SONY/ATV EMI MERGER PROCEDURE

7/31/2019 SONY/ATV EMI MERGER PROCEDURE

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Ciiea` ic~ \pnoeajreckq ci rm` @p~c|`jk Pkeck

O'>5=0 Op}`gncp~d

@K

Ajq` Kc ACG\#G+9205 ' QCKU#

GPNJBJOJ B@Y@OC\G@KR# @GEGPQEA \PNOEQMEKD

Ckou rm` @kdoeqm r`}r eq jyjeojno` jkb jprm`krea+

^@DPOJRECK -@A Kc :15#>


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@P^C\@JK ACGGEQQECK

N~pqqòq/ :5#A-> >420

Rc rm` kcreiuekd |j~re`q8

B`j~ Qe~#Gjbjg/

Qpnhàr8 Ajq` Kc+ ACG\#G+9205 Qcku# Gpnjbjoj# @GE Gpqea \pnoeqmekd

Acggeqqeck bàeqeck |p~qpjkr rc J~reao` 9-:-n ek ackhpkareck term J~reao`

9-> ci Acpkaeo ^`dpojreck Kc :15#>/ rm` Acggeqqeck ~àèy`b j kcreieajreck ci j |~c|cq`b acka`kr~jreck

|p~qpjkr rc J~reao` 2 ci Acpkaeo ^`dpojreck -@A Kc :15#>2/ >5+:+>


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>

1+ Gpnjbjoj B`yòc|g`kr Acg|jku \HQA -.Gpnjbjoj. eq jk Jnp Bmjne |pnoea hcekr qrcaf

acg|jku icapq`b ck eky`qrg`kr jkb b`yòc|g`kr tmeam eq tmcoou ctk`b nu rm`

Dcy`~kg`kr ci rm` @ge~jr` ci Jnp Bmjne ek rm` Pker`b J~jn @ge~jr`q+ Gpnjbjoj eq jarey`

ek eky`qrekd ek j teb` ~jkd` ci qr~jr`dea qàrc~q/ ekaopbekd `k`~du/ preoere`q/ ~`jo `qrjr`/

njqea ekbpqr~e`q jkb q`~yea`q+

2+ @GE Gpqea \pnoeqmekd -.@GE G\. eq rm` @GE D~cp|$q gpqea |pnoeqmekd npqek`qq+

0+ Qcku#JRY eq kcr j |j~ru rc rm` r~jkqjareck npr teoo jbgekeqr`~ rm` @GE G\ ajrjocdp`+

Qcku#JRY eq j gpqea |pnoeqmekd acg|jku `qrjnoeqm`b ek :550 tm`k Qcku Gpqea

\pnoeqmekd tjq r~jkqi`~~`b rc j 0


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Gpnjbjoj$q ekiop`ka` cy`~ @GE G\

:+Ackr~co eq jazpe~`b ei jk pkb`~rjfekd ajk `}`~aeq` bàeqey` ekiop`ka` cy`~ rm` qr~jr`dea

acgg`~aejo n`mjyecp~ ci jkcrm`~ pkb`~rjfekd+> J gekc~eru qmj~`mcob`~ gju n` b``g`b rc

mjy` ackr~co ck j k`djrey` njqeq ei er eq jno` rc nocaf rm` jbc|reck ci qr~jr`dea bàeqeckq ek

jk pkb`~rjfekd termcpr mjyekd rm` |ct`~/ ck erq ctk/ rc eg|cq` qpam bàeqeckq+1 Qeka`

rmeq qmj~`mcob`~ ajk |~cbpa` j b`jbocaf qerpjreck/ rm` qmj~`mcob`~ jazpe~`q bàeqey`

ekiop`ka` termek rm` g`jkekd ci J~reao` 1 -> jkb rm`~ìc~` ackr~co termek rm` g`jkekd ci

rm` G`~d`~ ^`dpojreck+2

:1+Ek rm` `y`kr ci j gekc~eru qmj~`mcobekd/ ackr~co gju caap~ ek qerpjreckq tm`~` q|àeiea

~edmrq jrrjam`b rc rm` qmj~`mcobekd/ qpam jq jbbereckjo ~edmrq `kjnoekd rm` gekc~eru

qmj~`mcob`~ rc b`r`~gek` rm` qr~jr`dea acgg`~aejo n`mjyecp~ ci rm` pkb`~rjfekd rc n`jazpe~`b c~ gjhc~eru ~`zpe~`g`krq ic~ qr~jr`dea bàeqeck/ ek ijar acki`~ j y`rc ~edmr p|ck

rm` gekc~eru qmj~`mcob`~+0 Y`rc ~edmrq rmjr acki`~ hcekr ackr~co ru|eajoou ekaopb` bàeqeckq

ck eqqp`q qpam jq rm` npbd`r/ rm` npqek`qq |ojk/ gjhc~ eky`qrg`krq c~ rm` j||cekrg`kr ci

q`kec~ gjkjd`g`kr+9 Nu ackr~jqr/ y`rc ~edmrq rmjr j~` kc~gjoou jaac~b`b rc gekc~eru

qmj~`mcob`~q ek c~b`~ rc |~cràr rmè~ iekjkaejo ekr`~`qrq jq eky`qrc~q j~` pqpjoou ekqpiieae`kr

rc `qrjnoeqm ackr~co+4

:2+Ek rm` |~`q`kr ajq`/ ncrm Qcku jkb Gpnjbjoj tcpob `khcu ~edmrq rmjr `kjno` rm`g rc nocaf

qr~jr`dea bàeqeckq rmjr b`r`~gek` rm` qr~jr`dea acgg`~aejo n`mjyecp~ ci BM \pnoeqmekd

jkb m`ka` @GE G\+ Qcku/ jq jk ekbe~àr gekc~eru qmj~`mcob`~ ek BM \pnoeqmekd tcpob n`

d~jkr`b j y`rc ~edmr term ~`dj~b rc rm` jbc|reck ci BM \pnoeqmekd$q npbd`r/ rm` acg|jku$q

> Acggeqqeck Ackqcoebjr`b Hp~eqbeareckjo Kcrea` pkb`~ Acpkaeo ^`dpojreck -@A Kc :15#>


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jkkpjo npqek`qq |ojk jkb eky`qrg`krq ek `}a`qq ci PQB VW+ Jr rm` qjg` reg`/

Qcku#JRY/ tmeam eq hcekrou ackr~coo`b nu Qcku/ tcpob jar jq rm` jbgekeqr~jrc~ ci rm` @GE

G\ ajrjocdp`+

:0+Gpnjbjoj tcpob `khcu j y`rc ~edmr rmjr eq eb`kreajo rc Qcku$q jkb ek jbbereck mjy` rm` ~edmr

rc nocaf jku eg|c~rjkr eky`qrg`kr |~c|cq`b nu Qcku#JRY+

:9+Rm` Acggeqqeck iekbq rmjr ek jbbereck Gpnjbjoj tcpob `khcu qco` ackr~co cy`~ Gpnjbjoj

