M A S T E R V O L T
S O L A RP O W E R
S O L U T I O N S
Light and heat. The power to stay healthy.
The capacity to grow. The sun is the
sustainable source of energy for life on
this planet. And thanks to modern tech-
nology, we can optimise the output taken
from this energy. The sun is a shining
example of efficient power generation
without harming the environment. Turning
solar energy with the best possible out-
put into electrical power that comes out
of a socket is the ultimate challenge. And
this is where Mastervolt comes in.
Mastervolt develops and manufactures top-quality power
electronics that converts the power of the sun into usable
electrical energy. Equally at home with grid-connected
and autonomous applications, Mastervolt is a vital link in
PV systems throughout the world.
Mastering the
power of the sun
Mastervolt :
A partner with power
A reliable energy supply, in all places and at all times. With
this mission, Mastervolt has developed into a leading player
in a wide range of markets over the past decade. On a
global scale, Mastervolt now plays a key role in the fields
of mobile and maritime power provision, both recreational
as well as professional. And the same applies to solar
energy. Mastervolt offers you the craftsmanship, expertise
and products you need to turn the power of the sun into
high-quality energy.
Solar energy and comfortable living go hand in hand. As a partner in major construction projects - such as this new
residential complex in North Holland - Mastervolt provides the most crucial part of a quality PV system. In house after
house, grid-connected switch mode Sunmaster inverters offer significant reductions in electricity costs.
The power of g lobal experience
Partnering with Mastervolt brings you all the benefits of
international experience and know-how. Whether stand-
alone or connected to the grid, our high-tech equipment
is installed throughout the world by those who value a
reliable and sustainable energy supply. From isolated villages
in Nicaragua to mountain towns in Spain. From new
residential projects in the Netherlands to the Philippine
countryside. From America to Asia and Australia.
In close cooperation with local utility companies and solar
module providers, Mastervolt ensures that the sun’s
power is used for the benefit of people. For the grid-
connected PV market alone, Mastervolt has already
produced more than 100,000 solar inverters.
Electrical power supply is the basis for further development. A lamp light
allowing a book to be read at night. The power for a computer. The benefits of
Mastervolt stand-alone equipment are seen worldwide, from a bamboo house
in Africa to a rural school in Central America This is the other specialty of
Mastervolt equipment: powering rural locations without utility grid connection.
Custom-made power:
The Sunmaster QS ser ies
Developed for grid-connected applications and offering
an exceptionally high efficiency of 95.5 percent,
Mastervolt Sunmaster QS inverters get the most out
of solar panels. Switch mode technology makes bulky and
heavy transformer technology superfluous. As a result,
the QS inverters are exceptionally compact and light-
weight. Monitoring via the PC is standard, and an
extensive data logging system is available as an option.
The power of technology,
development and des ign
Thanks to our range of high-tech products, Mastervolt has
become a leading A-brand in the mobile and maritime
markets. And our equipment is an equally essential part of
the fast-growing solar market. Every product is designed to
meet the most stringent requirements. Our research and
development team are constantly seeking new ways to
translate tomorrow's technology into improved performance
today. Every part is designed to play a reliable and faultless
role within an electrical power system. And a regular supply
of new innovations offers increased efficiency and output.
Practical experience shows the power of our approach...
Mastervolt is the beating heart of countless solar energy
systems.
The power of comfort and access ib i l i ty
Mastervolt equipment has proved its worth in daily practice. Each of our products sets a new standard in reliability, ease of
installation and comfort. Accessible monitoring functions offer a complete overview of performance. Thanks to the small
dimensions of the Sunmaster, it is easy to find a suitable place for installation. The carefully considered design with a neatly
arranged LED read-out further optimises the user-friendliness.
No weak links
Vital functions are controlled with the utmost
precision by powerful microprocessors.
Meticulously developed control electronics
protect the system from malfunctioning.
Smart temperature controlled cooling fans
perform their task in absolute silence. Each
link in a Mastervolt system makes its own
contribution to the overall reliability, sustain-
ability and user friendliness.
Clear monitor ing funct ions
Mastervolt data control monitoring facilitates extra output for larger grid-
connected solar systems, for example in a housing estate. The monitoring
guarantees you optimal control. Poor performance due, for instance, to shading
on the roof, is quickly registered. Permanent data monitoring offers a clear
insight into the output per hour, day or year.
The susta inable power of worldwide
serv ice and support
Mastervolt is committed to sustainable relationships as
well as sustainable power. Nowhere is this more apparent
than in our service and support network, spread across
more than 50 countries. Setting up a new solar energy
project? Extending or adapting an existing system? An
experienced Mastervolt specialist is there to help you.
On-t ime del ivery
At Mastervolt, we take our obligations in terms of meeting
after-sales guarantees very seriously. Our logistical approach
is geared towards on-time delivery, regardless of the size
of your project. In this way, we make sure that our custo-
mers can always rely on Mastervolt.
Product ion and control in
your own hands
As one of the most delicate parts of a PV system, the
Sunmaster QS is responsible for numerous vital functions.
Accurate conversion from DC array voltage to grid power.
Information on both DC input and AC output, volts and
amps. System security. Manufactured according to ISO
9001:2000, the Sunmaster QS meets the highest standards.
Every product and component is thoroughly examined
with an ICT computerized tester before delivery.
Educat ion and tra in ing
In addit ion to the qual i ty of our products,
Mastervolt’s reputation for reliability is also due to a
service network that offers fast and local support.
Thanks to a continuous education and training
programme, our dealers are always up to speed with
the latest developments and fully trained to safely
install Mastervolt equipment. Our solar specialists
are dedicated to this sector and always happy to
offer you advice and support on any project.
The power of 24-hour serv ice
It is essential that power electronics equipment is completely
reliable. Mastervolt underlines its commitment to this
principle by offering a worldwide warranty on all products:
The Mastervolt Guarantee Plan. Should an unsolvable
breakdown occur, our experts are ready to assist you
24 hours a day. Wherever you are in the world.
www.mastervolt .com:
Always up to date
A vital part of our communication is the extensive website,
offering accurate information about products, projects
and events. Our extended support area contains literally
any operating manual, technical or commercial documents
and software.
Our QS design wizard software is a useful supporting
program to design grid connected PV systems, utilizing
the correct Sunmaster QS inverter.
Mastervolt inverters offer tailor-made power to every
configuration, large or small. Leading edge technology
ensures that the energy supplied by solar cells is of a
consistently high quality and optimally efficient. And
our QS DESIGN WIZARD calculation tool means it
couldn’t be easier to choose the right inverter for your
needs. Visit www.mastervoltsolar.com/oneminute/ and
see for yourself.
