Paint, Caulk and

Sealants

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The 700 Series - based on Hydrophobically Modified Ethoxylated Urethane Associative Thickeners (HEUR) for waterborne systems, offering Excellent sag control Zero VOC’s Ease of incorporation Pseudoplastic profile Liquid and 100% solid free flowing powder

products Both series offer shear thinning capabilities for spray, dip, roller or brush application.

K-STAY 555 General Purpose

K-STAY 501 Most Versatile

Solvent Based Systems


K-STAY rheology modifiers are available for both solvent-borne and waterborne coatings. Specifically: The K-STAY 500 Series - based on unique sulfonate technology for non-aqueous pigmented systems, offering: Excellent anti-sag and pigment suspension High efficiency - low use levels High gloss Ease of use - pourable liquids Effectiveness in a wide range of resin systems

K-STAY 500 Series for Pigmented Solventborne Systems

Performance Criteria K-STAY

501 Organo

Clay Oxidized

Polyethylene Fumed Silica

Use level, % 1 1 2 1

Sag, 350°C 6 mil 3 mil 1.5 mil 1.5 mil

60° Gloss 93 44 88 47

Brookfield Viscosity 6 rpm, cPs

1800 440 360 940

Brookfield Viscosity 60 rpm, cPs

530 250 270 370

Shear Thinning Index - STI 6/60

3.4 1.8 1.3 2.5

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As demonstrated in the performance examples that follow, specific products within the 500 Series impart: Excellent gloss retention Excellent intercoat adhesion Improved thermal sag resistance

The K-STAY 500 Series are used in pigmented solvent-borne coatings based on a variety of resin systems including acrylics, alkyds, epoxies, polyester and urethanes.

Unlike some rheology modifiers, the K-STAY 500 Series products are pourable liquids for ease of use in the production process.

K-STAY 501 Performance

K-STAY 501 was evaluated against other common rheol-ogy modifiers in a polyester melamine bake coating at their recommended use levels .The K-STAY 501 modified coating had the best gloss and best sag resistance. Performance is shown in the table to the right.


The photo on the left shows, the sag resistance achieved with the addition of 0.5% K-STAY 511 in a 2K Urethane. As shown to the right, the addition did not adversely impact gloss as some other types of rheology modifiers are known to do.

Control 0.5% K-STAY 511 Control K-STAY 511

Sag Resistance Gloss Retention

K-STAY 700 Series for Waterborne Systems

The graph below illustrates the rheological profiles of the K-STAY 700 Series for waterborne systems. The bottom brown line represents the control formulation.

As shown, adding a low to medium shear thickener (K-STAY 740) provides some shear thinning and is suitable for coatings applications i.e. roll, brush or dip. Adding a high shear thinning modifier (K-STAY 730) provides excellent spray properties.

K-STAY 700 Series Rheology Profiles

K-STAY 730 K-STAY 730 is a zero VOC, Hydrophobically modified urethane thickener with pseudoplastic characteristics. It is ideally suited for high film build, spray applied formulations. K-STAY 740 K-STAY 740 is 100% solids free flowing powder. It complies with FDA 21 CFR 175.105 (indirect contact such as adhesives for food packaging) and 175.300 for direct contact coatings. It is ideal for use in paints, caulks and sealants.

Incorporation

K-STAY 730 can be added in grind or let-down where predilution with water will ease incorporation.

K-STAY 740 can be added directly to the pigment grind. If post-added, it is recommended to prepare a pourable gel prior to addition.

K-STAY 730 - for spray applications

K-STAY 740 - for roll, dip, flow and brush applications

Control

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1st Topcoat

20° Gloss 90.4

60° Gloss 96.3

2nd Topcoat

20° Gloss 83.7

60° Gloss 95.5

Gray Primer


As shown in the photos to the left, K-STAY 555 at a 2% dosage level provided effective sag control at a 10 mils film thickness of a 2K Acrylic/Urethane white marine topcoat over a heavy duty, marine 2K gray epoxy primer. The photo to the right, shows after 2 coats of the white topcoat, 100% crosshatch adhesion was main-tained. Additionally, good gloss was retained.

Without K-STAY 555 With 2% K-STAY 555

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Introduction to D.O.G King is proud to represent D.O.G - Deutsche Oelfabrik of Hamburg, Germany in North America for the technical sales of their products for coatings including DEOLINK silanes and DEOGRIP additives for anti-slip and soft-feel coatings.

DEOLINK ® Silanes & DEOGRIP® Additives

The product listings below are merely representative and not all inclusive of D.O.G performance products, King has to offer. Please visit our web site, www.kingindustries.com or contact your King representative for additional products and information.