Qpn+ Rm` Acggeqqeck ~`jam`q rmeq ackaopqeck ek ye`t ci Gpnjbjoj$q ~edmr rc b`r`~gek`

rm` gjhc~eru ci rm` g`gn`~q ci rm` ncj~b jkb erq jneoeru rc ic~d` amjkdekd jooejka`q èrm`~

term DQC c~ Huktòo/ b`|`kbekd ck erq ekr`~`qr+ Ek ackr~jqr rc rm` qerpjreck ci hcekr

k`djrey` ackr~co/ qco` k`djrey` ackr~co ajk `}eqr ei kc crm`~ qmj~`mcob`~q `khcu rm` qjg`

o`yò ci ekiop`ka` jq rm` qmj~`mcob`~ rmjr eq jotjuq k``b`b rc ic~d` j gjhc~eru+ Rm`

qmj~`mcob`~ `khcuekd k`djrey` qco` ackr~co bc`q kcr kà`qqj~eou mjy` rc acc|`~jr` term

q|àeiea crm`~ qmj~`mcob`~q ek b`r`~gekekd rm` qr~jr`dea n`mjyecp~ ci rm` ackr~coo`b

pkb`~rjfekd+ Rmeq tcpob n` rm` ajq` ic~ Gpnjbjoj term ~`dj~b rc Gpnjbjoj Qpn+

:4+Ek oedmr ci rm` jncy`/ rm` Acggeqqeck ackaopb`q rmjr rm` |~c|cq`b acka`kr~jreck tcpob

acki`~ p|ck Qcku jkb Gpnjbjoj hcekr ackr~co cy`~ BM \pnoeqmekd jkb m`ka` @GE G\+

EEE+ @P BEG@KQECK

:=+Rm` pkb`~rjfekdq acka`~k`b mjy` j acgnek`b jdd~`djr` tc~obteb` rp~kcy`~ ci gc~` rmjk

@P^ 0


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>+ ^ò`yjkr |~cbpar gj~f`rq

>+:+ Gj~f`rq ic~ rm` `}|ocerjreck ci gpqea |pnoeqmekd ~edmrq

Kc qekdo` gj~f r ic~ rm` `}|ocerjreck ci gpqea |pnoeqmekd ~edmrq

>:+Rm` \j~re`q aojeg rmjr rm`~` qmcpob n` j qekdo` gj~f`r `kacg|jqqekd rm` `}|ocerjreck ci joo

ru|`q ci gpqea |pnoeqmekd ~edmrq+ Rmeq tcpob n` j||~c|~ejr` jq jprmc~q ackr~jar term gpqea

|pnoeqm`~q ic~ rm` `}|ocerjreck ci joo rmè~ gpqea |pnoeqmekd ~edmrq+

>>+Rm` Acggeqqeck mjq |~`yecpqou bìek`b q`|j~jr` |~cbpar gj~f`rq ic~ rm` `}|ocerjreck ci

beii`~`kr ajr`dc~e`q ci gpqea |pnoeqmekd ~edmrq+= Rm`q` ajr`dc~e`q ci ~edmrq t`~`8

-e Gàmjkeajo ~edmrq8 rm` ~edmr rc ~`|~cbpa` j tc~f ek j qcpkb ~àc~bekd -`+d+ ABq6

-ee \`~ic~gjka` ~edmrq8 rm` ~edmr ic~ acgg`~aejo pq`~q qpam jq n~cjbajqr`~q -RY c~

~jbec qrjreckq/ acka`~r mjooq/ rm`jr~`q/ kedmr aopnq/ ~`qrjp~jkrq rc beypod` j tc~f rc

rm` |pnoea6

-eeeQukam~ckeqjreck ~edmrq8 rm` ~edmr ic~ acgg`~aejo pq`~q qpam jq jby`~reqekd

jd`kae`q c~ ieog acg|jke`q rc qukam~ckeq` gpqea term j yeqpjo egjd`6

-ey\~ekr ~edmrq8 rm` ~edmr rc ~`|~cbpa` j tc~f ek qm``r gpqea6 jkb

-y Ckoek` ~edmrq8 j acgnekjreck ci gàmjkeajo jkb |`~ic~gjka` ~edmrq ic~ ckoek`

j||oeajreckq/ qpam jq gpqea bctkocjbekd jkb#c~ qr~`jgekd q`~yea`q+

>1+Rm` cy`~tmògekd gjhc~eru ci rm` ~`q|ckb`krq rc rm` gj~f`r eky`qredjreck -ncrm

acg|`rerc~q jkb apqrcg`~q ackie~g`b rmjr er eq qreoo j||~c|~ejr` rc bìek` gj~f`rq ek rmeqgjkk`~+ Rmù ekbeajr` rmjr i~cg j b`gjkb'qeb` |`~q|àrey` rm`~` eq kc qpnqrerprjneoeru

n`rt``k beii`~`kr ajr`dc~e`q ci ~edmrq jq beii`~`kr pq`~q ~`zpe~` beii`~`kr q`rq ci gpqea

|pnoeqmekd ~edmrq+5

>2+I~cg j qp||ou'qeb` |`~q|àrey`/ rm`~` j~` joqc eg|c~rjkr beii`~`ka`q n`rt``k rm` yj~ecpq

gpqea |pnoeqmekd ~edmrq+

>0+Rm` gjek beii`~`ka`q ~òjr` rc rm` ~co` ci acooàrekd qcae`re`q ek rm` oea`kqekd ci yj~ecpq

~edmrq+ Rm` oea`kqekd ci gàmjkeajo jkb |`~ic~gjka` ~edmrq ic~ ciioek` pq` eq d`k`~joou

aj~~e`b cpr nu acooàrekd qcae`re`q ck n`mjoi ci |pnoeqm`~q+ Nu ackr~jqr/ qukam~ckexjreck

jkb |~ekr ~edmrq j~` d`k`~joou oea`kq`b jkb jbgekeqr`~`b be~àrou nu rm` |pnoeqm`~q termcprrm` ekycoy`g`kr ci acooàrekd qcae`re`q+ Ckoek` ~edmrq j~` qpnhàr rc j mun~eb qcopreck

tm`~`nu qcg` ~`|`~rce~` gju n` oea`kq`b be~àrou nu |pnoeqm`~q c~ acooàrekd

qcae`re`q#~edmrq gjkjd`g`kr `krere`q jarekd jq rmè~ jd`krq jkb crm`~ ~`|`~rce~` eq oea`kq`b

nu acooàrekd qcae`re`q termcpr jku ekiop`ka` i~cg rm` |pnoeqm`~q+ Acooàrekd qcae`re`q j~`

o`djoou ncpkb rc d~jkr oea`ka`q ek j kck'beqa~egekjrc~u gjkk`~ rc beii`~`kr d~cp|q ci

= Acggeqqeck Bàeqeck ci >> Gju >


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pq`~q+ \pnoeqm`~q j~` kcr ncpkb nu rm` qjg` ~`dpojreckq+ Rm` gj~f`r eky`qredjreck mjq

qmctk rmjr jaac~bekdou/ rm`~` j~` beii`~`ka`q ek rm` tju rmjr ~cujore`q j~` `qrjnoeqm`b jkb

|jeb jkb rmjr oea`kqekd ackbereckq beii`~ |`~ ~edmr ajr`dc~u+

>9+Ck rm` njqeq ci rm` jncy`/ jkb ek |j~reapoj~ ek ye`t ci rm` beii`~`kr pq`~ ~`zpe~`g`krq ic~

`jam ajr`dc~u ci |pnoeqmekd ~edmrq jkb rm` beii`~`kr ~co` ci acooàrekd qcae`re`q/ rmÀcggeqqeck ackaopb`q ic~ rm` |p~|cq` ci rm` |~`q`kr bàeqeck rmjr rm` gj~f`r ic~ gpqea

|pnoeqmekd ~edmrq qmcpob n` qpnbeyeb`b jaac~bekd rc rm` ajr`dc~e`q ci ~edmrq ekrc -e

gàmjkeajo ~edmrq/ -ee |`~ic~gjka` ~edmrq/ -eee qukam~ckeqjreck ~edmrq/ -ey |~ekr ~edmrq jkb