INTERNATIONAL DISTRIBUTOR LIST (SOLAR PRODUCTS)
MASTERVOLT BV, NETHERLANDSSnijdersbergweg 93NL-1105 AN AMSTERDAMtelephone : INT + 31 20 [email protected]
MASTERVOLT GERMANYZum Wartturm 7-9DE-63571 GELNHAUSENtelephone : INT + 49 6051 9779 0 [email protected]
MASTERVOLT FRANCEParc dÁctivités de la Siagne24C, Alée Charles NungesserFR-06210 MANDELIEUtelephone : INT + 33 493 902 [email protected]
MASTERVOLT UNITED KINGDOMWinchester Hill Business ParkROMSEY, S051 7UTtelephone : INT + 44 1794 [email protected]
MASTERVOLT SOLAR ITALIA SRLVia Aristobulo 34IT-00124 ROMAtelephone : INT + 39 [email protected]
BORNAY COMERCIAL, SPAINParaje Amerados S/NES-04320 CASTALLA (Alicante)telephone : INT + 34 [email protected]
TRITEC, SWITZERLANDHammerstrasse 60CH-4058 BASELtelephone : INT + 41 61 [email protected]
ALPEN SOLAR, AUSTRIAWehrgrabengasse 40AT-4400 STEYRtelephone : INT + 43 7252 [email protected]
MASTERVOLT AUSTRALIA 30 Beach StreetAU-4021 KIPPA-RING, QLDtelephone : INT + 61 [email protected]
STAUBO ELEKTRO, NORWAYBjornerudveinen 12-CNO-1266 OSLOtelephone : INT + 47 [email protected] photo: George Burggraaff
• FOUR HIGH PERFORMANCE
MODELS AVAILABLE
• POWER RANGE FROM
600 – 7200 WP
• SWITCH-MODE TECHNOLOGY
• EXTREMELY COMPACT
AND LIGHT WEIGHT
• GALVANIC INPUT TO OUTPUT
ISOLATION FOR OPTIMUM
SYSTEM SAFETY
• EXTENSIVE INVERTER & SYSTEM MONITORING
AS STANDARD
• MULTIPLE MPP TRACKERS
FOR QS3200 & QS6400
M A S T E R V O LT
S O L A RP R O D U C T
S P E C I F I C A T I O N S
2 3The heart of any PV system
The Mastervolt Sunmaster inverter is the dynamic heart of any
grid connected PV system, taking care of an accurate power
conversion from PV array to local grid. This conversion process
takes place with minimal power loss and maximum reliability.
Four models are available, suitable for operating together with
almost any solar module technology, with an input voltage
window from 100-450V DC. All Sunmasters can be installed to
operate in parallel which enables to configuration of grid
connected PV systems of unlimited power rating. Thanks to
the QS inverters, PV systems can be assembled from 600 Wp
to high kWp specifications.
Added value comes from the extensive monitoring function,
which is integrated within the design of the QS inverters. See
pages 12 to 15 for more information.
Technology in br ief
Through the application of the latest high frequency (HF)
technology, the transformers of the Sunmaster QS inverters
are very small. The result is an extremely compact and light
weight power conversion design, layed out on one single
power board. Galvanic isolation between input and output
secures system safety. HF technology also has advantages for
harmonic behaviour of the grid connected inverter: the QS
inverters have the lowest THD (harmonic distortion) available.
The Sunmaster operates completely silently: temperature
controlled, maintenance free ventilators take care of the
cooling of the power electronics. In addition to the fabulous
accurate regulation of all inverter parameters, the control
electronics measures and monitors the most relevant PV-
array, inverter and grid functions. All Sunmaster inverters are
fitted in a robust aluminium enclosure for indoor installation
(IP23).
The Sunmaster range complies with all international standards,
see page 4 to 11 for extended technical specifications.
CONTENTS
1. Sunmaster QS product specifications with available options
• QS1200. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-5
• QS2000. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-7
• QS3200. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-9
• QS6400 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-11
2. Essential PV system accessories: data monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
3. Certification documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
4. Technical definitions - system example - questions and answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
5. Reference list. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
6. Other products from Mastervolt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
54
13
6.25 239. 5 6.25
307. 5
10
5.5
225
252
120 (QS1200)140. 5 (QS2000)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
Udc, min
Udc, nom
90% Udc, max
AC output rating
effic
ienc
y in
%
Data Control ‘Premium’ datalogger:• can be connected to all models;• up to 20 inverters can be linked
to this datalogger;• for extended specifications see
page 13 and 14.
Sunmaster QS LCD display:• delivered as an option;• smoothly integrated in the front
of the inverter;• see page 12 for extended
specifications.
External DC MultiContact connectors or glands, seeour price list for therelevant articlenumber. RS485 ComPorts
connections,accessible fromoutside.
Efficiency curve of the QS1200;output power rating versus EU efficiency.
Dimensions of the QS1200, in mm.
Model Sunmaster QS1200.
Article no. : 130601200
Typical string length: 5-9 modules (72 cells), 7-12 modules
(54 cells) or 10-18 modules (36 cells)
Operating temperature : -20°C to 50°C
Fully protected against over temperature
Storage temperature : -20°C to 70°C
Relative humidity : max. 95%
PCB has been coated against moisture
Protection degree : IP23
Safety class : class I
Galvanic isolation : class II
Dimensions : 340x250x120 mm
Weight : 4.4 kg
Solar moduul ingang
Nominal power : 950W DC
PV power range : 700-1200 Wp
Maximum power : 1100W
MPP tracker : 1 MPP tracker (dynamic)
MPP voltage range : 100-380V DC
Maximum voltage : 450V DC
Rated current : 5A
Start-up power : 2W
String connections : 2
DC connector : glands + PCB spring terminals 4 mm2 max.
or MultiContact connectors
Voltage : 230V AC (184-265V, model dependent)
Nominal power : 900W
Maximum power : 1050W
Nominal current : 4A
Frequency : 50 Hz (49.7-51.3 Hz, model dependent)
Power factor : 0.99
Harmonic distortion: THD < 3% @ rated load;
in compliance with IEEE p929
Stand-by power : 0W
EU efficiency : 94.5%
Maximum efficiency : 95%
AC connector : gland with PCB spring terminals
Safety devices
General : galvanic separation between DC and AC side,
by means of a class II HF transformer
Island protection : redundant voltage and frequency window
monitoring (QNS); independent cut-off by means of 2 pole
relay and solid state switch, ENS VDE 0126 compliant
(optional), UK G83: software frequency shift
Temperature protection : power derating above 75°C internal
temperature, switch off at 90°C
G E N E R A L
S O L A R I N P U T ( D C )
G R I D O U T P U T ( A C )
DC side : • earth fault detection • over-voltage detection • polarity protection (diodes) • current limitation • transients
(varistor and buffer capacitor) • overload (temperature controlled power derating)
AC side : • current limitation • over- and under-voltage • over- and under-frequency • short circuit (ceramic fuse)
• transients / surge (varistors)
Reclosure time : 10-300s (model dependent)
Monitoring/ systeem informatie
On the front : 6 LED’s for indication of power and system diagnosis
External communication : 2 RS485 connections to connect to the QS databus
Monitoring (optional) - see description on page 12:
• QS display : integrated LCD (languages: english, german, dutch, italian, spanish, french, danish)
• QS Data Control ‘Basic’ : software for PC (shareware from www.mastervolt.com)
• QS PC-Link : to connect the QS databus to the PC
• QS Data Control ‘Premium’ : datalogger and software with telephone dial-up facilities
• QS Data Control ‘Professional’ (weblog) : datalogger using meteo data from the internet
Normen
CE conformity : yes
EMC directive : EMC 89/336/EEG
Emission : EN 50081-1, EN 55011, EN 55014, EN 55022, VDE 0871 class B
Harmonics : EN 61000-3-2, IEEEp929, Flicker:61000-3-3
Immunity : EN 50082-2
LV directive : 73/23/EEG
Electrical safety : EN 60950 / ENS:VDE 0126 / UK: G83-2003 certification
S A F E T Y D E V I C E S
M O N I T O R I N G / S Y S T E M I N F O R M A T I O N
S A F E T Y D E V I C E S
R E G U L A T I O N S A N D D I R E C T I V E S
A C C E S S O R I E S
S U N M A S T E R Q S 1 2 0 0 P O W E R R A N G E : 7 0 0 - 1 2 0 0 W P
76
13
6.25 239. 5 6.25
307. 5
10
5.5
225
252
120 (QS1200)140. 5 (QS2000)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0 500 1000 1500 2000
Udc, min
Udc, nom
90% Udc, max
AC output rating
effic
ienc
y in
%
Efficiency curve of the QS2000;output power rating versus EU efficiency.