Deolink® Silanes form a covalent bond or molecular

bridge between the organic polymer and the inorganic substrate. Adhesion between the coating and the substrate is particularly strong displaying a wide variety of improve-ments on the physical properties of your coating.

Specific Advantages: Increased adhesion Improved scratch resistance Increased abrasion resistance Permanent chemical bond of the filler to

the polymer Reduced filler agglomerates Non Yellowing

100% ACTIVE - LIQUID SILANES 50% ACTIVE - DRY PELLETIZED SILANES

Amino TE-100

Epoxy TM-100

Epoxy TE Amino TE

Ethoxy Silane 3-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane

Methoxy Silane [3-(2,3-Epoxypropoxy)propyl]

trimethoxysilane

Ethoxy Silane Wax Carrier

Ethoxy Silane Wax Carrier

Deolink MX

Blocked Mercapto Silane Wax Carrier

LIQUID SILANE PRODUCTS

Deolink Amino TE-100

Deolink Amino TM-100

Deolink Epoxy TE-100

Deolink Epoxy TM-100

1K PU Solvent / Water 2K PU Solvent / Water PUR Dispersion Epoxy Resin Waterborne Epoxy Resin Solvent Epoxy Resin Baking Enamel

PRODUCT RECOMMENDATIONS BY SYSTEM TYPE: Excellent Good

Powder Coatings

Dry Silanes As Above

DEOLINK Silanes

DEOGRIP Micro S - Matting /Anti-slip/skid Additive

DEOLINK Micro S is a matting and antislip agent for solvent based systems that can be used to create a soft-touch feel while providing a good grip.

Based on a radically modified castor oil, DEOGRIP Micro S is typically used at 5 to 15% range to obtain the aforementioned effects.

Disparlon additives are manufactured by Kusumoto Chemicals Ltd. of Tokyo, Japan. Through a technology partnership spanning over three decades, King Industries, Inc. serves as exclusive sales, technical service and marketing arm in North and South America.

DISPARLON® is a registered trademark of Kusumoto Chemicals Ltd., Tokyo, Japan.

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DISPARLON® Thixotropes Introduction Disparlon thixotropes offer today’s formulators a wide choice of unique products for conventional, high solids and aqueous coatings, as well as specialty additives for inks, adhesives, gel-coats, sealants and caulks. Their primary advantages over other types of thixotropes (organo-clay, castor wax or fumed silica) are: Superior shear thinning Non-seeding Maximum anti-sagging/anti-settling Excellent stability on aging Superior performance in high gloss systems Disparlon anti-sag and anti-settling agents can be characterized into two functional types: NON-PIGMENT DEPENDENT - These types of thixotropes, which include polyamide powders and

pastes function by forming a three dimensional network. Since these thixotropes are non-associative by nature, they do not require the presence of pigments or fillers to function. These thixotropes can be used in pigmented or clear systems. PIGMENT DEPENDENT - These products are dependent on the type and level of pigment in the formulation, since they adsorb onto pigment surfaces to provide thickening efficiency. Also included in the pigment dependent type are “Hybrids”, polyamide waxes that are coated with pigment dependent polyethylene waxes. These “Hybrids” offer excellent pigment suspension plus sag control. .

NON-PIGMENT DEPENDENT TYPE Magnification of Disparlon 6900-20X under an electron microscope, illustrative of polyamide based thixotropes.

PIGMENT DEPENDENT TYPE Magnification of Disparlon 4200-10 under an electron microscope showing oxidized poly-olefin particles that will absorb on the surface of pigments and other thixotropes.

Types Of Thixotropes

“HYBRID” PIGMENT DEPENDENT Magnification of Disparlon NS-30 under an electron microscope showing polyamide coated with oxidized polyolefin.

The Disparlon trade name is applied to a series of functional additives used in paint, ink, adhesive and sealant markets worldwide. Major product types include, thixotropes, dispersants and surface control agents. Originally designed for solvent systems, the Disparlon line has expanded in recent years to include high performance additives used in aqueous, powder and uv systems.

DISPARLON® Additives for Surface Control and Thixotropy

Powder thixotropes (100% active) require heat and/or hydrogen bonding to activate. By heating these thixotropes to the appropriate temperature in the formulation using good agitation, the polyamide will swell and disperse (activate), and provide very efficient thickening.

Disparlon Powder Polyamide Thixotropes

Hydrogen bonding from materials such as amine functional and hydroxyl functional solvents and resins will help lower the activation temperature. Products are available for coatings, sealants and adhesives.