-y ckoek` ~edmrq+

Q`dg`krjreck ci ckoek` ~edmrq

>4+Ek ye`t ci rm` ijar rmjr rm` eg|jar ci rm` |~c|cq`b r~jkqjareck acka`kr~jr`q gjekou ck rm`

gj~f`r ic~ ckoek` ~edmrq/ rm` Acggeqqeck ip~rm`~ ackqeb`~q tm`rm`~ rmeq gj~f`r qmcpob

ip~rm`~ n` qpnbeyeb`b jaac~bekd rc rm` ru|` ci ~`|`~rce~`/ ~`rjeo gcbò/ d`k~` jkb b`yea`+

Q`dg`krjreck jaac~bekd rc rm` ru|` ci ~`|`~rce~`8 Jkdoc'Jg`~eajk y+ Ackrek`krjo

@p~c|`jk ~`|`~rce~`

>=+Rm` \j~re`q j~dp` rmjr er tcpob kcr n` hpqreie`b rc qpnbeyeb` rm` gj~f`r ic~ rm` `}|ocerjreck

ci ckoek` ~edmrq ip~rm`~ jaac~bekd rc Jkdoc'Jg`~eajk:< ~`|`~rce~` jkb Ackrek`krjo

@p~c|`jk:: ~`|`~rce~`+ Jaac~bekd rc rm` \j~re`q ncrm b`gjkb'qeb` jkb qp||ou'qeb`

ackqeb`~jreckq njaf rmeq qrjr`g`kr+

>5+Rm` \j~re`q j~` ci rm` ye`t rmjr i~cg j b`gjkb'qeb` |`~q|àrey` rm`~` eq qpnqrerprjneoeru

n`rt``k Jkdoc'Jg`~eajk jkb Ackrek`krjo @p~c|`jk ~`|`~rce~` jkb rm` c~edek c~ ~`qeb`ka`

ci jk jprmc~ bc`q kcr ~`|~`q`kr j a~er`~eck ic~ ackqpg`~ amcea`+ Gc~`cy`~/ rm` \j~re`qackqeb`~ rmjr/ i~cg j qp||ou'qeb` |`~q|àrey`/ joo oj~d` |pnoeqm`~q q``f rc b`yòc| j

njojka`b ~`|`~rce~` acg|~eqekd ncrm Jkdoc'Jg`~eajk jkb Ackrek`krjo @p~c|`jk

~`|`~rce~`+ Rm` \j~re`q ip~rm`~ ackqeb`~ rmjr ac'jprmc~qme| jgckd Jkdoc'Jg`~eajk jprmc~q

jkb Ackrek`krjo @p~c|`jk jprmc~q nop~q jku |cqqeno` beqrekareck ic~ gj~f`r bìekereck

|p~|cq`q/ jq rmcq` gpqeajo tc~fq qpnhàr rc ac'jprmc~qme| teoo zpjoeiu jr rm` qjg` reg` jq

|j~r ci ncrm ~`|`~rce~`q+

1 Zp`qreckkje~` : rc Acg|`rerc~q/ Zp`qreck :


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n`rt``k qr~`jgekd jkb bctkocjb+ Rm` \j~re`q ~ì`~ rmjr/ i~cg j b`gjkb'qeb` |`~q|àrey`/

~`rjeo gcbòq acg|`r` term ck` jkcrm`~ qc rmjr beii`~`kr ckoek` gpqea q`~yea`q cii`~

qpnqrerprjno` ic~gq ci ackqpg`b gpqea jkb acg|`r` ic~ ackqpg`~ amcea`+ Gc~`cy`~/ ek

rm` ye`t ci rm` \j~re`q/ rm` `ycoyekd kjrp~` ci ckoek` ~`rjeo gcbòq eka~`jqekdou nop~q rm`

beii`~`ka`q n`rt``k bctkocjb jkb qr~`jgekd q`~yea q+ Rm` \j~re`q ip~rm`~ j~dp` rmjr/ i~cg

j qp||ou'qeb` |`~q|àrey`/ rm` qjg` ru|` ci ~edmrq jkb rm` qjg` ~`|`~rce~` j~` ekycoy`b+

19+Rm` gj~f`r eky`qredjreck tjq ekackaopqey` jq ~`dj~bq rm` k``b rc q`dg`kr ckoek` ~edmrq ck

rm` njqeq ci ~`rjeo gcbòq/ qpam jq bctkocjb c~ qr~`jgekd+ Jormcpdm/ bctkocjb jkb

qr~`jgekd q`~yea`q `jam ~`zpe~` j oea`ka` acgnekekd ncrm gàmjkeajo jkb |`~ic~gjka`

~edmrq/ oea`kqekd r`~gq jkb ackbereckq j||`j~ rc ~`dpoj~ou beii`~ ic~ rm` rtc ru|`q ci

|ojric~gq+

14+Mct`y`~/ rm` zp`qreck ci tm`rm`~ rm` gj~f`r ic~ ckoek` ~edmrq qmcpob n` ip~rm`~

qpnbeyeb`b jaac~bekd rc rm` ~`rjeo gcbò ekrc bctkocjb jkb qr~`jgekd ajk n` oìr c|`k ic~

rm` |p~|cq` ci rm` |~`q`kr bàeqeck jq rm` acg|`rerey` jqq`qqg`kr tcpob ~`gjek rm` qjg`

e~~`q|àrey` ci rm` ackaopqeck ck rmeq |cekr+

Q`dg`krjreck jaac~bekd rc d`k~`q

1=+Rm` \j~re`q j~dp` rmjr j gj~f`r ic~ rm` `}|ocerjreck ci ckoek` ~edmrq qmcpob kcr n` ip~rm`~

qpnbeyeb`b jaac~bekd rc beii`~`kr d`k~`q -amj~r merq/ aojqqeajo gpqea `ra++ Rm` \j~re`q ~ì`~

rmjr i~cg j b`gjkb qeb` |`~q|àrey` pq`~q d`k`~joou oea`ka` ~edmrq acy`~ekd j teb` yj~e`ru

ci d`k~`q+ I~cg j qp||ou'qeb` |`~q|àrey`/ gpqea |pnoeqm`~q acgg`~aejoeq` ~edmrq ic~ j

n~cjb ~jkd` ci d`k~`q jkb oea`ka`q jkb |~ea`q acy`~ joo ~`|`~rce~`+

15+Rm` gj~f`r eky`qredjreck ackie~gq rmjr er eq kcr j||~c|~ejr` rc ip~rm`~ beyeb` rm` gj~f`rq

ic~ ckoek` ~edmrq jaac~bekd rc d`k~`q+ ^`q|ckb`krq ekbeajr`b rmjr/ jormcpdm rm`~` eq joeger`b kpgn`~ ci |pnoeqm`~q q|àejoex`b ek ck` q|àeiea d`k~`/ gpqea |pnoeqm`~q j~`

d`k`~joou jarey` ja~cqq d`k~`q jkb bc kcr q|àejoeq` ek q|àeiea q`dg`krq+:9

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beqrekareck eq kcr j||~c|~ejr` ek rm` oedmr ci rm` acky`~d`ka` n`rt``k jaa`qq b`yea`q jq

tòo jq rm` eb`kreru ci oea`kq`b ~edmrq+:4

21+ Jq j ~`qpor/ rm` ìiàrq ci rm` |~c|cq`b acka`kr~jreck j~` jkjouq`b ck rm` cy`~joo gj~f`r

ic~ rm` `}|ocerjreck ci ckoek` ~edmrq ekaopbekd joo ru|`q ci jaa`qq b`yea`q+

Gj~f`r ic~ qukam~ckeqjreck ~edmrq jkb |~cbpareck gpqea

22+Rm` \j~re`q ip~rm`~ j~dp` rmjr rm`~` eq j qekdo` gj~f`r `kacg|jqqekd rm` `}|ocerjreck ci

qukam~ckeqjreck ~edmrq ic~ joo gpqeajo tc~fq/ ekaopbekd |~cbpareck gpqea -e+`+ gpqea

q|àeieajoou acggeqqeck`b nu |pnoeqm`~q ic~ qukam~ckeqjreck |p~|cq`q jkb kcr ic~ ~`qjo`+