Dimensions of the QS2000, in mm.
Model Sunmaster QS2000.
Data Control ‘Premium’ datalogger:• can be connected to all models;• up to 20 inverters can be linked
to this datalogger;• for extended specifications see
page 13 and 14.
Sunmaster QS LCD display:• delivered as an option;• smoothly integrated in the front
of the inverter;• see page 12 for extended
specifications.
External DC MultiContact connectors or glands, seeour price list for therelevant articlenumber. RS485 ComPorts
connections,accessible fromoutside.
Article no. : 130602000
Typical string length: 5-9 modules (72 cells), 7-12 modules
(54 cells) or 10-18 modules (36 cells)
Operating temperature : -20°C to 50°C
Fully protected against over temperature
Storage temperature : -20°C to 70°C
Relative humidity : max. 95%
PCB has been coated against moisture
Protection degree : IP23
Safety class : class I
Galvanic isolation : class II
Dimensions : 340x250x140 mm
Weight : 6 kg
Solar moduul ingang
Nominal power : 1700W DC
PV power range : 1200-2100 Wp
Maximum power : 1800W
MPP tracker : 1 MPP tracker (dynamic)
MPP voltage range : 100-380V DC
Maximum voltage : 450V DC
Rated current : 7.5 A
Start-up power : 2W
String connections : 2
DC connector : glands + PCB spring terminals 4 mm2 max.
or MultiContact connectors
Voltage : 230V AC (184-265V, model dependent)
Nominal power : 1600W
Maximum power : 1725W
Nominal current : 7A
Frequency : 50 Hz (49.7-51.3 Hz, model dependent)
Power factor: 0.99
Harmonic distortion: THD < 3% @ rated load;
in compliance with IEEE p929
Stand-by power : 0W
EU efficiency : 94%
Maximum efficiency : 95%
AC connector : gland with PCB spring terminals
Veiligheid
General : galvanic separation between DC and AC side,
by means of a class II HF transformer
Island protection : redundant voltage and frequency window
monitoring (QNS); independent cut-off by means of 2 pole
relay and solid state switch, ENS VDE 0126 compliant
(optional), UK G83: software frequency shift
Temperature protection : power derating above 75°C internal
temperature, switch off at 90°C
S U N M A S T E R Q S 2 0 0 0 P O W E R R A N G E : 1 2 0 0 - 2 1 0 0 W P
DC side : • earth fault detection • over-voltage detection • polarity protection (diodes) • current limitation • transients
(varistor and buffer capacitor) • overload (temperature controlled power derating)
AC side : • current limitation • over- and under-voltage • over- and under-frequency • short circuit (ceramic fuse)
• transients / surge (varistors)
Reclosure time : 10-300s (model dependent)
Monitoring/ systeem informatie
On the front : 6 LED’s for indication of power and system diagnosis
External communication : 2 RS485 connections to connect to the QS databus
Monitoring (optional) - see description on page 12:
• QS display : integrated LCD (languages: english, german, dutch, italian, spanish, french, danish)
• QS Data Control ‘Basic’ : software for PC (shareware from www.mastervolt.com)
• QS PC-Link : to connect the QS databus to the PC
• QS Data Control ‘Premium’ : datalogger and software with telephone dial-up facilities
• QS Data Control ‘Professional’ (weblog) : datalogger using meteo data from the internet
Normen
CE conformity : yes
EMC directive : EMC 89/336/EEG
Emission : EN 50081-1, EN 55011, EN 55014, EN 55022, VDE 0871 class B
Harmonics : EN 61000-3-2, IEEEp929, Flicker:61000-3-3
Immunity : EN 50082-2
LV directive : 73/23/EEG
Electrical safety : EN 60950 / ENS:VDE 0126 / UK: G83-2003 certification
S A F E T Y D E V I C E S
M O N I T O R I N G / S Y S T E M I N F O R M A T I O N
R E G U L A T I O N S A N D D I R E C T I V E S
G E N E R A L
S O L A R I N P U T ( D C )
G R I D O U T P U T ( A C )
S A F E T Y D E V I C E S
A C C E S S O R I E S
98
294 10.510.5
21
16
389.5 462
282
140
R3.25
R7
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000
Udc, min
Udc, nom
90% Udc, max
Efficiency curve of the QS3200;output power rating versus EU efficiency.
Dimensions of the QS3200, in mm.
Model Sunmaster QS3200.
DC side : • earth fault detection • over-voltage detection • polarity protection (diodes) • current limitation • transients
(varistor and buffer capacitor) • overload (temperature controlled power derating)
AC side : • current limitation • over- and under-voltage • over- and under-frequency • short circuit (ceramic fuse)
• transients / surge (varistors)
Reclosure time : 10-300s (model dependent)
Monitoring/ systeem informatie
On the front : 6 LED’s for indication of power and system diagnosis
External communication : 2 RS485 connections to connect to the QS databus
Monitoring (optional) - see description on page 12:
• QS display : integrated LCD (languages: english, german, dutch, italian, spanish, french, danish)
• QS Data Control ‘Basic’ : software for PC (shareware from www.mastervolt.com)
• QS PC-Link : to connect the QS databus to the PC
• QS Data Control ‘Premium’ : datalogger and software with telephone dial-up facilities
• QS Data Control ‘Professional’ (weblog) : datalogger using meteo data from the internet
Normen
CE conformity : yes
EMC directive : EMC 89/336/EEG
Emission : EN 50081-1, EN 55011, EN 55014, EN 55022, VDE 0871 class B
Harmonics : EN 61000-3-2, IEEEp929, Flicker:61000-3-3
Immunity : EN 50082-2
LV directive : 73/23/EEG
Electrical safety : EN 60950 / ENS:VDE 0126 / UK: G83-2003 certification
S A F E T Y D E V I C E S
M O N I T O R I N G / S Y S T E M I N F O R M A T I O N
R E G U L A T I O N S A N D D I R E C T I V E S
Article no. : 130603200
Typical string length: 5-9 modules (72 cells), 7-12 modules
(54 cells) or 10-18 modules (36 cells)
Operating temperature : -20°C to 50°C
Fully protected against over temperature
Storage temperature : -20°C to 70°C
Relative humidity : max. 95%
PCB has been coated against moisture
Protection degree : IP23
Safety class : class I
Galvanic isolation : class II
Dimensions : 462x294x140 mm
Weight : 7 kg
Solar moduul ingang
Nominal power : 2750W DC
PV power range : 2000-3600 Wp
Maximum power : 2950W
MPP tracker : 2 MPP trackers (dynamic)
MPP voltage range : 100-380V DC
Maximum voltage : 450V DC
Rated current : 2x 7.5A
Start-up power : 4W
String connections : 2x 2
DC connector : glands + PCB spring terminals 4 mm2 max.