PRODUCT Composition Volatile Solids % Form

Additive Level By Total Weight

Attributes/Uses

DISPARLON 6100*

Polyamide _ 100% Powder

0.5 - 3.0%

Sag/Slump control. Lowest activation temperature. Designed specifically for MMA, adhesives and sealants.

DISPARLON 6200*


0.5 - 3.0%

Sag/Slump control. Low activation temperature. Designed specifically for adhesives and sealants.

DISPARLON 6500


0.5 - 2.0%

Sag control. Most versatile. General purpose coatings and sealants.

DISPARLON 6600


0.5 - 2.0% Sag control with improved recoatability for coatings, such as epoxy primers.

DISPARLON 6650


0.5 - 2.0% Cost effective sag control with improved recoatability for coatings, such as epoxy primers.

DISPARLON 6700

Polyamide - 100% Powder

0.5 - 2.0% Sag control in heavy-duty paints. Particularly effective in 100% solids epoxies and epoxy coatings containing polar solvents.

DISPARLON 6300


0.5 - 2.0% Ideal for use in formulations where a low activation temperature is needed such as 100% solids epoxy coatings and adhesives. D

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Powder Thixotropes Selection Chart

The polyamide powder thixotropes need to be activated (swelled and dispersed) in the system. Add the powder to the pigment grind portion of the formulation. While grinding the pigments, allow the temperature of the grind to rise to the temperatures shown in the selection chart above. Once at the “activation temperature” continue to grind for 15 minutes to get full activation of the polyamide.

After activating the polyamide, it is generally best to mix slowly during the first 20ºC of cool down. The slow mixing during cool down will give the system the most uniform and reproducible rheology. Please note, these materials will activate at lower temperatures than shown in the chart when in the presence of alcohols or amines, due to increased hydrogen bonding.

Powder Thixotropes Incorporation

DISPARLON 6100 Activation Temperature: 30°C to 60°C

Lowest activation temperature MMA, adhesives and sealants


Low activation temperature Sealants and adhesives


Lowest activation temperature For use in coatings and adhesives DISPARLON 6650

Activation Temperature: 60°C to 70° C Cost effective, maintenance coatings

Sealants & Adhesives Lower activation temperatures

Coatings Excellent recoatability

DISPARLON 6600 Activation Temperature: 60°C to 70°C High efficiency, maintenance coatings


High solids and 100% solids epoxy

DISPARLON 6500 Activation Temperature:

60°C to 65°C in solvent or monomer 90° to 110°C in resins

For use in coatings and sealants

Disparlon Preactivated Polyamide Thixotropes



Attributes/Uses

DISPARLON A603-20X

Pre-activated Polyamide Wax

Xylene 20% Paste

0.5 - 5.0% Moisture cure urethane systems

DISPARLON A650-20X


Xylene Alcohols

20% Paste

0.5 - 5.0%

Primers and industrial maintenance coatings. Best efficiency in thick films.

DISPARLON A670-20M


Mineral Spirits Alcohols

20% Paste

0.5 - 5.0%

DIY and industrial stains for good anti-settling of pigments. DIY varnishes for suspension/spacing of flattening pigments.

DISAPRLON A671-EZ


Mineral Spirits Alcohol

10% Paste

0.5 - 5.0%

Easier to use version of A670-20M

DISPARLON 6900-20X


Xylene Alcohols

20% Paste

0.5 - 1.5% anti-settling 1.0 - 5.0% anti-sagging

General purpose. Best gloss in thin films & clears or with metallic and pearlescent pigments.

DISPARLON F-9030


Benzyl Alcohols

30% Paste

0.4-4.0% 100% solids epoxy systems and epoxy floor paints.

DISPARLON PFA-231

Preactivated Polyamide Paste

Hydrocarbons, Ethanol/IPA

20% Paste

0.5 - 5.0% Haps-free version of 6900-20X.

DISPARLON BB-102


Butyl Acetate Alchols

10% Paste

0.5 - 5.0% Pourable paste. Post addable, HAPS free for best overall appearance and easiest incorporation.

DISPARLON PFA-240


PCBTF 20% Paste

0.5 - 5.0% 0 VOC version of 6900-20X.

The preactivated polyamide thixotropes are ready to use. They do not require heat for activation, and can be added directly to the formulation. These materials can be used in clear as well as pigmented systems, and offer good anti-sag and anti-settling properties. The preactivated

polyamides are commonly used in coatings such as aero-sol paints, clear coats, architectural stains, auto refinish, industrial and maintenance coatings. They can also be used to orient metallic pigments and flattening pigments in oil modified urethanes.

