Some problems of extraction, Some problems of extraction, transport and usetransport and use

Development of Development of Renewable Energy Renewable Energy

in Russiain Russia

Lectured by:Lectured by:

Znamenskaya Irina. Znamenskaya Irina. Professor of Physics and Mathematics. Professor of Physics and Mathematics.

Doctor of science.Doctor of science. Moscow State Lomonosov Moscow State Lomonosov

UniversityUniversity Department of Physics.Department of Physics.

Znamenskaya Irina. Znamenskaya Irina. Scientific biographyScientific biography

1976 grad. from Moscow State Lomonosov University Department of 1976 grad. from Moscow State Lomonosov University Department of Physics. Physics.

1976 -1980 Postgraduate study MSU. 1976 -1980 Postgraduate study MSU. 1980 – Ph.D MSU Department of Physics.1980 – Ph.D MSU Department of Physics.   1981-1985 Kurchatov Institute of Nuclear Energy. 1981-1985 Kurchatov Institute of Nuclear Energy.    1985-2001 Moscow State Aviation University. 1985-2001 Moscow State Aviation University.    2000 Doctor's degree in MSU (in Mechanics of fluids and plasma) 2000 Doctor's degree in MSU (in Mechanics of fluids and plasma)   2001 Professor 2001 Professor     2001- 2008 Moscow State Lomonosov University, Department of 2001- 2008 Moscow State Lomonosov University, Department of

Physics, Chair of molecular physics. Head of Lab of plasma-gas Physics, Chair of molecular physics. Head of Lab of plasma-gas dynamics. dynamics.

    Scientific and teaching areas: supersonic flows; gas plasma flows Scientific and teaching areas: supersonic flows; gas plasma flows visualization; gas discharges; natural sciences conceptions. visualization; gas discharges; natural sciences conceptions.

Moscow State Moscow State Lomonosov UniversityLomonosov University

http://www.msu.ru

Moscow State Moscow State Lomonosov UniversityLomonosov University

Established in 1755.

 

Lomonosov Mikhail

Moscow State Moscow State Lomonosov UniversityLomonosov University

40 000 undergraduates 2 000 international students and postgraduates

http://www.msu.ru/

The University campus in Moscow covers 205.7 hectares.

Moscow State Lomonosov UniversityMoscow State Lomonosov University Department of PhysicsDepartment of Physics

2,480 students

Over 100 full professors

MSU ProfessorsMSU Professors The Nobel Prize in PhysicsThe Nobel Prize in Physics

1958

1962

1964

1978

2003

What is What is

Renewable Energy Sources?Renewable Energy Sources?

RES RES definitiondefinitions…s…

RES RES definitiondefinitionss

Wikipedia: Renewable energy is energy, generated from natural resourses—such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides and geothermal heat -which are renewable (naturally replenished).

For children

RES RES definitiondefinitionss

““Energy of Sun, wind, earth Energy of Sun, wind, earth heat, natural water currents and heat, natural water currents and also energy of natural existing also energy of natural existing temperature gradients”.temperature gradients”.

Law of Russian Federation of 03/04/1996 Law of Russian Federation of 03/04/1996

””On enegy On enegy efficiencyefficiency ””

RES RES definitiondefinitionss Law of Russian Federation of Law of Russian Federation of

04/11/200704/11/2007Renewable Energy is : Renewable Energy is :

Energy of Energy of Sun,Sun, Energy of Energy of wind,wind, Energy of Energy of waterwater (including energy of (including energy of sewage), sewage), exept nuclear exept nuclear

station station sewage sewage Tide Tide energyenergy, , energy of waves, rivers, seas, oceansenergy of waves, rivers, seas, oceans; ; GGeothermaleothermal energy with use of energy with use of natural natural undergroundunderground hear hear

transfertransfer TThermal energy of the earth, air, water with use of hermal energy of the earth, air, water with use of special special

heat-carriersheat-carriers, , BBiomassiomass including specially grown plants, including specially grown plants, including treesincluding trees, and , and

also production wastes and consumption, except for a waste also production wastes and consumption, except for a waste received received afterafter use of hydrocarbonic raw materials and fuel, use of hydrocarbonic raw materials and fuel,

BBiogasiogas GGas allocated with production as allocated with production wasteswastes and consumption on and consumption on

dumps of such waste,dumps of such waste, GGas formed on as formed on coal workings outcoal workings out..

Geographic positionGeographic position

Moscow region in winter

60 latitude 

Polar night

Small angle

Heating is the basic consumer Heating is the basic consumer of energy of any house in of energy of any house in

Russia. Russia.