or MultiContact connectors
Voltage : 230V AC (184-265V, model dependent)
Nominal power : 2600W
Maximum power : 2750W
Nominal current : 12A
Frequency : 50 Hz (49.7-51.3 Hz, model dependent)
Power factor: 0.99
Harmonic distortion: THD < 3% @ rated load;
in compliance with IEEE p929
Stand-by power: 0W
EU efficiency : 94%
Maximum efficiency : 95%
AC connector : gland with PCB spring terminals
Veiligheid
General : galvanic separation between DC and AC side,
by means of a class II HF transformer
Island protection : redundant voltage and frequency window
monitoring (QNS); independent cut-off by means of 2 pole
relay and solid state switch, ENS VDE 0126 compliant
(optional), UK G83: software frequency shift
Temperature protection : power derating above 75°C internal
temperature, switch off at 90°C
S U N M A S T E R Q S 3 2 0 0 P O W E R R A N G E : 2 0 0 0 - 3 6 0 0 W P
G E N E R A L
S O L A R I N P U T ( D C )
G R I D O U T P U T ( A C )
S A F E T Y D E V I C E S
A C C E S S O R I E S
Data Control ‘Premium’ datalogger:• can be connected to all models;• up to 20 inverters can be linked
to this datalogger;• for extended specifications see
page 13 and 14.
Sunmaster QS LCD display:• delivered as an option;• smoothly integrated in the front
of the inverter;• see page 12 for extended
specifications.
External DC MultiContact connectors or glands, seeour price list for therelevant articlenumber. RS485 ComPorts
connections,accessible fromoutside.
AC output rating
effic
ienc
y in
%
1110
475.5
315
254
282
29410.5 10.5
21
405.5
34
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000
Udc, min
Udc, nom
90% Udc, max
Data Control ‘Premium’ datalogger:• can be connected to all models;• up to 20 inverters can be linked
to this datalogger;• for extended specifications see
page 13 and 14.
Sunmaster QS LCD display:• delivered as an option;• smoothly integrated in the front
of the inverter;• see page 12 for extended
specifications.
External DC MultiContact connectors or glands, seeour price list for therelevant articlenumber. RS485 ComPorts
connections,accessible fromoutside.
Efficiency curve of the QS6400;output power rating versus EU efficiency.
Dimensions of the QS6400, in mm.
Model Sunmaster QS6400.
Island protection : redundant voltage and frequency window monitoring (QNS); independent cut-off by means of 2 pole relay
and solid state switch, ENS VDE 0126 compliant (optional), UK G83: software frequency shift
Temperature protection : power derating above 75°C internal temperature, switch off at 90°C
DC side : • earth fault detection • over-voltage detection • polarity protection (diodes) • current limitation • transients
(varistor and buffer capacitor) • overload (temperature controlled power derating)
AC side : • current limitation • over- and under-voltage • over- and under-frequency • short circuit (ceramic fuse)
• transients / surge (varistors)
Reclosure time : 10-300s (model dependent)
Monitoring/ systeem informatie
On the front : 6 LED’s for indication of power and system diagnosis
External communication : 2 RS485 connections to connect to the QS databus
Monitoring (optional) - see description on page 12:
• QS display : integrated LCD (languages: english, german, dutch, italian, spanish, french, danish)
• QS Data Control ‘Basic’ : software for PC (shareware from www.mastervolt.com)
• QS PC-Link : to connect the QS databus to the PC
• QS Data Control ‘Premium’ : datalogger and software with telephone dial-up facilities
• QS Data Control ‘Professional’ (weblog) : datalogger using meteo data from the internet
Normen
CE conformity : yes
EMC directive : EMC 89/336/EEG
Emission : EN 50081-1, EN 55011, EN 55014, EN 55022, VDE 0871 class B
Harmonics : EN 61000-3-2, IEEEp929, Flicker:61000-3-3
Immunity : EN 50082-2
LV directive : 73/23/EEG
Electrical safety : EN 60950 / ENS:VDE 0126 / UK: G83-2003 certification
S A F E T Y D E V I C E S
M O N I T O R I N G / S Y S T E M I N F O R M A T I O N
R E G U L A T I O N S A N D D I R E C T I V E S
Article no. : 130606400
Typical string length: 5-9 modules (72 cells), 7-12 modules
(54 cells) or 10-18 modules (36 cells)
Operating temperature : -20°C to 50°C
Fully protected against over temperature
Storage temperature : -20°C to 70°C
Relative humidity : max. 95%
PCB has been coated against moisture
Protection degree : IP23
Safety class : class I
Galvanic isolation : class II
Dimensions : 475.5x282x254 mm
Weight : 14 kg
Solar moduul ingang
Nominal power : 5500 / 4870W DC
(two versions available: QNS and ENS. ENS is configured
for single phase / 4870W by factory setting)
PV power range : 3200-7200 Wp
Maximum power : 5900W
MPP tracker :4 MPP trackers (dynamic)
MPP voltage range : 100-380V DC
Maximum voltage : 450V DC
Rated current : 2x 15A
Start-up power : 8W
String connections : 4x2
DC connector : glands + PCB spring terminals 4 mm2 max.
or MultiContact connectors
Voltage : 230V AC (184-265V, model dependent)
Nominal power : 5200W / 4600W
Maximum power : 5500W / 4600W
(two versions available: QNS and ENS. ENS is configured
for single phase / 4600W by factory setting)
Nominal current : 2x 12A
Frequency : 50 Hz (49.7-51.3 Hz, model dependent)
Power factor : 0.99
Harmonic distortion: THD < 3% @ rated load;
in compliance with IEEE p929
Stand-by power: 0W
EU efficiency : 94%
Maximum efficiency : 95%
AC connector : gland with PCB spring terminals
General : galvanic separation between DC and AC side,
by means of a class II HF transformer
S U N M A S T E R Q S 6 4 0 0 P O W E R R A N G E : 3 2 0 0 - 7 2 0 0 W P
G E N E R A L
S O L A R I N P U T ( D C )
G R I D O U T P U T ( A C )
S A F E T Y D E V I C E S
A C C E S S O R I E S
AC output rating
effic
ienc
y in
%
1312
A QS data port connects all the inverters with the data logger.PC-Link (optional),article no. 130391010.
Multifunctional LEDs: outputpercentage and fault searchinformation (standard for all
models).
The QS LCD display offersextensive information
(optional).
Basic monitoring via the PC.
An additional PC canbe connected to the
data logger.QS Data Control ‘Premium’
An essential link in every grid connected PV system, the QS
Data Control Premium is intended for fixed installations
centrally located in a house or building. It allows every user to
check the status of their ‘own’ power plant. This data logger
comes in an attractive metal enclosure which is suitable for
mounting on a wall. Various analogue read-out functions are
visible from the crystal clear LCD display. Here too, as many as
20 Sunmaster inverters (for which read PV systems) can be
connected. And historical data goes back three years!
The Premium system also offers a wide range of extras such as
the option to install light intensity and temperature sensors
that serve as a calibration reference. In addition to the display,
an external warning signal can be activated when a PV system
supplies insufficient power. In this way, action can be
immediately taken to confirm the output.