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Preactivated Thixotropes Selection Chart

DISPARLON 6900-20X General Purpose

10 micron particle size - Best in films <1 mil

DISPARLON A650-20X 20 micron particle size

Best in films over 1 mil, most efficient

DISPARLON F-9030 Benzyl alcohol carrier

Use in 100% solids epoxies

DISPARLON A603-20X Alcohol free version of 6900-20X

Moisture cure urethanes

DISPARLON A671-EZ Easier incorporation

DIY urethanes and stains

Preactivated Thixotropes Incorporation

The preactivated pastes are best added to the end of the grind and dispersed with good agitation before the letdown step. It is also recommended to incorporate the pastes by making a master batch. This method involves

pre-dispersing the paste in a resin/solvent medium (4 parts resin/1 part solvent/1 part Disparlon). It is important to avoid air entrapment. Please mix with a vortex only to the shaft. Please refer to individual technical data sheets for more information. Disparlon A671-EZ and BB-102 can be post added.

DISPARLON BB-102 Ultra fine particle size. Post Addable.

DISPARLON PFA-240 0 VOC version of 6900-20X

Industrial Coatings Moisture Cured Urethanes DYI - Urethane & Stains

DISPARLON A670-20M Satin & flat oil modified

DIY urethanes and stains

DISPARLON PFA-231 HAPS free version of 6900-20X

Disparlon Pigment Dependent Thixotropes



Attributes/Uses

DISPARLON 4200-10

Oxidized Polyethylene

Xylene 10% Liquid

1.0 - 5.0%

All non-aqueous pigmented systems. Anti-Settling Agent. Complies with FDA 21CFR Section 175.300 (b) (3) xii & xiii (a) & (b)

DISPARLON 4200-20

Oxidized Polyethylene

Xylene 20% Paste

0.3 - 1.0%

All non-aqueous pigmented systems Anti-Settling Agent. Complies with FDA 21 CFR Section 175.300 (b) (3) xii & xiii (a) & (b)

DISPARLON NS-30

Hybrid of Oxidized Polyethylene

with Polyamide

Xylene 15% Paste

1.0 - 5.0%

For polyamide side of 2K epoxy maintenance coatings. Not recommended for high gloss coatings. Anti-sag & settle.

DISPARLON F-9050

Hybrid of Oxidized Polyethylene

with Polyamide

Low Volatility Diluent

20% Paste

1.0 - 5.0%

Solvent free anti-sag and anti-settling agent.

DISPARLON NS-5500

Hybrid ofOxidized Polyethylene

with Polyamide

Aromatic 100 Alcohols

7.5% Liquid

2.0 - 5.0% Easy to use fluid paste for improved flip/flop with metallics and orientation and anti-settling of flatten-ing silica and inorganic pigments. Post-add.

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DISPARLON 4200-10 Use in epoxies, acrylics and urethanes

Liquid: can be post-added

DISPARLON F-9050 Solvent free

Excellent pigment suspension

This type of thixotrope imparts rheology by setting up a network structure with pigments, fillers, and even particle swelling thixotropes. These thixotropes are designed for

pigmented systems only and help control flood/float, prevent settling and provide good sag resistance properties.

Pigment Dependent Thixotropes Incorporation

For best results these thixotropes should be added to the grind portion of the formulation and attain a temperature of 50⁰C.

DISPARLON 4200-10 and NS-5500 can be added to the letdown or post added.

Pigment Dependent Thixotropes Selection

DISPARLON 4200-20 Use in epoxies, acrylics and urethanes

DISPARLON NS-5500 Metallic flip/flop improvement Excellent pigment suspension

DISPARLON NS-30 Maintenance coatings, zinc rich prim-

ers, and 2K epoxies (amide side)

Performance Comparison

Additive Type: A: Blank B: EVA Copolymer Wax (10% Xylene) C: DISPARLON 4200-10 D: DISPARLON 6900-20X E: DISPARLON 6900-20X/4200-10 (NS-5500) F: Organo Clay (1) G: Organo Clay (2) H: Organo Clay (3) I: Fumed Silica Formulation: Acrylic melamine metallic base coat. 2 weeks after adjusting viscosity to 15 sec., #4 FORD Cup

A B C D E F G H I

Oxidized Polyolefin Anti-settling Agent

Hybrid Thixotropes Polyamide/Polyolefin

Anti-setting and Anti-sagging

The DISPARLON AQ Series of anti-settling and pigment orientation agents are recommended for use in water-borne coatings, inks, varnishes and stains. They are ex-tremely shear thinning which allows for easy application by spray, dip, brush or roller, while maintaining excellent

Disparlon Thixotropes for Aqueous Systems

anti-settling in the container. The AQ Series is designed to suspend dense materials such as metallic, pearlescent and iron oxide pigments, while maintaining low “in can” viscosity and good sag resistance.