Ek rmè~ ye`t/ j q`dg`krjreck ci rm` gj~f`r eq kcr j||~c|~ejr` jq i~cg j b`gjkb'qeb`

|`~q|àrey`/ |~cbpareck gpqea ic~gq |j~r ci j ~jkd` ci c|reckq jyjeojno` ic~

qukam~ckeqjreck |p~|cq`q+ Ek rm` ye`t ci rm` \j~re`q/ pq`~q ajk mjy` j qr~ckd |~ì`~`ka`

ic~ j |j~reapoj~ qckd c~ ajk n` ekbeii`~`kr jkb amccq` jk `}eqrekd ~àc~bekd ci j gpqeajo

tc~f/ j gpqeajo tc~f termcpr jk `}eqrekd ~àc~bekd/ |~cbpareck gpqea/ c~ ajk acggeqqeck

j k`t |eà` ci tc~f+

20+Rm` \j~re`q ip~rm`~ j~dp` rmjr i~cg j qp||ou'qeb` |`~q|àrey` rm`~` eq d`k`~joou kc

beii`~`ka` ek rm` oea`kqekd ci qukam~ckeqjreck ~edmrq ic~ crm`~ gpqeajo tc~fq jkb

|~cbpareck gpqea jq oea`ka`q j~` ru|eajoou k`dcrejr`b ck j neojr`~jo njqeq n`rt``k

|pnoeqm`~ jkb oea`kq``+

29+Ck` gj~f`r |j~reae|jkr j~dp`b rmjr rm` gj~f`r ic~ rm` oea`kqekd ci |~cbpareck gpqea acpob

n` ackqeb`~`b jq j q`|j~jr` gj~f`r i~cg rm` cy`~joo gj~f`r ic~ rm` oea`kqekd ci

qukam~ckeqjreck ~edmrq+ Jaac~bekd rc rmeq gj~f`r |j~reae|jkr b`gjkb'qeb` jkb qp||ou'qeb`

ackqeb`~jreckq njaf rmeq qrjr`g`kr+

24+Ek rm` ye`t ci rmeq gj~f`r |j~reae|jkr/ i~cg j b`gjkb'qeb` |`~q|àrey`/ |~cbpareck gpqea

eq d`k`~joou pq`b jq njafd~cpkb gpqea ic~ g`bej qcp~a`q+ I~cg j qp||ou'qeb` |`~q|àrey`/

rm` gj~f`r |j~reae|jkr j~dp`q rmjr |~cbpareck gpqea eq qpnhàr rc j beii`~`kr `}|ocerjreck

quqr`g rmjk crm`~ gpqeajo tc~fq oea`kq`b ic~ qukam~ckeqjreck |p~|cq`q+ Gpqea |pnoeqm`~q

cir`k c|`~jr` |~cbpareck gpqea jareyeru rm~cpdm b`beajr`b `krere`q+ Ek jbbereck/ gpqea

|pnoeqm`~q ctk ncrm ~àc~bekd jkb |pnoeqmekd ~edmrq rc |~cbpareck gpqea jkb rm`~ìc~`/

rm` oea`kqekd ci |~cbpareck gpqea ~edmrq bc`q kcr kà`qqj~eou rjf` |oja` rm~cpdm acooàrekd

qcae`re`q+

2=+Rm` gj~f`r eky`qredjreck tjq ekackaopqey` jq acka`~kq rm` k``b rc bìek` q`|j~jr`

gj~f`rq ic~ rm` `}|ocerjreck ci qukam~ckeqjreck ~edmrq jkb |~cbpareck gpqea+:=

25+Rm` zp`qreck ci tm`rm`~ rm` gj~f`r ic~ qukam~ckeqjreck gpqea ekaopb`q |~cbpareck gpqea

ajk n` oìr c|`k ic~ rm` |p~|cq` ci rm` |~`q`kr bàeqeck jq rm` acg|`rerey` jqq`qqg`kr

tcpob ~`gjek rm` qjg` e~~`q|àrey` ci rm` ackaopqeck ck rmeq |cekr+

:4 Q`` Zp`qreckkje~` : rc Acg|`rerc~q/ Zp`qreck :+0 jkb 9>+0+:6 Zp`qreckkje~` 1 rc Apqrcg`~q -ciioek`

gj~f`r/ Zp`qreckq 2=+>+0 jkb 2=+>+0+:6 Zp`qreckkje~` 9 rc Jprmc~q/ Zp`qreck 2+1+


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:+ Rm` gj~f`r ic~ |pnoeqmekd q`~yea`q rc jprmc~q

0>+Rm` \j~re`q jd~`` term rm` |~à`b`kr ci rm` Acggeqqeck ek Pkey`~qjo#NGD Gpqea

\pnoeqmekd:5 ck rm` ~ò`yjkr |~cbpar gj~f`r bìekereck ic~ |pnoeqmekd q`~yea`q rc jprmc~q

tm`~`nu j q`|j~jr` gj~f`r ic~ gpqea |pnoeqmekd q`~yea`q rc jprmc~q tjq bìek`b+

01+Jaac~bekd rc rm` |~à`b`kr ci rm` Acggeqqeck/ rm` gj~f`r ic~ |pnoeqmekd q`~yea`q rc

jprmc~q ~ì`~q rc rm` gj~f`r ck tmeam |pnoeqm`~q |~cyeb` jprmc~q term yj~ecpq q`~yea`q

qpam jq rm` |jug`kr ci jbyjka`q>< jkb rm` gjkjd`g`kr ci rm` ac|u~edmrq ek rmè~ tc~fq+

J|j~r i~cg rmeq/ |pnoeqm`~q |~cyeb` q`~yea`q rc jprmc~q rmjr q`~y` rm` |~cgcreck jkb

ip~rm`~ b`yòc|g`kr ci rm` jprmc~+ Rmeq ekaopb`q rm` |~cyeqeck ci gjkjd`g`kr q`~yea`q/ jq

tòo jq rm` |~cgcreck jkb ip~rm`~ aj~``~ b`yòc|g`kr ci rm` jprmc~ -rm` ojrr`~ acg|~eqekd

ic~ ekqrjka` rm` iekbekd ci |~cbpa`~q/ t~erekd |j~rk`~q c~ a~`jrey` dpebjka`+ Ek ~`rp~k ic~

rm`q` q`~yea`q rm` jprmc~q r~jkqi`~ rm` ~edmrq ackkàr`b rc rmè~ ctk tc~fq rc rm`

|pnoeqm`~q ic~ `}|ocerjreck/ c~ dey` rm` |pnoeqm`~ jk àckcgea ekr`~`qr ek rmè~ tc~fq ek rm`

ic~g ci j |c~reck ci rm` ~cujore`q ~àèy`b+ Tmeo` i~cg rm` |`~q|àrey` ci |pnoeqm`~q rmeqgj~f`r o`yò ackqrerpr`q j gj~f`r ic~ rm` jazpeqereck ci ~edmrq/ i~cg rm` ye`t|cekr ci

jprmc~q er ackqrerpr`q j gj~f`r ic~ |pnoeqmekd q`~yea`q+ Jprmc~q qmcpob kcr ckou n`

ackqeb`~`b jq qp||oe`~q ci qckdq/ npr joqc jq apqrcg`~q ~àèyekd yj~ecpq |pnoeqmekd

q`~yea`q+ Ic~ k`t jprmc~q/ ek |j~reapoj~/ j |pnoeqm`~ pqpjoou |~cyeb`q qr~jr`dea qp||c~r rc

qrj~r j aj~``~ jq er dey`q rc rm` jprmc~ ekerejo iekjkaejo qp||c~r jkb jaa`qq rc erq `qrjnoeqm`b

k`rtc~f ci j~reqrq jkb ~àc~b acg|jke`q+ Gc~` d`k`~joou rm` jbgekeqr~jrey` qp||c~r dey`k

nu |pnoeqm`~q jooctq jprmc~q rc icapq ck a~`jrey` jareyere`q+

02+Rm` gj~f`r eky`qredjreck ackie~g`b rm` ~ò`yjkr |~cbpar gj~f`r bìekereck jq bìek`b ek