The Premium datalogger can be easily connected to the
Sunmaster inverters by means of a cable. The connected
inverters will be automatically recognised after installation. A
RS232 connection makes it possible to directly control the
system or to do so remotely via a modem connection
(analogue, ISDN or GSM) and a PC.
Specifications of the Data Control ‘Premium’
• 24 hours a day data availability / online.
• Stand-by power : 2 Watt maximum.
• Internal ‘real time’ clock, with power back up.
• The Data Control ‘Premium’ gets all required information
directly from the connected inverters; no external kWh
counters needed.
• Integrated PC/modem connection.
• Integrated alarm contact.
• Accurate kWh meter.
• Powerful clear LCD display.
• Smart looking front panel.
• Article no. : 130394100.
• Dimensions (hxwxd) : 213x128x62 mm.
• Alarm for system errors and insufficient output.
• Plug & Play installation.
• Windows® software available for PC read-out.
See page 14 for extended specifications.
Every Sunmaster QS model comes as standard with an
integrated communication interface and a ten-day power
output memory. This makes the entire PV system interactive,
with the option of reading the most essential information using
your PC or laptop. All that is required to connect the
Sunmaster with your computer is a communication cable and
PC link (adapter plug).
You can also choose to have the QS monitoring display installed
rather than take information from the PC screen. See
description below.
Plug and play information via the PC
The Windows®-based QS Data Control Basic programme
gives a schematic overview of the PV system’s performance,
including:
• Power and operational hours over a ten-day period.
• Voltage, current and load of the solar panels.
• Voltage, current and frequency of the 230V grid.
• Internal temperature, total power (kWh), total hours of
operation.
• Read out of the number of returned amperes (output side).
• Grid voltage, current and frequency (output side).
• Read out of the temperature of the Sunmaster, total output
in kWh, status of operational hours.
• Status and error messages.
Up to 20 Sunmaster QS inverters can be read using one PC.
Each inverter will automatically receive its own ID number
after installation. The data registration update can be set for a
period of between five seconds and 30 minutes.
Information via the optional QS display
Should it not be possible or desirable to connect the QS
inverter to your PC, the option exists to order an inverter with
an advanced LCD front display.
All variables listed above can be read out from this display. As
an extra bonus, the QS display offers historical data on power
output and sun hours dating back 28 days.
D ATA M O N I T O R I N G : Q S D ATA C O N T R O L ‘ B A S I C ’ D ATA M O N I T O R I N G : Q S D ATA C O N T R O L ‘ P R E M I U M ’
294 10.510.5
21
16
389.5 462
282
140
R3.25
R7
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000
Udc, min
Udc, nom
90% Udc, max
Version no. EN080604.
effic
ienc
y in
%
AC output rating
Efficiency curve of the QS3200 Max-I;output power rating versus EU efficiency.
Dimensions of the QS3200 Max-I, in mm.
Model Sunmaster QS3200 Max-I.
A L L G E M E I N
Article no. : 130703200
Typical string length : 4-6 modules (72 cells), 6-9 modules (54 cells) or
8-12 modules (36 cells)
Operating temperature : -20°C to 50°C
Fully protected against over temperature
Storage temperature : -20°C to 70°C
Relative humidity : max. 95%
PCB has been coated against moisture
Protection degree : IP23
Safety class : class I
Galvanic isolation : class II
Dimensions : 462x294x140 mm
Weight : 7 kg
Solar moduul ingang
Nominal power : 2750W DC
PV power range : 2000-3600 Wp
Maximum power : 2950W
MPP tracker : 2 MPP trackers (dynamic)
MPP voltage range : 75-260V DC
Maximum voltage : 325V DC
Rated current : 2x 10A or 1x 20A
Start-up power : 4W
String connections : 2x 2
DC connector : glands + PCB spring terminals 4 mm2 max. or
MultiContact connectors
Voltage : 230V AC (184-265V, model dependent)
Nominal power : 2600W
Maximum power : 2750W
Nominal current : 12A
Frequency : 50 Hz (49.7-51.3 Hz, model dependent)
Power factor : 0.99
Harmonic distortion: THD < 3% @ rated load;
in compliance with IEEE p929
Stand-by power : 0W
EU efficiency : 94.5%
Maximum efficiency : 96%
AC connector : gland with PCB spring terminals
Veiligheid
General : galvanic separation between DC and AC side,
by means of a class II HF transformer
Island protection : redundant voltage and frequency window
monitoring (QNS); independent cut-off by means of 2 pole relay and
solid state switch, ENS VDE 0126 compliant (optional), UK G83:
software frequency shift
G E N E R A L
S O L A R I N P U T ( D C )
G R I D O U T P U T ( A C )
S A F E T Y D E V I C E S
S U N M A S T E R Q S 3 2 0 0 M A X- I P O W E R R A N G E : 2 0 0 0 - 3 6 0 0 W P
THE POWER TO BE INDEPENDENTWWW.MASTERVOLT.COM
Data Control ‘Premium’ datalogger:• can be connected to all models;• up to 20 inverters can be linked
to this datalogger;• see our extended solar brochure
for extended specifications.
Sunmaster QS LCD display:• delivered as an option;• smoothly integrated in the front
of the inverter;• see our extended solar brochure
for extended specifications.
External DC MultiContact connectors or glands, seeour price list for therelevant article number.
RS485 ComPortsconnections,accessible fromoutside.
Temperature protection : power derating above 75°C internal temperature, switch off at 90°C
DC side : • earth fault detection • over-voltage detection • polarity protection (diodes) • current limitation • transients (varistor and buffer
capacitor) • overload (temperature controlled power derating)
AC side : • current limitation • over- and under-voltage • over- and under-frequency • short circuit (ceramic fuse)
• transients / surge (varistors)
Reclosure time : 10-300s (model dependent)
Monitoring/ systeem informatie
On the front : 6 LED’s for indication of power and system diagnosis
External communication : 2 RS485 connections to connect to the QS databus
Monitoring (optional) :
• QS display : integrated LCD (languages: english, german, dutch, italian, spanish, french, danish)
• QS Data Control ‘Basic’ : software for PC (shareware from www.mastervolt.com)
• QS PC-Link : to connect the QS databus to the PC
• QS Data Control ‘Premium’ : datalogger and software with telephone dial-up facilities
• QS Data Control ‘Professional’ (weblog) : datalogger using meteo data from the internet
Normen
CE conformity : yes
EMC directive : EMC 89/336/EEG
Emission : EN 50081-1, EN 55011, EN 55014, EN 55022, VDE 0871 class B
Harmonics : EN 61000-3-2, IEEEp929, Flicker:61000-3-3
Immunity : EN 50082-2
LV directive : 73/23/EEG
Electrical safety : EN 60950 / ENS:VDE 0126 / UK: G83-2003 certification
A C C E S S O R I E S
R E G U L A T I O N S A N D D I R E C T I V E S
M O N I T O R I N G / S Y S T E M I N F O R M A T I O N
S A F E T Y D E V I C E S
294 10.510.5
21
16
389.5 462
282
140
R3.25
R7
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000
Udc, min
Udc, nom
90% Udc, max
QS6400 Max-I Wirkungsgradkurve;AC Ausgangsleistung beziehungsweise EU Wirkungsgrad.