PRODUCT Composition Volatile Solids % Additive Level Attributes/Uses

DISPARLON AQ-600

Polyamide

Water 7% Propylene Glycol Mono Methyl Ether

20% Gel

1.0 - 3.0% Water reducible systems.

DISPARLON AQ-607

Polyamide

Water 5% Propylene Glycol

17% Gel

1.0 - 3.0%

Dispersions and emulsions. Best compatibility. Excellent efficiency.

DISPARLON AQ-610

Polyamide

Water 4% Propylene Glycol

Mono Butyl Ether

17% Gel

1.0 - 3.0%

Dispersions and emulsions.

DSPARLON AQ-870

Polyamide Water 8% 2-ethylhexanol

N, N, trimethylethanolamine

15% Liquid

1.0 - 3.0% Water reducible systems. Liquid version of AQ-600.

DISPARLON AQX-60

Polyamide Water

15% Gel

1.0 - 3.0% Co-solvent free version of AQ-607

DISPARLON AQX-61

Polyamide Water 15% Gel

1.0 - 3.0% Co-solvent free version of AQ-610.

DSPARLON AQH-800

Polyamide Hybrid

Water 8% Propylene Glycol Mono Methyl Ether

10% Liquid

1.0 - 3.0% General purpose anti-settle and anti-sag. Post addable. Easiest to use. Recommended for all waterborne

Excellent Anti-Settling** Excellent Pigment Orientation Excellent Sag Control**

Blank 2% AQ-600

75 µ 100 µ 150 µ 200 µ 250 µ

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Thixotropes for Aqueous Systems Selection

DISPARLON AQ-600 Water reducible systems

DISPARLON AQH-800 General purpose - Very shear thinning

Easy to use as post add

DISPARLON AQ-870 Liquid version of AQ-600

AQ Series Thixotropes Incorporation

AQ Series Performance

Disparlon AQ-600, 607, 610, AQX-60, AQX-61 should be prediluted before addition: Mix AQ with water (4 parts water/1 part AQ), at low to medium shear for 20 minutes, and add to the batch

with good mixing. Water should be preneutralized and mix without vortexing to the blade.

Disparlon AQH-800 & AQ-870 should be post added.

DISPARLON AQ-610/AQX-61 Emulsions and dispersions

Water Reducible Systems Emulsions and Dispersions

DISPARLON AQ-607/AQX-60 Dispersions and emulsions

Very Efficient

** All samples tested at application viscosity:

FC #4 - 27 sec. (25℃)

Blank AQH-800 ASE Type Urethane

Blank AQH-800 ASE Type Urethane

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Disparlon Surface Tension Modifiers

PRODUCT Composition Volatile Solids% Form


Attributes/Uses

DISPARLON 1958

Vinyl Polymer Mineral Spirits 20% Liquid

0.2 - 1.0% For use with long oil alkyds.

DISPARLON 1970

Acrylic Polymer Xylene Mineral Spirits

40% Liquid

0.2 - 0.8% Baking enamels: automotive, coil.

DISPARLON OX-60

Acrylic Polymer Xylene 50% Liquid

0.2 - 1.0%

Ambient cure and Bake Finishes. Acrylic and polyester coatings. Excellent in urethane coatings.

DISPARLON OX-70

Acrylic Polymer Toluene Mineral Spirits

30% Liquid

0.2 - 1.0%

Epoxy coatings. Ambient cure.

DISPARLON OX-750 HF

Acrylic Polymer Solvent Naptha 10% Liquid

0.5 - 1.5% Acrylic and polyester coatings. Bake coatings. Automotive. HAPS free.

DISPARLON OX-883 HF

Acrylic Polymer Solvent Naptha 30% Liquid

0.2 - 1.5% Acrylic and polyester coatings. Bake coatings. Automotive. HAPS free.

A comparison of defoaming, leveling, anti-cratering and anti-popping additives as arranged by polarity is shown below. The products are acrylic and vinyl based and give excellent recoatability. The OX series are designed to release air from the coating.

The L Series and LCN-400 are leveling agents. The LHP series eliminate cratering due to surface contami-nation by lowering the surface tension of the coating. The LAP series eliminate popping in high solids and coil coatings.

1958 Long Oil Alkyds

OX-70 Epoxies

OX-60 Acrylics & Polyesters

L-1983 Epoxies

L-1982 Epoxy Phenolic Can Coatings

LCN-400 General Purpose

L-1984 Polyesters

Acrylics

1970 High Solids Polyester

Coil Coatings

L-1980 Polyesters

L-1985-50 Acetone

Alcohol Ctg.