Traditional Traditional Renewable Renewable Energy sources in RussiaEnergy sources in Russia

Traditional Traditional Renewable Renewable Energy in RussiaEnergy in Russia

The Russian furnace of a traditional design has shown the efficiency equal of 68 %, that is comparable to efficiency of modern is firm-fuel thermal power station.

And in the Russian furnace with the bottom warming up efficiency of use of fuel reaches 80 %!

strobilas

New RES definition:New RES definition:

““BBiomassiomass including including specially specially growngrown plants, plants, including treesincluding trees””

Non - Non - Renewable Energy Renewable Energy sources in Russiasources in Russia

Oil 12%

Gas 33%

Coal 14%

Energy sources in RussiaEnergy sources in Russia

Very little, about Very little, about 11 % - power on the basis of % - power on the basis of nonconventional renewed energy sourcesnonconventional renewed energy sources..

The fuel balance of Russia is first of all The fuel balance of Russia is first of all gasgas

for which account for which account half of all energy is provided.half of all energy is provided.

Acceleration of development Acceleration of development RESRES in Russia demands in Russia demands overcoming of barriers:overcoming of barriers:

psychological (we have enough gaspsychological (we have enough gas and and oil), oil), economic (it is expensive, it is necessary for economic (it is expensive, it is necessary for

regions), regions), legislative (legislative (nono financial and tax privileges), financial and tax privileges), organizational-administrative (absence of federal organizational-administrative (absence of federal

and regional plans), and regional plans), information (weak awareness of a society on information (weak awareness of a society on RESRES, ,

depreciation tendencies, world experience), depreciation tendencies, world experience),

Renewable Energy sources Renewable Energy sources in Russiain Russia

One of tOne of the problemhe problemss ofof development nonconventional development nonconventional renewable energyrenewable energy in in RussiaRussia is is connected withconnected with shortcoming of shortcoming of necessary legislative basenecessary legislative base..

Renewable Energy sources Renewable Energy sources in Russia – were?in Russia – were?

SShare of nonconventional hare of nonconventional renewable renewable energy sources energy sources in in Russia Russia in 2006 has reached an order 991 billionin 2006 has reached an order 991 billion ofof kw-h, kw-h, -- less than less than 1 %, 1 %, ((insignificantinsignificant))..

Still Still there are regions in which already now it is there are regions in which already now it is possible to develop renewed nonconventional possible to develop renewed nonconventional power actively. power actively.

1.1. NNorthern coastal regions, where a more potential orthern coastal regions, where a more potential for development for development wind energy sources;wind energy sources;

2.2. SSouthern outhern -- lot of sun; lot of sun; 3.3. RRegions where there are possibilities for water-egions where there are possibilities for water-

power engineering development. power engineering development. RRegions where egions where there are many rivers, including small, and, there are many rivers, including small, and, accordingly, possibilities for water-power accordingly, possibilities for water-power engineering development.engineering development.

Northern polar circle

Permafrost zone

Gulf Stream

Ice

The first tidal power station TPS in Russia has started to work in 1968 in the White sea.

2 new TPS are planned – in Wite sea and in Ohotckoe sea

Tidal station

Tidal power station

Tidal station new turbine

The Know-how of the modernised station - the unique orthogonal turbine which was not applied in water-power engineering. The turbine rotor always rotates in one direction irrespective of a direction of a power stream. Application of an orthogonal rotor reduces an expense for station operation approximately on 30 %.

Mobility assumes essentially new tactics in power: the station is under construction in the area where it will not maintain. They are deliver on a tow to the objects requiring developed energy. Kislogubskaya station (a ferro-concrete design in length of 36 m, 18,3 and height 15,35) was constructed by width in dock near Murmansk and then has been towed off for 100 km in the Kislaya Guba.

TThe world's first floating he world's first floating nuclear power plant - the nuclear power plant - the

Akademik LomonosovAkademik Lomonosov

Development of a normal power infrastructure is interfered by a permafrost and low population density in the far northern area.

The plant will house two 35 MW KLT-40S nuclear reactors, similar to those used in Russia's nuclear powered ice breakers, and two generators, and will be capable of supplying a city of 200,000 people. Originally destined for the Archangelsk industrial shipyard in northwest Russia, the Akademik Lomonosov will cost an estimated six billion roubles ($232 million) to build.

FFloating nuclear power plantloating nuclear power plantss

Rosatom is also planning to construct seven further floating nuclear power plants in addition to the one now under construction. Five of these will be used by Gazprom for offshore oil and gas field development and for operations on the Kola and Yamal peninsulas. One is planned for 2012 commissioning at Pevek on the Chukotka peninsula, another for Kamchatka region, both in the far east of the country. Further far east sites being considered are Yakutia and Taimyr.