Dimensions of the QS6400 Max-I, in mm.
Model Sunmaster Q6400 Max-I.
Article no. : 130706400
Typical string length : 4-6 modules (72 cells), 6-9 modules (54 cells) or
8-12 modules (36 cells)
Operating temperature : -20°C to 50°C
Fully protected against over temperature
Storage temperature : -20°C to 70°C
Relative humidity : max. 95%
PCB has been coated against moisture
Protection degree : IP23
Safety class : class I
Galvanic isolation : class II
Dimensions : 475.5x282x254 mm
Weight : 14 kg
Solar moduul ingang
Nominal power : 5500 / 4870W DC
(two versions available: QNS and ENS. ENS is configured
for single phase / 4870W by factory setting)
PV power range : 3200-7200 Wp
Maximum power : 5900W
MPP tracker : 4 MPP trackers (dynamic)
MPP voltage range : 75-260V DC
Maximum voltage : 325V DC
Rated current : 4x 10A or 2x 20A
Start-up power : 8W
String connections : 4x2
DC connector : glands + PCB spring terminals 4 mm2 max. or
MultiContact connectors
Voltage : 230V AC (184-265V, model dependent)
Nominal power : 5200W / 4600W
Maximum power : 5500W / 4600W
(two versions available: QNS and ENS. ENS is configured
for single phase / 4600W by factory setting)
Nominal current : 2x 12A
Frequency : 50 Hz (49.7-51.3 Hz, model dependent)
Power factor : 0.99
Harmonic distortion: THD < 3% @ rated load;
in compliance with IEEE p929
Stand-by power : 0W
EU efficiency : 94.5%
Maximum efficiency : 96%
AC connector : gland with PCB spring terminals
S U N M A S T E R Q S 6 4 0 0 M A X- I P O W E R R A N G E : 3 2 0 0 - 7 2 0 0 W P
AC Ausgangsleistung
Wir
kung
sgra
d in
%
Version no. EN080604.
G E N E R A L
S O L A R I N P U T ( D C )
G R I D O U T P U T ( A C )
THE POWER TO BE INDEPENDENT
General : galvanic separation between DC and AC side, by means of a class II HF transformer
Island protection : redundant voltage and frequency window monitoring (QNS); independent cut-off by means of 2 pole relay and solid state
switch, ENS VDE 0126 compliant (optional), UK G83: software frequency shift
Temperature protection : power derating above 75°C internal temperature, switch off at 90°C
DC side : • earth fault detection • over-voltage detection • polarity protection (diodes) • current limitation • transients (varistor and buffer
capacitor) • overload (temperature controlled power derating)
AC side : • current limitation • over- and under-voltage • over- and under-frequency • short circuit (ceramic fuse)
• transients / surge (varistors)
Reclosure time : 10-300s (model dependent)
Monitoring/ systeem informatie
On the front : 6 LED’s for indication of power and system diagnosis
External communication : 2 RS485 connections to connect to the QS databus
Monitoring (optional) :
• QS display : integrated LCD (languages: english, german, dutch, italian, spanish, french, danish)
• QS Data Control ‘Basic’ : software for PC (shareware from www.mastervolt.com)
• QS PC-Link : to connect the QS databus to the PC
• QS Data Control ‘Premium’ : datalogger and software with telephone dial-up facilities
• QS Data Control ‘Professional’ (weblog) : datalogger using meteo data from the internet
Normen
CE conformity : yes
EMC directive : EMC 89/336/EEG
Emission : EN 50081-1, EN 55011, EN 55014, EN 55022, VDE 0871 class B
Harmonics : EN 61000-3-2, IEEEp929, Flicker:61000-3-3
Immunity : EN 50082-2
LV directive : 73/23/EEG
Electrical safety : EN 60950 / ENS:VDE 0126 / UK: G83-2003 certification
A C C E S S O R I E S
R E G U L A T I O N S A N D D I R E C T I V E S
M O N I T O R I N G / S Y S T E M I N F O R M A T I O N
S A F E T Y D E V I C E S
WWW.MASTERVOLT.COM
Data Control ‘Premium’ datalogger:• can be connected to all models;• up to 20 inverters can be linked
to this datalogger;• see our extended solar brochure
for extended specifications.
Sunmaster QS LCD display:• delivered as an option;• smoothly integrated in the front
of the inverter;• see our extended solar brochure
for extended specifications.
External DC MultiContact connectors or glands, seeour price list for therelevant article number.
RS485 ComPortsconnections,accessible fromoutside.
1514
A QS data port connects all the inverters with the data logger.
The collecteddata is sent tothe internet.
PC and internet connection.
QS Data Control ‘Pro’Weblog
SYSTEM STATUS:
shows the average yield of all connected
Sunmaster QS inverters.
SYSTEM FAILURE:
the LED system gives a warning of faults in
the installation such as a net breakdown or
insulation faults.
INVERTER STATUS:
shows the amount of power that is fed into
the grid by the selected Sunmaster QS
inverter.
INVERTER FAILURE:
the selected inverter generates a fault.
Up to twenty inverters can be monitored
simultaneously. The LED shows the selected
inverter. Press the push buttons to select
the desired inverter. By selecting ‘all
inverters’ data of the entire solar system can
be monitored.
Large graphic
and numeric
display for
reading out data.
PERIOD MODE:
use the selection
button to see the
daily/weekly/
monthly and
annual output.
Handy selection button for going
through the menu.
INITIAL MENU:
• graphic mode
• numeric mode
• history
• current values
• settings
The QS Data Control ‘Pro’ data logger provides monitoring,
read outs and alarm warnings via internet. During the day, the
data logger registers power output from a maximum of 20
connected Sunmaster inverters. Via the QS data port, the data
logger extracts all the required information directly from the
inverters. External kWh meters are no longer necessary. The
collected data is sent to a web page at night, where it can be
accessed via a log in code from anywhere in the world.
Exceptionally accurate weather prediction data is used to
assess the output of the PV system. An important advantage of
the system is the link from the local monitoring to the weather
registration of Meteo Control in Germany. An external
reference cell is not required.
Specifications in brief of the Data Control ‘Pro’:
• High resolution data of any selected day.
• Worldwide access through the internet.
• The Safe Sun programme on internet warns you should a
defect occur in the PV system. This is ideal as an integrated
surveillance method over a large number of systems.
• Energy yield and diagnostic data come directly from the QS
inverters - no kWh counters needed.
• Automatic comparison with the irradiance data from Meteo
Control and schematic overview of the power output per
period
• Integrated modem (analogue, ISDN, GSM) or ethernet
network interface.
• Suitable for receiving alarm messages via email, SMS or fax.
• Four digital inputs.
• Article no. : 130394200.
• Dimensions (hxwxd) : 90x106x73 mm.
• Availability : start 2004.
Read-out facilities
• Historical data for up to maximal 20 inverters / PV systems:
• Power output, maximum capacity and sun minutes,
measured per hour - data history up to 14 days.
• Power output, maximum capacity and sun minutes,
measured per hour - data history up to six months.
• Power output, maximum capacity and sun minutes,
measured per week - data history up to three years.
• Twenty error messages per inverter saved, including
serial number, time and data (e.g. ‘high’ temperature,
insulation fault, etc.).
• Actual data of the connected inverters:
• Solar voltage, current and power per inverter.