LAP-10 High Solids Ctgs. General Purpose

LAP-20 High Solids Ctgs.

LAP-30 High Solids Ctgs.

LHP-95 Wetting & Leveling Primers & Topcoats

MODIFIER’S FUNCTION

Defoaming Anti-popping

Leveling Anti-cratering

Less Polar More Polar

Surface Tension Modifiers for Solventborne Systems Selection Chart

Defoamers for Solventborne Systems

OX-883HF Acrylics & Polyesters

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OX-750HF Acrylics & Polyesters

LHP-90 Wetting & Leveling Primers & Topcoats

NSH-8430HF Best surface wetting

Topcoats LHP-96

Best surface wetting Topcoats

LHP-91 Best surface wetting

Topcoats

Pages 45 & 46

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Anti-popping Agents for Solventborne Systems

DISPARLON L-1980

Acrylic Polymer _ 100% Liquid

0.1 - 0.5%

Polyesters, can, coil. Complies with FDA 21 CFR*

DISPARLON L-1982

Acrylic Polymer -

100% Liquid

0.1 - 0.5%

Epoxy phenolic can coatings.

DISPARLON L-1983


0.1 - 0.5%

Epoxy coatings. Complies FDA 21 CFR*

DISPARLON L-1984


0.1 - 0.5%

Most versatile. Acrylic & polyester based coatings. Automotive coatings.Complies FDA 21 CFR*

DISPARLON LCN-400

Acrylic Polymer n-butyl acetate

50% Liquid

0.1 - 1.0% General purpose, cost effective, easy to use.

DISPARLON L-1985-50

Acrylic Polymer Toluene 50% Liquid

0.1– 1.0%

Coatings containing very polar solvents such as, ethanol, methanol, or acetone.

DISPARLON LHP-90

Vinyl Polymer

Naphtha Ethyl acetate

N-Butyl alcohol

50% Liquid

1.0 - 2.0%

Excellent substrate wetting and leveling. Eliminates surface de-fects. Silicone free. Auto refinish and industrial coatings.

DISPARLON LHP-91

Vinyl Polymer Silicone Modified

Naphtha Ethyl acetate

N-Butyl alcohol

50% Liquid

1.0 - 2.0% Silicone modified version of Disparlon LHP-90.

DISPARLON LHP-95

Acrylic Polymer Naphtha

50% Liquid

1.0 - 2.0% Excellent substrate wetting and leveling. Eliminates surface de-fects. Silicone free. Auto refinish and industrial coatings.

DISPARLON LHP-96

Acrylic Polymer Silicone Modified

Naphtha

50% Liquid

1.0 - 2.0% Silicone modified version of Disparlon LHP-95.

DISPARLON NSH-8430 HF

Acrylic Silicone Copolymer

Solvent naphtha, butyl acetate

10% Liquid

0.5 - 2.0% Silicone acrylic copolymer. Excel-lent wetting and leveling with good recoatability. Primers and top-coats. Bake systems.

Leveling Agents for Solventborne Systems

Anti-cratering Agents for Solventborne Systems

* FDA 21 CFR Section 175.300 (b) (3) xii & xiii (a & b)

DISPARLON LAP-10

Acrylic Polymer Naphtha n-Butyl Acetate

20% Liquid

0.3-2.0%

All high solids systems. Select based on coating polarity. Coil coatings.

DISPARLON LAP-20

Acrylic Polymer n-Butyl Acetate 20% Liquid

0.3 - 2.0% All high solids systems. Select based on coating polarity. Intermediate polarity coatings.

DISPARLON LAP-30

Acrylic Polymer n-Butyl Acetate

20% Liquid

0.3 - 2.0% All high solids systems. Select based on coating polarity. High polarity coatings.



Attributes/Uses

PL Series Surface Tension Modifiers for Solventless - Powder Systems

DISPARLON PL-545

Vinyl Polymer Castor Oil Derivative

100% Powder

0.5 - 3.0%

General purpose leveling. Complies FDA 21 CFR*

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AQ Series Surface Tension Modifiers for Aqueous Systems

Surface Tension Modifiers for Aqueous Systems Selection Chart



Attributes/Uses

Anti-flood & Anti-float

DISPARLON KS-273N

Amine Salt of Polyester with Acrylic Polymer

Xylene 45% Liquid

0.2 - 1.0%

Mixed organic and inorganic pigments. Prevents flocculation and flood/float.

DISPARLON KS-873N

Anionic Surfactant Xylene 45% Liquid

0.2 - 1.0%

Mixed organic and inorganic pigments. Prevents flocculation and flood/float.