Pkey`~qjo#NGD Gpqea \pnoeqmekd+>:Ek jbbereck/ rm` gj~f`r eky`qredjreck ackie~g`b rmjr

jprmc~q bc kcr q``g rc pq` beii`~`kr |pnoeqm`~q ic~ rm` beii`~`kr ajr`dc~e`q ci ~edmrq+>>

:5 Acggeqqeck Bàeqeck ci >> Gju >> Q`` Zp`qreckkje~`: rc Acg|`rerc~q/ Zp`qreckq :26 Zp`qreckkje~` 9 rc Jprmc~q/ Zp`qreck 2+


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::

00+Rm`~ìc~`/ rm` Acggeqqeck ackqeb`~q rmjr/ pkoef` ic~ rm` bctkqr~`jg gj~f`r ic~ rm`

`}|ocerjreck ci gpqea |pnoeqmekd ~edmrq/ kc ip~rm`~ q`dg`krjreck ci rmeq gj~f`r j||`j~q rc

n` j||~c|~ejr`+ Ic~ rm` |p~|cq`q ci rmeq bàeqeck rm`~ìc~`/ rm` ~ò`yjkr |~cbpar gj~f`r

teoo n` rmjr ci gpqea |pnoeqmekd q`~yea`q rc jprmc~q+

09+Iekjoou/ ckou j gekc~eru ci jprmc~q bc`q kcr ~òu ck |pnoeqm`~q$ q`~yea`q jkb qòi'|pnoeqmrmè~ tc~fq+ Qòi'|pnoeqmekd ajk kcrjnou n` yejno` ic~ `qrjnoeqm`b jprmc~q tmc bc kcr k``b

jku |pnoeqmekd q`~yea`q jkb tmc ajk ~òu ck acooàrekd qcae`re`q rc acooàr rm` ~ò`yjkr

~cujore`q ck n`mjoi ci rm` jprmc~+ Rm` gj~f`r eky`qredjreck ackie~g`b rmjr gjku jprmc~q

tcpob kcr `kyeqjd` tc~fekd termcpr j |pnoeqm`~+>1 Ek jku `y`kr/ dey`k rmjr acg|`rereck

rjf`q |oja` n`rt``k acg|jke`q |~cyebekd |pnoeqmekd q`~yea`q rc rmcq` jprmc~q tmc teqm

rc n`kìer i~cg qpam q`~yea`q/ qòi'|pnoeqmekd eq kcr ackqeb`~`b jq ic~gekd |j~r ci rm`

gj~f`r ic~ |pnoeqmekd q`~yea`q rc jprmc~q+

1+ ^ò`yjkr d`cd~j|mea gj~f`rq

1+:+ Gj~f`rq ic~ rm` `}|ocerjreck ci gpqea |pnoeqmekd ~edmrq

04+Rm` Acggeqqeck |~`yecpqou bìek`b kjreckjo gj~f`rq ic~ rm` `}|ocerjreck ci rm` yj~ecpq

ajr`dc~e`q ci gpqea |pnoeqmekd ~edmrq+ Rm` \j~re`q ~àcdkeq` rmjr rm`~` mjq n``k kc

gjr`~ejo amjkd` ic~ rm` oea`kqekd ci gpqea |pnoeqmekd ~edmrq qeka` rm` jbc|reck ci rm`

Pkey`~qjo#NGDGpqea \pnoeqmekd bàeqeck ek >2 Ckoek` apqrcg`~q eka~`jqekdou cnrjek @@J'teb` oea`ka`q ic~ ckoek` ~edmrq rc

Jkdoc'Jg`~eajk ~`|`~rce~`+ Joo gjhc~ gpqea |pnoeqm`~q jkb qcg` ekb`|`kb`kr gpqea|pnoeqm`~q mjy` j||cekr`b acooàrekd qcae`re`q c~ ~edmrq gjkjd`g`kr `krere`q jarekd jq

jd`krq rc cii`~ @@J'teb` c~ gpore'r`~~erc~u oea`ka`q -npr er ~`gjekq |cqqeno` rc cnrjek

kjreckjo oea`ka`q+

>1 Rmeq eq ek oek` term rm` Acggeqqeck$q iekbekdq ek Pkey`~qjo#NGD Gpqea \pnoeqmekd rmjr qòi'|pnoeqmekd ajk

n` yejno` ckou ic~ `qrjnoeqm`b jprmc~q jq j ~`qpor ci rm` `}eqr`ka` ci acooàrekd qcae`re`q tmc acooàr ~cujore`q

ck n`mjoi ci rm` jprmc~q+ Q`` Acggeqqeck Bàeqeck ci >> Gju >


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:>

9+ Rm` gj~f`rq ic~ |pnoeqmekd q`~yea`q rc jprmc~q

9>+Rm` \j~re`q jd~`` term rm` |~à`b`kr ci rm` Acggeqqeck ek Pkey`~qjo#NGD Gpqea

\pnoeqmekd>0 ck rm` ~ò`yjkr d`cd~j|mea gj~f`r bìekereck ic~ |pnoeqmekd q`~yea`q rc

jprmc~q+ Ek rmjr ajq` rm` Acggeqqeck ackqeb`~`b rmjr rm` gj~f`rq ic~ |pnoeqmekd q`~yea`q

rc jprmc~q j~` gjekou kjreckjo npr poregjròu oìr c|`k rm` `}jar d`cd~j|mea gj~f`r

bìekereck+

91+Rm` gj~f`r eky`qredjreck ekbeajr`b rmjr jormcpdm rm` d`cd~j|mea qac|` ci rm` gj~f`r ic~

|pnoeqmekd q`~yea`q rc jprmc~q acpob n` n~cjb`~ rmjk kjreckjo/ jprmc~q qreoo r`kb rc rp~k rc|pnoeqm`~q term j ocajo |~`q`ka` jkb r`kb rc n` g`gn`~q ci rm` kjreckjo acooàrekd

qcae`re`q+>9

92+Rm` `}jar d`cd~j|mea qac|` gju/ mct`y`~/ n` oìr c|`k qeka` kc q`~ecpq bcpnrq j~eq`

~`dj~bo`qq ci rm` d`cd~j|mea qac|` ci rm` ~ò`yjkr gj~f`r+

Y+ ACG\@REREY@ JQQ@QQG@KR

:+ Njafd~cpkb

90+Ek >26 Zp`qreckkje~` 9 rc Jprmc~q/ Zp`qreckq 0 jkb 9+


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:1

^`y`kp` njq`b gj~f`r qmj~`q ic~ cy`~joo gpqea |pnoeqmekd ~edmrq ->


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:2

`qregjr` rm` ~`ojrey` qex` ci `jam gjhc~ gpqea |pnoeqm`~+ Rm` Acggeqqeck joqc `qregjr`b

rm` qmj~`q ci cy`~joo |pnoeqmekd ~`y`kp`q ci rm` icp~ gjhc~ |pnoeqm`~q ck jk @@J'teb`

o`y`o jqqpgekd rmjr rm` gjhc~q mcob 9


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:0

^`y`kp` njq`b gj~f`r qmj~`q ic~ g`amjkeajo ~edmrq ic~ ciioek` pq` ->


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:9

@@J Rcrjo V0':


