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Some Ideas to Improve Pasture Utilization
Goat & Sheep Master Grazing WorkshopSaturday, October 11, 2008
Southern Indiana Purdue Agriculture Center (SIPAC)
Terry K. HutchensExtension Goat Specialist
University of Kentucky
What bred are more effecient?
• Boer-
• Boer crosses-
• Others-
•03-08-06•Terry Hutchens
•University of Kentucky
•03-08-06•Terry Hutchens
•University of Kentucky
Set of Crossbred Does Set of Fullblood or
Purebred
KY Cross Bred Does
•03-08-06•Terry Hutchens
•University of Kentucky
Body length, spring of rib, feet and legs, udders, working girls.Body length, spring of rib, feet and legs, udders, working girls.
•03-08-06•Terry Hutchens
•University of Kentucky
Which Ones Are Making You Money?
1. Health2. Nutritional needs3. Kidding ease4. Kidding rate (1.8)5. Kidding wts. (nutrition)6. **Number kids weaned7. *Weaning weights (market wt)8. Weaned high percentage of here body
wt. – 120 lbs (75-85%)
Narrow Bodied Doe
•03-08-06•Terry Hutchens
•University of Kentucky
Check out udder health
•03-08-06•Terry Hutchens
•University of Kentucky
Forage Quality Matters
• Low 40-55 % TDN
• Good 55- 70 % TDN
• Concentrates 70-90 % TDN
•Terry Hutchens•University of Kentucky
Use forage testing to know for sure!
Use forage testing to know for sure!
Forage Quality & Goat Requirements TDN
30
40
50
60
70
80
Pasture Veget. Pasture Mature Pasture Dead
TDN
%
•Terry Hutchens•University of Kentucky
Dry & Early Pregnant Does
Does in Early Lactation Yearling
Weanling
Energy Needs for Doe
•Terry Hutchens•University of Kentucky
Graph 1.
1st Trimester Preg. Day(0– 50)
3rdTrimester Preg. Day (100-150
2ndTrimester Preg. Day (50-100)
LactationDay (150-225)
Graph modified from Langston Univ. online certification short course.
Non-lactating Period Day(225-365)
How much Dry Matter IntakeAnimal Class DMI as
% Body Wt
Est. Daily DMI
CP Lbs TDN Lbs
Mature female early (110lbs)
2.4 2.6 0.25 1.48
Mature female late (110lbs)
2.5 2.8 0.32 1.68
Mature female early lact. (110lbs)
4.0 4.3 0.49 2.53
Mineral Requirements Meet Goat
Mineral
Sodium, (Na) % 0.09-0.2
Calcium, (Ca) % 0.20-0.90
Phosphorus, (P) % 0.14-0.40
Magnesium, (Mn) % 0.12-0.18
Potassium, (K) % 0.50-0.80
Sulfur, (S) % 0.16-0.32
Iodine, (I) ppm 0.60
Iron, (Fe) ppm 30
Copper, (Cu) ppm 10
Molybdenum, (Mo) ppm 0.10
Cobalt, (Co) ppm 0.10
Manganese, (Mg) ppm 20-60
Zinc, (Zn) ppm 45-50
Selenium, (Se) ppm 0.10-0.30
Nutrient requirements of small ruminants, Washington, DC, 2007, National Academy Press, Sheep and Goat Medicine, D.G. Pugh, 2002
Characteristic of a Good Free Choice Mineral Supplement
Modified from McDowell, 1992
1. Supplies minerals and vitamins not supplied by the forage
2. Calculate intake goats 1 oz maybe 2 oz3. Should contain 6-8% total P. Low P soils 8-10%4. Has Ca:P ratio not substantially over 2:1 -4:1
with acidifier like ammonium chloride
Characteristic of a Good Free Choice Mineral Supplement
8. Provides a significant proportion, 50%, of trace mineral requirements for Co, Cu, I, Mn, Zn (Zn, Se, Cu 100% in KY)
9. Locate mineral by water source for improve intake
10.Salt stimulates intake/don’t added more salt
Characteristic of a Good Free Choice Mineral Supplement11.Buy high quality mineral salts providing the best
biologically available forms of each.
12.Must be palatable to insure good intake.13.Backed by a good manufacturer with mineral
supplement label. READ the LABEL.
14.Formulated for the area involved, the environment, temperature humidity (Mg in KY)
15.Monensin or Decox additives
Find a Meat Goat GRAZING – Programs for IMPROVEMENT of Utilization
of Forage Resources!