Dispersants

DISPARLON DA-325

Amine Salt of Polyester Phosphate Ester

- 100% Liquid

1-20% (Inorganic Pigments/Fillers) 30-100% (Organic Pigments/Carbon Black)

Solvent-free. Dispersing of organic pigments.

DISPARLON DA-375

Polyether Phosphate - 100% Liquid

1-20% (Inorganic Pigments/Fillers) 30-100% (Organic Pigments/Carbon Black)

Solvent-free. Dispersing of organic pigments.

The Disparlon dispersing agents are formulated for effectiveness depending upon the pigment type and the system’s polarity, to: Improve color strength and gloss Prevent flocculation Reduce grinding time Reduce-eliminate flood & float problems

While all products are well suited in eliminating floating problems, each has specific strengths in terms of other characteristics such as the prevention of flooding and Bernard cell formation, as well as imparting superior pigment wetting and stabilization of the pigment dispersion. Dispersants should be added to the vehicle before pigment addition; KS-273N and KS-873N can be post added.

Disparlon Dispersants & Anti-flood/Anti-float Additives

DISPARLON AQ-7120

Silicone acrylic copolymer

2-Ethylhexyl Alcohol

30% Liquid

0.5 - 1.5% Excellent wetting and leveling with excellent recoatability.

DISPARLON LS-430

Polyether modified silicone

Propylene glycol monmethylether

50% Liquid

0.03-1.0% Strong wetting, leveling and anti-cratering.

DISPARLON AQ-501

Vinyl Polymer Surfactants

Petroleum Naphtha

85% Liquid

0.3 - 1.0% Anti-popping agent for waterborne bake systems.

DISPARLON AQ-7533


Hydrocarbon, 2-ethylhexyl alcohol

30% Liquid

1.0-3.0% Universal defoamer and anti-popping agent for all types of waterborne coatings.

PRODUCT Composition Volatile Solids% Additive Level Attributes/Uses

Disparlon AQ-7533

Defoaming & Anti-popping

Disparlon LS-430

Strong Wetting & Leveling Anti-cratering

Disparlon AQ-501

Anti-popping

% Pigment Weight


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FUNCTION KEY: Defoaming Anti-popping Wetting & Leveling

Disparlon AQ-7120

Wetting & Leveling Excellent Recoatability

DISPARLON AQ-7120

Silicone Acrylic Polymers

2-Ethylhexyl Alcohol

30% Liquid

0.5 - 1.5% Excellent wetting and leveling with excellent recoatability.

DISPARLON AQ-501


Petroleum Naphtha

85% Liquid

0.3 - 1.0% Anti-popping agent for water reducible and emulsion bake systems.

DISPARLON AQ-7533

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AQ Series Dispersants for Aqueous Systems



Attributes/Uses

DISPARLON AQ-320

Polyether Phosphate

- 100% Liquid

1-20% (Inorganic Pigments), 30 to 100% (Organic Pigments)

Pearlescent and metallic pigment dispersions made with cosolvent such as butylglycol.

DISPARLON AQ-330

Polyether Phosphate

- 100% Liquid


Pearlescent and metallic pigment dispersions made without cosolvent.

DISPARLON AQ-340

Amine Salt of Polyether

Phosphate

Water, Propylene glycol monomethylether

30% Liquid


Specifically designed to disperse carbon black and organic pigments in waterborne formulations.

DISPARLON AQ-380

Acrylic Polymer

Propylene glycol monomethylether

30% Liquid

3-30% (Inorganic Pigments), 40 to 100% (Carbon Black & Organic Pigments)

Specifically designed to disperse carbon black and organic pigments in waterborne formulations.

The DISPARLON AQ series of dispersants for waterborne systems were designed for two distinct types of pigments. DISPARLON AQ-320 and AQ-330 are recommended for

pearlescent and metallic pigments while DISPARLON AQ-340 and AQ-380 were designed for dispersing carbon black and other organic pigments.

Metallic & Pearlescent Pigments

Containing Co-solvents

DISPARLON AQ-320 DISPARLON AQ-330

Without Co-solvents

Carbon Black & Other Pigments

AQ Dispersants Selection Chart

DISPARLON AQ-380 General Purpose

DISPARLON AQ-340

AQ Dispersants Performance

Control With 1.5% AQ-320 Control With

1.5% AQ-330

Dispersion of Pearlescent Paste - WB Basecoat

Dispersion of Aluminum Paste - WB Basecoat (Containing co-solvent)

WB Acrylic/HMMM Coating 20° Gloss - Control: 53.8, With AQ-380: 91.4

Control With 16% AQ-380 Pages 47 & 48

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Defoaming In wet urethane acrylate clearcoat

Disparlon UVX Series Additives for UV Systems

PRODUCT Composition Solids% Form


Attributes/Uses

DISPARLON UVX-188

Vinyl Polymer 100% Liquid

0.5 - 1.0% For use in cationic epoxy based UV systems.