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:4

4=+Pkb`~ rm` Jkdoc'Jg`~eajk gcbò/ jprmc~q r~jkqi`~ rmè~ gàmjkeajo ~edmrq rc |pnoeqm`~q

-èrm`~ nu jqqedkg`kr c~ oea`ka`/ tmc/ ek rp~k/ j||cekrq j acooàrekd qcae`ru rc jbgekeqr`~

rm`q` ~edmrq+ Rm` gpqea |pnoeqm`~ eq rm`~`nu `krero`b rc ~àèy` joo ~cujore`q be~àrou i~cg

rm` acooàrekd qcae`ru+ Rm` |pnoeqm`~ teoo rm`k |ju j qmj~` rc rm` jprmc~ rm` q|oer mjyekd

n``k ackr~jarpjoou jd~``b n`rt``k rm` |pnoeqm`~ jkb rm` jprmc~+

45+Rm` \j~re`q qpnger rmjr rm` o`djo beii`~`ka`q n`rt``k rm`q` rtc gcbòq mjy` oeger`b

|~jareajo eg|oeajreckq ek rm` oea`kqekd ci gàmjkeajo ~edmrq ic~ ciioek` pq`+ Ek |j~reapoj~/

rmù aojeg rmjr/ i~cg rm` oea`kq``$q |`~q|àrey`/ er eq e~~ò`yjkr tmeam jbgekeqr~jrey` gcbò

eq j||oeajno` jq/ pkb`~ ncrm gcbòq/ acooàrekd qcae`re`q |oju j a`kr~jo ~co` ek oea`kqekd jkb

jbgekeqr`~ekd gàmjkeajo ~edmrq/ gckerc~ekd qjo`q jkb acooàrekd ~cujore`q ck n`mjoi ci

jprmc~q jkb rmè~ |pnoeqm`~q+

= Rm` NE@G'EI\E jd~``g`kr ackrekp`q rc n` j||oe`b ek |~jarea` jormcpdm ràmkeajoou rm` jd~``g`kr mjq

`}|e~`b+


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:=

rm` Acggeqqeck icpkb rmjr acooàrekd qcae`re`q t`~` ncpkb nu o`djo cnoedjreckq rc q`r

~cujoru ~jr`q ek j kck'beqa~egekjrc~u tju/ e+`+/ rc amj~d` rm` qjg` rj~eii ic~ `y`~u jprmc~q

tc~f -beii`~ekd ckou nu ajr`dc~u ci pq` jkb kcr rc ~ìpq` oea`ka`q rc pq`~q+11 Iekjoou/ rm`

Acggeqqeck icpkb rmjr ek rm` r~jbereckjo quqr`g ci acooàrekd qcae`re`q/ |pnoeqm`~q gju

ekiop`ka` rm` |~eaekd bàeqeckq ckou ekbe~àrou yej rmè~ ~`|~`q`krjreck ck rm` ncj~bq+

Mct`y`~/ qeka` d`k`~joou joo ycr`q mjy` `zpjo tèdmr/ rm` |pnoeqm`~q ic~gjoou bc kcr mjy`j bàeqey` ekiop`ka` ck rm` acooàrekd qcae`re`q jkb `y`k o`qq qc ck` qekdo` |pnoeqm`~+12

=2+Ek rmeq ajq` rm` gj~f`r eky`qredjreck oj~dòu ackie~g`b rmjr rm`q` gj~f`r ackbereckq qreoo

`}eqr rcbju+ Ek |j~reapoj~/ ek ~òjreck rc rm` dcy`~kjka` ci rm` acooàrekd qcae`re`q/ rm`

gjhc~eru ci ~`q|ckbekd acooàrekd qcae`re`q ackie~gq rmjr |pnoeqm`~q gju n` òedeno` rc j

q`jr ck rmè~ Ncj~b ci Be~àrc~q jkb rmù qèx` rmeq c||c~rpkeru ek |~jarea`+ Mct`y`~/ rm`

kpgn`~ ci q`jrq rmjr eq c|`k rc |pnoeqm`~q eq pqpjoou oeger`b ek ~òjreck rc rm` rcrjo kpgn`~

ci q`jrq jkb rm`~ìc~` rmè~ jneoeru rc `}`~r |ct`~ ek ~òjreck rc rm` qrjkbj~b oea`kqekd

ackbereckq eq oeger`b+10 Ek jbbereck/ rm` gj~f`r eky`qredjreck ackie~g`b rmjr ek gcqr

acooàrekd qcae`re`q bàeqeckq nu rm` ncj~b j~` rjf`k nu qeg|o` gjhc~eru+ Qeka` d`k`~joou

joo ycr`q mjy` `zpjo tèdmr rm` |pnoeqm`~q j~` kcr ek j |cqereck rc `}`~r j bàeqeyèkiop`ka` ck rm` acooàrekd qcae`re`q$ bàeqeckq+19

=0+Gc~`cy`~/ jaac~bekd rc rm` gj~f`r eky`qredjreck acooàrekd qcae`re`q j~` ~`q|ckqeno` ic~

d~jkrekd rm` oea`ka`q ic~ rm` gàmjkeajo jkb |`~ic~gjka` ~edmrq ic~ ciioek` pq` ck

~`jqckjno` jkb `zpjo r`~gq jkb qpnhàr rc kck'beqa~egekjreck cnoedjreckq14 jkb kcr rc

~ìpq` oea`ka`q rc pq`~q+ Iekjoou/ rm` gj~f`r eky`qredjreck ~`y`jo`b rmjr acooàrekd qcae`re`q

q`r rmè~ rj~eiiq èrm`~ nu icooctekd k`dcrejreckq term rm` ~`q|àrey` qrjf`mcob`~q#

~`|~`q`krjrey`q ci pq`~q jkb#c~ r~jb` jqqcaejreckq c~ ek acg|oejka` term ~`q|àrey`

o`deqojrey` i~jg`tc~fq ek `jam acpkr~u+ Ek gcqr ajq`q/ acooàrekd qcae`re`q j||ou rm`

NE@G'EI\E qrjkbj~b gcbò jd~``g`kr rj~eiiq c~ rm` ~jr`q q`r nu rm` PF Ac|u~edmr

R~enpkjo ic~ gàmjkeajo ~edmrq ic~ ciioek` pq`q+1=

=9+Rm` Acggeqqeck ackqeb`~q rmjr rm` |j~reapoj~ amj~jar`~eqreaq ci rm` gj~f`rq kjgòu rm`

~co` ci rm` acooàrekd qcae`re`q ' |~`y`kr |pnoeqm`~q i~cg ekb`|`kb`krou |~eaekd c~ q`rrekd

oea`kqekd r`~gq ic~ gàmjkeajo c~ |`~ic~gjka` ~edmrq ic~ ciioek` pq`+ Gc~`cy`~/ |pnoeqm`~q

bc kcr ic~gjoou j||`j~ rc `}`~aeq` j bàeqey` ekiop`ka` ck ~ò`yjkr bàeqeckq -ic~ ekqrjka`

rmcq` b`r`~gekekd ~cujoru ~jr`q rjf`k nu acooàrekd qcae`re`q+

11 Acggeqqeck Bàeqeck ci >> Gju >/ 9+1+

1= Zp`qreckkje~` 0 rc Acooàrekd Qcae`re`q/ Zp`qreckq 9+:+


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:5

>+1+ \cr`krejo termb~jtjo ci gàmjkeajo |pnoeqmekd ~edmrq ic~ ciioek` pq`q

=4+Ic~ gàmjkeajo ~edmrq ic~ ciioek` pq` -e+`+ gjekou acka`~kekd oea`ka`q rc ~àc~b

acg|jke`q/ qcg` ~`q|ckb`krq rc rm` gj~f`r eky`qredjreck ekbeajr`b rmjr gpqea |pnoeqm`~q

gju n` jno` rc termb~jt rmè~ ciioek` gàmjkeajo ~edmrq ic~ Jkdoc'Jg`~eajk ~`|`~rce~`

i~cg acooàrekd qcae`re`q ek rm` k`j~ iprp~` ek rm` qjg` tju rmù mjy` bck` ic~ Jkdoc'Jg`~eajk ckoek` gàmjkeajo ~edmrq+ Ei rmeq t`~` rc gjr`~ejoeq`/ rm` oea`kqekd gcbò ic~

ciioek` gàmjkeajo ~edmrq acpob nàcg` qegeoj~ rc rm` ck` ic~ ckoek` gàmjkeajo ~edmrq ic~