• AC voltage, current, frequency and returned
power per inverter.
• Inverter temperature; total energy yield of
the inverter to the grid.
• Options to connect external kWh meter and reference cell.
• Data Control Premium software allows you to export the
saved data on your PC to Excel format.
D ATA M O N I T O R I N G : Q S D ATA C O N T R O L ‘ P R E M I U M ’ I N T E R N E T D ATA M O N I T O R I N G : Q S D ATA C O N T R O L ‘ P R O ’
Clearly-arranged charts allow you to compare theregistered output at any given time with the lightintensity.
1716
All Mastervolt solar inverters have been approved by local
authorities which is an indispensible guarantee for safe and
reliable functioning.
The certificates as shown above represent some of the
documents we have obtained for the range allowing trouble
free use in the United Kingdom, Germany, the Netherlands,
Denmark, the Scandinavian countries, Spain, France, Italy,
Greece, Cyprus and many other countries.
Certification for Australia and North America is pending.
Amorphous silicon solar cells
The term amorphous refers to the non-crystalline structure of
silicon atoms. The efficiency is lower than crystalline silicon,
typical from 5 to 8 %. The energy-yield per installed Watt-peak
is higher compared to crystalline silicon modules, because of
the relatively high efficiency at low irradiation.
Autonomous PV systems
Supplies electricity to locations:
• where no public grid is available
• that are long distances from the public grid
In such situations, a PV system is significantly cheaper than
connecting to the mains or a non-stop generator.
Photovoltaic systems
Also known as PV systems. The letters PV - PhotoVoltaic - have
their origins in Latin. A PV system converts light (phos) into
electricity (volta).
Maximum Power Point Tracker
An intelligent voltage regulator that adjusts the operating
voltage of the PV array to variations in temperature, celltype.
A good MPP tracking algorithm draws the maximum solar
power from the PV array under all conditions.
Monocrystalline silicon solar cells
Monocrystalline silicon solar cells are cells made from one
large monocrystal. Thanks to this method of production we
have round solar cells, each made from one silicon crystal. The
standard dimensions are 10 by 10ncm. Monocrystalline silicon
solar cells have an efficiency of typically 16% to 18%.
Polycrystalline / multi-cristalline silicon solar cells
Solar cells made up of multiple silicon crystals. As the crystal
edges can impede the electron flow, multcrystalline silicon
solar cells are usually less efficient than the monocrystalline
equivalent. The output is usually between 14 and 16%. Most
polycrystalline silicon solar cells are blue in colour.
Gridconnected PV system
The low voltage direct current (DC) electricity is converted to
230V alternating current (AC) power by an inverter. The
inverter feeds the electricity, produced by the PV system, back
into the utility grid. As such, the PV system actually functions
as a mini power station. If the solar energy production is higher
than the electricity consumption at any given moment, most
electricity meters spin backwards. The returned electricity is
‘automatically ’ incorporated in the energy bill.
Energy-neutral building
A building where the balance between energy production and
energy consumption is zero on a yearly basis. This can be
achieved by installing various renewable energy sources like PV
cells, hot water systems, heat pumps etc.
Inverter efficiency
A percentage that indicates which part of the incoming solar-
generated electricity is being transformed into useful AC
energy. Modern high-quality inverters have efficiencies higher
than 90 percent.
Underdimensioning
Means that the nominal input power of an inverter is chosen to
be less than the power of the PV array, expressed in kWp. In
one year, the solar array will seldom generate the specified
Watt-peak power. In Northern Europe, the inverter input
power can generally be chosen to be around 80% of the PV
capacity without introducing significant losses.
Output of a PV system
Solar panels have an efficiency that varies between 8% and
18%. The orientation and shading of the panels and the panel
temperature can also effect the eventual output.
Shading
Shading of solar cells may lead to electrical resistance within a
closed current loop. This resistance causes the shaded cells to
heat up and, if the temperature rises sufficiently, to break
down (the Hot-Spot effect). To prevent this, small groups of
cells are protected by a bypass diode, which stops the shaded
solar cells from heating up.
Silicon
Raw material for solar cells.
STC or standard conditions
Conditions used to set the panel capacity: a cell temperature of
25°C and light intensity of 1000W/m2.
String
A group of solar cells (or solar panels) connected in a series.
When solar cells or modules are series-connected, the voltage
will add up with the number of cells / modules, while the
current is equal to the current of one cell. Because of the
relatively low current, electrical losses in wiring are low as
well. A string of cells or modules performs only as well as the
worst cell / module in the string.
C E R T I F I C AT E S T E C H N I C A L D E F I N I T I O N S P H O T O V O LTA I C S Y S T E M S
1918
If differences between solar cells or panels are significant, it
may be interesting to select lower from higher performance
modules and combine them to separate strings.
If cells, modules or strings are connected in parallel, the
current will add up with the number of units connected in
parallel, while voltage remains constant. With both parallel or
series connection, the total power generated is the sum of all
the power generated by the connected solar cells.
Power loss
Power loss can be caused by the location and orientation of the
solar cells and other factors such as :
• Placement losses caused by non-ideal orientation to the
sun.
• Shading losses : even partial shading of cells or modules
causes relatively high losses.
• Panel losses caused by the electrical resistance of
interconnections inside the solar module and losses
introduced by series connection of the cells (see ‘String’).
• Inverter losses : solar energy that is converted to heat and
therefore not being fed back into the grid.
• Cable losses caused by electrical resistance of the wiring.
• Temperature losses : solar voltage and power decreases
with ± 0.5% per degree Celsius. This may lead to relatively
large losses at full irradiance (see also ‘under-
dimensioning’).
Watt peak (Wp)
A measure of the electrical power a solar cell or module will
generate at standard conditions. See also ‘STC’.
Solar cell
In a solar cell, light energy (photons) is converted into electric
power. See also ‘working principle of a solar cell’.
Solar energy applications
• The active or passive heating of buildings.
• The heating of tap water.
• The generation of electricity (photovoltaic solar energy or
PV).
Irradiation
The light intensity in a given area. Africa, for example, receives
around twice as much sun as the Netherlands. Irradiation
varies within a country too: In the Netherlands for example, it
varies between 980 kWh/m2 per year in the east to 1070
kWh/m2 on the west coast. For the yearly energy yield of a PV
system, the average air temperature is also of importance;
solar cells perform better at lower temperatures (see also
‘underdimensioning’)
Solar panel
A group of PV cells combined in one unit.
Working principle of a solar cell
Solar cells consist of two layers of semi-conducting material,
usually silicon. Between these two layers, the n-layer above
and the p-layer below, is an electric field. When sunlight shines
on the n-layer it is partly absorbed by the semi-conductor and
converted into energy (heat). This energy pulses electrons out
of its shell that are free to move through the material. The
crystalline structure of the silicon and the electrical field
ensure that the free electrons move in a certain direction. This
phenomenon is called electricity, and the flow is taken from the
cell for use in external applications.