Russia also hopes to export the floating units to other countries for electricity and seawater desalination, operating for 15 years before returning to Russia for defuelling and maintenance.

Most high-temperature geothermal fields used as a base for Most high-temperature geothermal fields used as a base for geothermal power plants are located in tectonically mobile belts geothermal power plants are located in tectonically mobile belts

of the earth crust characterized with recent volcanic activity. of the earth crust characterized with recent volcanic activity. In Russia such area are Kamchatka Peninsula with the present In Russia such area are Kamchatka Peninsula with the present installed capacity of GeoPs of 73 MW and 6 MW respectively. installed capacity of GeoPs of 73 MW and 6 MW respectively.

In 1966 the first GeoPS Pauzhetsky has started to work in the USSR.

2 GeoPS, constructed in 116 km from Petropavlovsk-Kamchatka, give to 30 % of all

electric power of area.

Prognostic GeoPP capacity in Kamchatka is evaluated Prognostic GeoPP capacity in Kamchatka is evaluated as 1250 MW (according to estimation of thermal as 1250 MW (according to estimation of thermal energy in reservoirs).energy in reservoirs).

Geothermal resourcesGeothermal resources

Oil - renewable energy Oil - renewable energy source?source?

IInorganic norganic oiloil origin  origin

IInorganic norganic oiloil origi origin n

22 points of view points of view onon origin of oil. origin of oil.

1.1. organic origin of oil accordingorganic origin of oil according:: oil was oil was formed of the rests of animals and plants, formed of the rests of animals and plants,

2.2. mineral originmineral origin:: synthesis of oil in the nature synthesis of oil in the nature from inorganic connections.from inorganic connections.

Kola Peninsula Superdeep Kola Peninsula Superdeep

BoreholeBorehole:: IInorganic norganic oiloil origin origin?? The super deep well SG-3, 12 262 m deep in the Kola Peninsula, Russia, is currently the deepest drilled hole in the world.

Baikal. Summer 2008Baikal. Summer 2008

Deep-operating vehicles “Mir-1" and “Mir-2" during immersing Deep-operating vehicles “Mir-1" and “Mir-2" during immersing have laid down on a bottom of Baikal on depth of 1580 metreshave laid down on a bottom of Baikal on depth of 1580 metres

According to participants of expedition, oil on Baikal exudes According to participants of expedition, oil on Baikal exudes from tectonic cracks.from tectonic cracks.

From a bottom of Baikal in its waters annually arrives about From a bottom of Baikal in its waters annually arrives about four tons of oil.four tons of oil. This oil is absorbed by the microorganisms This oil is absorbed by the microorganisms living on Baikal, therefore it does not extend on lake and is living on Baikal, therefore it does not extend on lake and is localized.localized.

Solar energy in RussiaSolar energy in Russia

Sun radiation map in summer

Solar batteriesSolar batteries

In Russia - In Russia - 5 5 000 square meters 000 square meters homehome solar batteries solar batteries

Southern solar station

Vladivostok “ecohouse”

International Space Station International Space Station (ISS) (ISS)

SSolar cell panelolar cell panels for tourisms for tourism

Solar station projectSolar station project

Microwave beamMicrowave beam Planned total capacity of stations will Planned total capacity of stations will

be equal 1,5-4,5 be equal 1,5-4,5 GVGV, and total , and total capacity at the consumer on the capacity at the consumer on the Earth - 0,75-2,25 Earth - 0,75-2,25 GWGW..

Wind PowerWind Power

Russia possesses one of the greatest resources of wind energy in the world.

Wind recourses in Russia

WPS under constraction in far WPS under constraction in far North (Anadir)North (Anadir)

Total capacity of all wind stations is only 15 Мw.

ConclusionsConclusions

TThere are regions here are regions in Russia werein Russia were it is it is effective way effective way to develop renewed power to develop renewed power energy stationsenergy stations. .

1.1. NNorthern coastal regions, where a more orthern coastal regions, where a more potential for development potential for development wind energy sources;wind energy sources;

2.2. SSouthern outhern - a- a lot of sun; lot of sun; 3.3. RRegions where there are possibilities for egions where there are possibilities for tide tide

and and water-power engineering development. water-power engineering development. RRegions where there are many rivers, including egions where there are many rivers, including small, and, accordingly, possibilities for water-small, and, accordingly, possibilities for water-power engineering development.power engineering development.

Thank you for Your kind attention!Thank you for Your kind attention!