Jkdoc'Jg`~eajk ~`|`~rce~`/ tm`~` gpqea |pnoeqm`~q jo~`jbu ackr~co rm` oea`kqekd r`~gq

jkb ackbereckq -q`` nòct jr |j~jd~j|mq :24 rc :0> nòct+

==+Gc~`cy`~/ er eq qpngerr`b rmjr pkb`~ rm` r`~gq ci rm` Ajkk`q Jd~``g`kr -tmeam eq jk

jd~``g`kr n`rt``k acooàrekd qcae`re`q jkb rm` gjhc~ gpqea |pnoeqm`~q jkb ~`dpojr`q rm`

a`kr~jo |jk'@p~c|`jk oea`kqekd ci gàmjkeajo ~edmrq rc ~àc~b acg|jke`q nu acooàrekd

qcae`re`q/ rm` icp~ gjhc~ |pnoeqm`~q j~` jo~`jbu jno` rc `}`~r y`rc ~edmrq cy`~ qpam

oea`kqekd ic~ rmè~ ctk ~`|`~rce~` -e+`+ |~`y`kr rmè~ ~`|`~rce~` i~cg nèkd ekaopb`b ek rm`

a`kr~jo oea`kqekd jd~``g`kr -.AOJ. pko`qq rmù j~` ackr`kr term rm` r`~gq nèkd|~c|cq`b+ \cqr'g`~d`~/ Qcku#JRY tcpob mjy` j oj~d`~ ~`|`~rce~`/ tmeam tcpob gjf` erq

|cr`krejo y`rc cy`~ qpam j~~jkd`g`krq gc~` |ct`~ipo+ Qcku#JRY acpob pq` erq y`rc rc

mjg|`~ rm` jneoeru ci erq acg|`rerc~q rc ackaopb` jrr~jarey` a`kr~jo oea`kqekd jd~``g`krq c~

acpob pq` erq y`rc |ct`~ rc `}r~jar medm`~ ~jr`q i~cg ~àc~b acg|jke`q -ek |j~reapoj~ rm`

qgjoo`~ ck`q+

=5+Rm` \j~re`q qpnger rmjr term ~`q|àr rc ciioek` |`~ic~gjka` ~edmrq jkb ciioek` gàmjkeajo

~edmrq ic~ Ackrek`krjo @p~c|`jk ~`|`~rce~`/ qpam termb~jtjo tcpob kcr n` i`jqeno`/ qeka`

rm` ~edmrq ci jprmc~q j~` be~àrou r~jkqi`~~`b rc rm` acooàrekd qcae`re`q/ |pnoeqm`~q rmpq kcr

nèkd jno` rc ctk c~ ackr~co rm` ~edmrq rm`gqòy`q+

5


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>+Rm` \j~re`q ip~rm`~ qpnger rmjr rm`~` j~` cy`~tmògekd |~jareajo ~`jqckq tmu kc |pnoeqm`~

mjq termb~jtk rm` jbgekeqr~jreck ci gàmjkeajo ~edmrq ic~ ciioek` pq` i~cg rm` kjreckjo

acooàrekd qcae`re`q+

51+Ie~qr/ rm` jbgekeqr~jreck ci gàmjkeajo ~edmrq ic~ r~jbereckjo pq` eq acg|o`} jkb

np~b`kqcg`+

52+Qàckb/ rm`~` eq oerro` eka`krey` ck |pnoeqm`~q rc q``f jk jor`~kjrey` a`kr~joex`b gcbò ic~

oea`kqekd gàmjkeajo ~edmrq ic~ ciioek` pq`q+ Rm` ap~~`kr a`kr~jo oea`kqekd jd~``g`krq

eqqp`b pkb`~ rm` Ajkk`q Jd~``g`kr jooctq ~àc~b acg|jke`q -rm` |~ekae|jo pq`~q ci

gàmjkeajo ciioek` ~edmrq rc cnrjek jk @@J'teb` oea`ka` ic~ rm` ~`|`~rce~` ci joo

acooàrekd qcae`re`q i~cg j qekdo` qcae`ru+

50+Rme~b/ rm` Ajkk`q Jd~``g`kr a~`jr`q jbbereckjo n`kìerq ic~ |pnoeqm`~q VW termb~jtjo

tcpob rm`~ìc~` ~`qpor ek rm` ocqq ci ìieae`kae`q jkb n`kìerq+ J |j~jooò oea`kqekd

i~jg`tc~f ic~ rm` oea`kqekd ci gpqea |pnoeqm`~q$ gàmjkeajo ~edmrq ic~ Jkdoc'Jg`~eajk

~`|`~rce~` tcpob g`jk bp|oeajrey` acqrq jkb jbgekeqr~jrey` np~b`kq ic~ gpqea |pnoeqm`~q+

59+Icp~rm/ eka~`jq`b acqrq tcpob kcr n` oefòu rc n` acg|`kqjr`b nu medm`~ oea`kqekd

~`y`kp`q+ ^àc~b acg|jke`q tcpob kcr jaa`|r rc |ju medm`~ ~cujore`q rmjk rm` ck`q |jeb

pkb`~ rm` `}eqrekd a`kr~jo oea`kqekd jd~``g`krq+

54+Iekjoou/ rm` \j~re`q qpnger rmjr jku |cr`krejo termb~jtjo tcpob kcr n` g`~d`~'q|àeiea+

Pkb`~ rm` i~jg`tc~f q`r p| nu rm` Ajkk`q Jd~``g`kr/ kc |pnoeqm`~ mjq gc~` c~ o`qq

$y`rc$ |ct`~ rmjk crm`~q+ Rm` Ajkk`q Jd~``g`kr eq qpnhàr rc ~`ye`t nu rm` Ekr`~kjreckjo

Acki`b`~jreck ci Gpqea \pnoeqm`~q jkb ycrekd termek rmjr c~djkexjreck bc`q kcr rp~k ck

rm` qex` ci ekbeyebpjo |pnoeqm`~q+ Gc~`cy`~/ rm` n`kìerq ci rm` jd~``g`kr j||ou `zpjoou rc

joo gpqea |pnoeqm`~q jkb rmè~ jprmc~q e~~`q|àrey` ci |pnoeqm`~ qex`+

5=+Ek erq bàeqeck ek Pkey`~qjo# NGD/ rm` Acggeqqeck icpkb rmjr tmeo` qedkeieajkr amjkd`q

rc rm` ~edmrq jbgekeqr~jreck j~` rjfekd |oja` ic~ ckoek` ~edmrq/ kc qpam b`yòc|g`krq acpob

n` cnq`~y`b ic~ gàmjkeajo jkb |`~ic~gjka` ~edmrq ic~ ciioek` pq`q+2< Ek rmeq ackr`}r/ rm`

