SOLVE-II 2002-2003 Kiruna Sweden

Pre-AVE 2004 Costa Rica, JSC

AVE-0506 2005 JSC (Houston)

AVE-wiff 2005 JSC (Houston)

CR-AVE 2006 Cost Rica, JSC

TC4 2007 Cost Rica, JSC

Over 300 Hours of flight time.

Vortex, High + Mid Latitude,Tropics.

Can Measure ~ 18 trace gas species every 1 to 3 min.

PANTHER- Gas Chromatograph

F.L. Moore1,2, G.S. Dutton1,2, J.W. Elkins2, B.D. Hall2, D.F. Hurst1,2, and J.D. Nance1,2.

PAN and other Trace Hydrohalocarbon ExpeRiment (PANTHER)

6-Channel GC (gas chromatograph). * 3 ECD (electron capture detectors), packed columns (OV-101, Porpak-Q, molecular sieve). * 1 ECD with a TE (thermal electric) cooled RTX-200 capillary column. * 2-channel MSD (mass selective detector). The MSD analyses two independent samples concentrated onto TE cooled Haysep traps, then passed through two temperature programmed RTX-624 capillary columns.

Compounds Measured on Past Missions: ECD channels: N2O, SF6, CCl2F2 (CFC-12),) CCl3F (CFC-11), and CBrClF2 (halon-1211), H2, CH4, CO, CCl4, CH3CCl3 (methyl chloroform) and PAN (peroxyl acetyl nitrate). Sample load width on ECD channels is 3 seconds> Data set correlates well with other fast measurements.

MSD channels: The methyl halides CH3I, CH3Br, CH3Cl, the sulfur compounds COS, CS2, the hydrochlorofluorocarbons CHClF2 (HCFC-22), C2H3Cl2F (HCFC-141b), C2H3ClF2

(HCFC-142b), and the hydrofluorocarbon C2H2F4 (HFC-134a) Sample load width of MSD channels is 2 min.> Data set correlates with time average of fast measurements.

TDL Channel: Water Vapor (Currently relocated back in UCATS.) Obtained simultaneous measurements with multiple Water Vapor instruments during TC4.

Well defined boundary conditions below Tropopause and above 380 K

Ray et. al. 1999

Contrast Between Seasons

Spatial/Temporal information in Source region retained in Mixed region.

Out flow from Convective Events. CR-AVE 02-09-2006

CFC-11 = 250 ppt

No Strato Loss.

COS loss of 100 ppt

Vegetative up take in BL.

CH3I elevated to 0.2 ppt marine BL or bio-mass burn?

HCFC-22 anthropogenic in BL?

PAN ?

( In the gray aria mid flight we see BL air from Amazon. )

CR-AVE AVE-Houston TC4 (high convection)

PAN vs CO shows a high contrast between BL vs Lower Trop.

PAN vs CO may be sensitive to inflow from the BL vs Entrainment from the Lower Trop.

PAN Lifetime in the BL ~ 1 hour !

R. Talukdar et al. 1995 JGR

H. Singh et al., 1994 JGR

Lifetime of CO in TTL ~ 1 Month

(OH and Photolysis.)

Data set contains information about convection from all longitudes due to the zonal wend.

Photolysis of acetone is a source of OHand PAN (through conversion of NOx).

Chemically important in the TTL and LS.

PAN

Lifetime ~ 1 Month in the TTL

NOx/NOy and OH/HOx - Chem. equilibrium fast in the TTL and LS.

PAN is NOx reservoir (stabilize for month)

- Test Measured vs. Calculated ratio

Keim et al’s 1999 suggesting 20- 30 ppt PAN

The following data set will also contain information about convection from all longitudes due to the zonal wends.

But will also be modified by O3 chemistry!

S.A. McKeen et al., 1997 GRL