DISPARLON UVX-189


0.5 - 1.0% General purpose. For use in cationic epoxy and acrylic based UV systems.

DISPARLON UVX-190


0.5 - 1.0% For use in acrylic based UV systems.

DEFOAMERS

LEVELING ADDITIVES

DISPARLON UVX-35


0.5 - 1.0% For use in highly polar UV systems.

DISPARLON UVX-36


0.5 - 1.0% For use in acrylic UV systems.

WETTING ADDITIVES

DISPARLON UVX-272

Acrylic Silicone Polymer

1000% Liquid

0.5 - 1.0% General purpose, fluorocarbon replacement. For use in cationic epoxy and acrylic UV systems.

DISPARLON L-1983

Acrylic Polymer 100% Liquid

0.5 - 1.0% For use in epoxy based UV systems. Complies with FDA 21 CFR Section 175.300 (b) (3) xii & xiii (a & b)

Elapsed Time (90 Minutes)

A comparison of solvent free defoaming, leveling, and wetting additives as arranged by polarity is shown below. The UVX series are designed specifically for use in

Surface Tension Modifiers for UV Systems Selection Chart

UVX-190 Epoxies

UVX-189 General Purpose

UVX-188 Acrylics

UVX-35 Highest Polarity

UVX-36 Acrylics

L-1983 Epoxies

UVX-272 General Purpose

UV formulations. The products are based on acrylic, vinyl and silicone acrylic polymers and give excellent recoatability.


Lowest surface tension Acrylic Silicone Copolymer

KEY: MODIFIER FUNCTION Defoaming Leveling Wetting

Control UVX-189 Comp.

Wetting Comparison Urethane Acrylate Clearcoat - 50µ on Polypropylene Film

BLANK UVX-272 Fluorocarbon

UVX Performance

Pages 37 & 38

WARRANTY OF INFORMATION

The conditions of your use and application of our products, technical assistance and information (whether verbal, written or by way of product evaluations), including any suggested formulations and recommendations, are beyond our control. Therefore, it is imperative that you test our products, technical assistance and information to determine to your own satisfaction whether they are suitable for your intended uses and applications. Such testing has not necessarily been done by King Industries, Inc. (“King”). The facts, recommendations and suggestions herein stated are believed to be reliable; however, no guaranty or warranty of their accuracy is made. EXCEPT AS STATED, THERE ARE NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS OR OTHERWISE. KING SHALL NOT BE HELD LIABLE FOR SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, CONSEQUENTIAL OR EXEMPLARY DAMAGES. Any statement inconsistent herewith is not authorized and shall not bind King. Nothing herein shall be construed as a recommendation to use any product(s) in conflict with patents covering any material or its use. No license is implied or granted under the claims of any patent. Sales or use of all products are pursuant to Standard Terms and Conditions stated in King sales documents.

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King Industries is headquartered in Norwalk, CT, USA and maintains technical sales offices in Waddinxveen, The Netherlands and Zhongshan, China. A network of technical sales representatives and distributors serve King customers in virtually every industrialized country of the world. In addition to coatings additives, King manufacturers and markets specialty products for the lubricant industry, electronics industry, rubber industry, inks, sealants and adhesives. For additional information on King products or our global network of technical sales representatives, please contact our primary offices as shown below.

WORLD HEADQUARTERS

King Industries, Inc. 1 Science Rd. Norwalk, CT 06852 Phone: 203-866-5551 Fax: 203-866-1268 Email: [email protected]

ASIA-PACIFIC OFFICE EUROPEAN OFFICE

Synlico Tech (Zhongshan) Co., Ltd. 106 Chuangye Building, Kang Le Ave. Torch Development Zone, Zhongshan, China Phone: 86 760 88229866 Fax: 86 760 88229896 Email: [email protected]

King Industries, International Noordkade 64 2741 EZ Waddinxveen The Netherlands Phone: 31 182 631360 Fax: 31 182 621002 Email: [email protected]

Additional Information - Visit us at: www.kingindustries.com Detailed product data sheets for each product and performance reports are available by contacting the King offices as shown above or emailing; [email protected].

King Global Network

Pages 49 & 50

COATINGS TECHNICAL SUPORT

With decades of experience, King’s technical service and research scientists are ready to assist you in the development of your specific requirements for your particular formulations. From answering a quick ques-tion to collaborative development projects under secrecy agreements, we view intensive technical support of our products as the foundation of our business. Please contact as shown above if we can assist you.

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