Date post: | 23-Aug-2014 |
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Climate-smart agriculture: options for practices and systems
Sonja Vermeulen Head of Research
CGIAR Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security www.ccafs.cgiar.org
Climate-Smart Agriculture Online Learning Event FAO 13–27 May 2014
www.fao.org/climatechange/micca/79527
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CSA options involve farms,
landscapes, food systems
and services
landscape
crops
livestock
fish
food system
services
Photo: N. Palmer, CIAT
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CSA options for landscapes
landscape
Ensure close links between practice and policy (e.g. land use zoning)
Manage livestock & wildlife over
wide areas
Increase cover of trees and perennials
Restore degraded wetlands, peatlands,
grasslands and watersheds
Create diversity of land uses
Harvest floods & manage
groundwater
Address coastal
salinity & sea surges
Protect against large-scale erosion
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Led by Example: Sustainable land management in Ethiopia
Photos: W. Bewket, AAU
190,000 ha rehabilitated 98,000 households benefit Cut-and-carry feed for
livestock 380,000 m3 waterways 900,000 m3 compost
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CSA options for crops & fields
crops
Crop diversification and “climate-ready” species
and cultivars
Altering cropping patterns & planting
dates
Better soil and nutrient management e.g. erosion control and micro-dosing
Improved water use efficiency (irrigation
systems, water micro-harvesting)
Monitoring & managing new trends in pests and diseases
Agroforestry, intercropping &
on-farm biodiversity
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Example: Alternate-Wetting-and-Drying (AWD) in Vietnam
30% water
25-50% emissions
lower costs for farmers same yields better food security
• Keep flooded for first 15 days and at flowering
• Irrigate when water drops to 15 cm below the surface
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CSA options for livestock
livestock
High-quality diets that increase conversion
efficiency and reduce emissions
Herd management e.g. sale or slaughter at
different ages
Changing patterns of pastoralism and use of
water points
Livestock diversification and “climate-ready” species and breeds
Improved pasture
management
Use of human food waste for pigs & chickens
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Led by Example: Forest land use and cattle management in Brazil
Photo: N. Palmer, CIAT
45% higher stocking density no increase in pasture area better pasture quality 40% reduction in emissions agriculture decoupled from
deforestation
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CSA options for fisheries
& aquaculture
fish
Better physical defences against
sea surges
Quota schemes matched to
monitoring of fish stocks
Greater energy efficiency in harvesting
Rehabilitation of mangroves &
breeding grounds
Less dependence of aquaculture on marine fish feed
Reducing losses and wastage
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Photo: Government of China
Example: Integrated mollusc and finfish aquaculture in China
net carbon sink
(0.04 tonnes per hectare)
diversified food supply
energy use & costs
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CSA options for food systems
food system
More creative and efficient use of by-products
Less energy-intensity in
fertilizer production
Improving resilience of infrastructure for storage & transport (e.g. roads, ports)
Changing diets
Greater attention to food safety
Reducing post-harvest losses &
consumer wastage
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Led by Example: “Love Food Hate Waste” in United Kingdom
13 % less household food waste consumers saving $4 billion
national water footprint down 4% 3.6 million tonnes CO2eq less per year
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CSA options for services
services
Monitoring & data for food
security, climate & ecosystems
Early warning systems & weather forecasts
Mobile phone, radio & other extension or
information for farmers
Research that links farmers &
science
Weather insurance &
micro-finance
Financial transfers & other “safety nets” for
climate shocks
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Led by Example: Seasonal weather forecasts in Senegal
3 million farmers get forecasts 70 community radio stations better food security outcomes
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In summary,
climate-smart agriculture options are:
Often based on proven low-cost practices
Achievable at large scale
Best if integrated, not applied one by one
Vital for future food supplies
Already in the hands of farmers, businesses and
governments
Thank you! www.ccafs.cgiar.org
Twitter: @cgiarclimate