T E C H N I C A L D E F I N I T I O N S P H O T O V O LTA I C S Y S T E M S T E C H N I C A L N O T E S
2120
distribution board
B 32 A3P+N
5x VD 6 mm2
1x Vds 16 mm2
PVkWh
kWh m eter
electricity company
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+
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+
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+
-
+
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+
-
+-
+
-
+
-
+
-
+
-
+
-
+
-
+
-
+
-
+
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+
-
+
-
+
DC
AC
DC
AC
DC
AC
B-16A3P+N
QS3200 QS3200 Qs3200
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Double Isolatedcable 4mm2
Module Astropower AP 75Voc= 33,0 Vstc Vmp p = 26,0 VIsc = 4,3 Astc Impp = 4,23 A
Phas e 1 Phase 2 Phase 3
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B-16A3P+N
QS3200 QS3200 QS3200
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Double Isolatedcable 4mm2
VDS16 mm2
frameearthing
DC switch440V DC 10Adouble pole
Phase 1 phase 2 Phase 3
existing groups
VD 3x2,5mm2VD 3x2,5mm2
solararray
1) What is the best angle for solar panels?
The optimal angle for placing solar panels is between 50° for
systems in Nordic countries, 35° for South-European
countries.
2) What is the best orientation for solar panels?
The solar panels should be facing south (in other words 180°
from the north). This applies only to solar panels used above
the equator. Always place the panels in the direction of the sun.
3) How much power will I lose if panels are incorrectly placed?
A system set at an angle of between 20 and 50° facing south
will lose around 5% of its power per year. When panels are
installed at an angle of 35° and the system is oriented between
south east and south west, the energy loss on an annual basis
will again be around 5%.
4) How does heat affect my system?
The output of a system is reduced when panels become
warmer. The power loss on an annual basis can be up to 2%.
5) What is the lifespan of a solar panel?
With proper maintenance, the modules should last at least 30
years.
6) How long do inverters last?
You should expect an inverter to function for at least ten years.
The actual figures depend on the location of the inverter (the
hotter the temperature, the shorter the lifespan) and whether
or not regular maintenance is carried out. A humid
environment will effect the lifespan as well. The ideal place to
install an inverter is always in a dry and preferably conditioned
environment.
7) Is it possible to remotely collect system data?
There are various options for accessing inverter data. See this
brochure for more information (page 12 to 15) or ask your
supplier for advice.
8) Do the panels have to be kept clean?
The modules are in principle maintenance free and the panels
are washed clean by rain. It is worth considering cleaning the
panels with water once every three years.
9) What happens if the grid breaks down?
The solar energy unit will stop returning power to the grid.
This is necessary to ensure the safety of the system at times
when maintenance is being carried out or there is a failure on
the grid. Please consult your supplier if you wish to keep
receiving a 230 Volt current when the grid shuts down.
Mastervolt has various handy options for providing emergency
power.
10) Do the panels also provide electricity doing cloudy weather?
The panels continue to produce energy even when it is cloudy,
albeit on a smaller scale.
11) Can I connect equipment directly to the panels?
Equipment cannot be connected directly to a grid connected
solar installation - an electricity grid is always necessary.
12) Is there any difference in the electricity coming from a solar
system?
No, the current is the same.
13) Can my solar installation attract lightning?
There is no record of this ever occurring. The chance of
lightning striking is equally as (un)likely regardless of whether
or not you have a solar system.
14) Can a solar installation cause damage to my household
equipment?
No, this is not possible. The inverter functions as a sort of filter
between the grid and the PV system and complies with the
highest suppression standards.
15) What happens to the electricity that has been generated but
not used?
The electricity generated by the solar panels is first consumed
by the various equipment in the building concerned. Any
excess power produced is returned to the public grid. Make
sure you request from your energy supplier a meter that turns
backwards if one is not already installed.
This system was installed at the end of 2003 by a local Greek
company on a building near Athens. A total of 200 75 Wp
Astropower solar panels supply 15 kWp of power for local
consumption and returning to the grid. Six Sunmaster QS3200
inverters are placed between the solar panels and the grid.
This is a powerful system that meets the required energy
needs virtually autonomously.
S Y S T E M E X A M P L E F R E Q U E N T LY A S K E D Q U E S T I O N S O N P V S Y S T E M S
15 kWp system insta l led in Greece
2322
See www.mastervolt.com (available in 8 languages) for our entire delivery program or ask for our general catalogue.
Mini inverters - gr id connectedThe SOLADIN range has been designed to connect small PV
systems to the grid. The ultra compact Soladin 120 is an ideal
plug-and-play inverter to be used with a 100 or 120 Wp
module. The larger Soladin 600 can combine four to five 100-
150 modules resulting in an effective 600 Wp grid connected
system. Both models are available for 230V/50Hz applications
only. The Soladin inverters are island protected by an
electronics voltage and frequency controlled switch off device
(no ENS).
Sine wave inverters for stand a lone useMastervolt’s sine wave inverters and Combi’s are used in large
quantities throughout the world. The extensive delivery
programme comprises models with power ratings from 250W
to 15 kVA, most of them available with either 230V/50Hz or
117V/60Hz single phase power rating. Operating voltage 12,
24 or 48 VDC, also suitable for marine, mobile and industrial
use.
Energy Management & monitor ingExtensive monitoring systems are available for autonomous
systems: battery monitoring devices, automatic start/stop for
generators/public grid, AC monitors, most of them equipped
with historic read-out facility and RS485 bus connections.
Automatic battery chargersSophisticated switch mode battery chargers designed to re-
charge batteries within in a short period and in a safe way. The
range comprises models with charge currents from 6-100A, for
12, 24 or 48 VDC battery voltage. Applications: stand alone
solar systems as back up charger in combination with a small
petrol generator. Various marine, mobile and industrial
applications.
System componentsEvery single part of an electrical system must be as ‘strong’ as
the next. That’s why Mastervolt is offering an extensive range
of system components such as DC-DC converters, AC and DC
distribution systems, electrical switch boards and batteries.
A proper power storage system that lasts is a key element of
an autonomous system: Mastervolt’s maintenance free traction
type gel batteries are the best choice.
Diesel generatorsOur Whisper range of ultra silent generators is designed for
marine and mobile applications. These sets are extremely
silent and compact and fit very well in a complete Mastervolt
system. Versions for domestic use with dry exhaust are
available upon request.
R E F E R E N C E L I S T ( S E L E C T I O N ) O T H E R P R O D U C T S F R O M M A S T E R V O LT
• Solar Century
• BP Solar
• Shell Solar
• Isofoton
• Total Energie
• Photowatt
• Astro Power
• Kyocera
• RWE Schott Solar
• Tata BP India
• Eurosolare
• Helios Technology
• Lafarge Roofing Benelux
• Scheuten Solar Systems
• Aleo Solar GmbH
• Atmosphaere GmbH
• Buderus
• Econergy GmbH
• Globaccs AG
• HaWi Energietechnik GmbH
• Heckert - B.X.T. Solar GmbH
• Heizmann System Elektrotechnik
• Kelvin Solartechnik
• Kyocero Fineceramics
• Lafarge Dachsysteme
• Phönix Sonnestrom
• PV5 Solar Concept GmbH
• Raimann Vertriebs KG
• S.A.G. Franchise GmbH
• Schüco
• Schwaben Solar
• Shell Solar GmbH
• Solar Partner GmbH
• Solara AG
• Solarmarkt Freiburg GmbH
U K + I N T E R N A T I O N A L
G E R M A N Y
Abovementioned companies utilize Mastervolt grid connected
products and accessories. An extended list which includes the
latest projects is available upon request.
Our website is always up-to-date.
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