• Soil Test• Lime• Fertilize• NPK• N – grass only
Fescue Curve for Dry Matter Production
•Vegetative Stage of Growth
•Seed Head Formation &
Seed Production
•Stem Elongation
Stage
Relationship Between Stage Of Maturity and Quality
Relationship Between Forage Maturity, Intake, and Quality
From Blazer, VPI
Forage Intake Declines with Maturity
Idea: Grazing Plans for 25 acres
Spring kidding area 12.5 ac & 75 does (3 does/acre)
•Creep gate for kids
•Tall Fescue and Red
Clover Grazing Mar. Apr.,
May & June 1
•Tall Fescue and Red Clover or Alfalfa/Red Clover Orchardgrass
•HAY MAKING •In MAY
6.25 ac
6.25 ac
Creep Gate Idea
What are the benefits of Creep Grazing Kids???n Forage Quality
Idea II Grazing Plans for 25 acres
•June 1, 75 does for 10 days
•Divide field with Polly-Fence
Tall Fescue and Red Clover
Grazing each paddock for 10 days and rotate
•Graze June-October by rotation•28 days rest / 10 grazing = 3 paddocks + 1 = 4 paddocks
•6.25 ac
•6.25 ac
There may be a need for an emergency grazing paddock August and September
Example of a: Staggered Grazing Heights
•03-08-06•Terry Hutchens
•University of Kentucky
Delay in Maturity and Enhances the Vegetative State
Why can this work for you?Plant Energy Levels Are Not Constant
•100% dependent on stored CHO’s
•Decrease until 6-8”
•Return to precut level by early bloom
•Allow 30-35 d rest
•Cut at 2 inches
•Most legumes have similar cycle. For example – Red Clover
•Carb in tap rootCarb in tap root
•Top growth
•3030
•2020
•1010
•HighHigh
•LowLow
•Cut or Graze
Cut or Graze
•then cycle
then cycle
•starts over
starts over
•againagain
•Dr. Jim Green•NC State
•Carb in tap rootCarb in tap root
•3030
•2020
•1010
•HigHighh
•LowLow
•Continuous Graze- Continuous Graze- •cycle never has cycle never has •chance to start chance to start •over againover again
•Dr. Jim Green•NC State
Maintain Healthy Root Systems
• Close continuous grazing depletes carbohydrates needed for topgrowth and root growth.
• Regrowth is high quality but there is very little of it.
• Additionally: less drought tolerance, less nutrient uptake, etc…
•Root area decline 30% per year in a continuously grazing system
Idea III Grazing Plans for 25 acres
•June 1, 75 does for 10 days
•Apply nitrogen to ½ of 12 acre block in August 15th for Stockpiled Tall
Fescue
•Graze fescue to maintain vegetative state or make hay August and Sept. •Begin graze 2 paddocks Fescue and Red Clover October 1 and graze •Graze Stockpiled Tall Fescue November-January
•Graze Sericea Lespedeza July-September by rotation•30 days rest / 10 grazing = 3 paddocks +1 = 4 paddocks
•Drill annual ryegrass in to SL Sept. 1
•6.25 ac
•6.25 ac
Perennial Lespedeza (serieca)
•03-08-06•Terry Hutchens
•University of Kentucky
Brown Tyne Forage Chicory
•3200 lbs dry matter,
•2 inches rain,
•3 grazing
Idea IV Grazing Plans for 25 acres
•June 15, 75 does for 10 days
•3 acres, Sorghum Sudan hybrids. Plant in May graze in July-
September by rotation•14 days rest / 14 days grazing = 2
paddocks
•6.25 ac
•6.25 ac
•Graze fescue to maintain vegetative state or make hay August and Sept. •Begin graze 2 paddocks Fescue and Red Clover October 1 and graze •Graze Stockpiled Tall Fescue November-January
Where Cool Meets Warm Season
•03-08-06•Terry Hutchens
•University of Kentucky
Chicory + Serecia Lespedeza and Tall Fescue (anti-parasitic compounds)
•03-08-06•Terry Hutchens
•University of Kentucky
Soil Stabilization Method
•High Density, UV Resistant Pipe•Lightweight, 60-gal Water Tank
•Full-flow Tank Valve, Quick Couplers
•High Density, UV Resistant Pipe•Lightweight, 60-gal Water Tank
•Full-flow Tank Valve, Quick Couplers
•QUICK COUPLER •COMPRESSION
•FITTING
•Quick Coupler With Barbed T Fitting•Quick Coupler With Barbed T Fitting
Questions??????
•Choice Chicory , Forage Feast, Puna •a true perennial chicory - Bred by AgResearch Grasslands NZ - High dry matter production - Improved cool season growth- Improved persistence •
•
•03-08-06•Terry Hutchens
•University of Kentucky
Summer Annuals Sorghum Sudangrass, Soybean
Forage Turnip Appin, Red Top Turnip, Spring Oats, Wheat