Acggeqqeck cnq`~y`b rmjr rm` termb~jtjo ci gàmjkeajo jkb |`~ic~gjka` ~edmrq ic~

r~jbereckjo pq` eq gc~` beiieapor rmjk rm` termb~jtjo ci ckoek` ~edmrq+ Ek |j~reapoj~/ rm`

jbgekeqr~jreck ci rm`q` ~edmrq tcpob ackrekp` rc ~`zpe~` j medm b`d~`` ci ocajo |~`q`ka` ek

rm` acpkr~e`q tm`~` rm` apqrcg`~q j~` ocajr`b tm`~`jq ckoek` ~edmrq ajk/ rc j qedkeieajkr

`}r`kr/ n` jbgekeqr`~`b a`kr~joou+ Ic~ j termb~jtjo ci qpam ~edmrq/ rm` jqqeqrjka` ci

acooàrekd qcae`re`q tcpob n` k``b`b jq rmù mjy` jr rmè~ beq|cqjo/ ic~ rm` ~`q|àrey`

r`~~erc~e`q/ ~ò`yjkr ekic~gjreck jncpr ~edmr pq`~q jq tòo jq rm` kà`qqj~u gckerc~ekdk`rtc~f+2:

55+Rm` Acggeqqeck ackqeb`~q rmjr rm`q` iekbekdq j~` qreoo ~ò`yjkr rcbju+ Jormcpdm joo gjhc~

|pnoeqm`~q mjy` termb~jtk rmè~ gàmjkeajo ckoek` ~edmrq ic~ Jkdoc'Jg`~eajk ~`|`~rce~`

2< Acggeqqeck Bàeqeck ci >> Gju >


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i~cg acooàrekd qcae`re`q qeka` rm` Acggeqqeck$q bàeqeck ek Pkey`~qjo#NGD/ rm`~` mjq

kcr n``k jku qegeoj~ gcy` rc termb~jt rm` gàmjkeajo ~edmrq ic~ ciioek` pq`/ tmeam

ackrekp` rc n` jbgekeqr`~`b nu rm` acooàrekd qcae`re`q+ Rm` gj~f`r amj~jar`~eqreaq mjy`

kcr amjkd`b rc jku qedkeieajkr `}r`kr qeka` rmjr bàeqeck jkb rm` Acggeqqeck bc`q kcr

mjy` ekbeajreckq rmjr rmù teoo amjkd` ek j tju rmjr tcpob gjf` qpam j termb~jtjo gc~`

oefòu+ Rm`~ìc~`/ tmeo` rm` |cqqeneoeru ci j termb~jtjo ci gàmjkeajo ~edmrq ic~ ciioek`pq`q term ~`q|àr rc Jkdoc'Jg`~eajk ~`|`~rce~` ajkkcr n` `}aopb`b ek rm` ockd'r`~g/ rmeq

eq kcr j |~cnjno` b`yòc|g`kr ek rm` ic~`q``jno` iprp~` rm` regì~jg` rmjr eq ~ò`yjkr ic~

rm` acg|`rerey` jqq`qqg`kr ci rm` |~`q`kr r~jkqjareck+ Ip~rm`~gc~`/ dey`k rmjr rm` gjhc~

|pnoeqm`~q j~` jo~`jbu jno` rc y`rc rm` ekaopqeck ci rmè~ ctk ~`|`~rce~` ek j AOJ pkb`~

rm` Ajkk`q Jd~``g`kr/ termb~jtekd rmè~ ~`|`~rce~` i~cg rm` qac|` ci rm` jd~``g`kr

tcpob kcr n` g`~d`~ q|àeiea jkb tcpob ek jku `y`kr n` oeger`b rc rm` ekaopqeck ci rmè~

~`|`~rce~` ek a`kr~jo oea`kqekd jd~``g`krq pkb`~ rm` Ajkk`q Jd~``g`kr+ Rm` Ajkk`q

Jd~``g`kr bc`q kcr jiiàr rm` acooàrekd qcae`re`q$ jneoeru rc eqqp` kjreckjo oea`ka`q+

>+2+ Ackaopqeck

:


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^`y`kp` njq`b gj~f`r qmj~`q ic~ |~ekr ~edmrq ->


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:#55/Je~rcp~q |oa y Acggeqqeck/ Ajq` R'292#+>


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::>+ Rm` \j~re`q qpnger rmjr acc~bekjr`b ìiàrq acka`~kq bc kcr j~eq` nàjpq`/ ie~qr/ rm`

gj~f`r eq kcr r~jkq|j~`kr qeka` rm` oea`kqekd r`~gq ic~ |~ekr ~edmrq j~` -e neojr`~joou

k`dcrejr`b n`rt``k gpqea |pnoeqm`~q jkb |~ekr gpqea |pnoeqm`~q6 -ee j~` kcr |pnoeaou

jyjeojno`6 jkb -eee ajkkcr n` ~`y`~q`'`kdek``~`b+ Gc~`cy`~/ rm` ~cujoru ~jr`q j~`

d`k`~joou ajoapojr`b jq j |`~a`krjd` ci rm` ~`rjeo |~ea`/ |jeb ck rm` ~àcgg`kb`b ~`rjeo

|~ea`q -^^\ q`r nu rm` |~ekr gpqea |pnoeqm`~ ic~ ciioek` |~ekr gpqea/ jkb ci rm`~`y`kp`q ~àèy`b nu rm` ckoek` ~`rjeo`~ ic~ ckoek` |~ekr gpqea+ Rm` |~ekr gpqea |pnoeqm`~

eq kcr ackqr~jek`b ek jku tju nu rm` gpqea |pnoeqm`~ ek k`dcrejrekd tmco`qjo` |~ea`q term

~`rjeo`~q/ kc~ i~cg q`rrekd rm` ^^\+

::1+ Qàckb/ rm` \j~re`q qpnger rmjr ~`y`kp`q i~cg |~ekr ~edmrq j~` b`~ey`b ek |j~reapoj~

i~cg tc~fq ci qpaa`qqipo jprmc~q/ jkb rm`~ìc~` i~cg acg|`rereck rc qedk qpaa`qqipo

jprmc~q ek rm` p|qr~`jg gj~f`r+ Rme~b/ rm` oj~d` kpgn`~ ci crm`~ qedkeieajkr |pnoeqm`~q

tcpob n` jno` rc pkb`~gek` jku ac'c~bekjreck n`rt``k rm` gjhc~ gpqea |pnoeqm`~q+

Gc~`cy`~/ rm` |cqqeneoeru ci k`t `kr~u jkb `}|jkqeck jq terk`qq`b ek ~à`kr u`j~q '

tcpob ip~rm`~ b`qrjneoeq` jku |cqqeno` jrr`g|r jr acc~bekjreck+ Icp~rm/ rm`~` eq kc

|ojpqeno` ~`rjoejrc~u gàmjkeqg rmjr gedmr qpqrjek jku rjaer pkb`~qrjkbekd ek ~òjreck rcrm` oea`kqekd ci |~ekr ~edmrq+

::2+ Rm` gj~f`r eky`qredjreck tjq ekackaopqey` jq rc rm` r~jkq|j~`kau ci rm` |~ekr ~edmrq

gj~f`r jkb jq rc tm`rm`~ |~ea`q amj~d`b nu rm` gjhc~ |pnoeqm`~q ic~ rm` oea`kqekd ci |~ekr

~edmrq j~` joedk`b+29 Qcg` apqrcg`~ ~`q|ckq`q ekbeajr` rmjr tmeo` ~cujoru ~jr`q j||`j~ rc

n` qegeoj~/ jbyjka`q jkb#c~ dpj~jkr``b gekegpg ~cujore`q gju beii`~ jgckd |pnoeqm`~q+

::0+ Rm` Acggeqqeck kcr`q rmjr rm` \j~re`q$ gj~f`r qmj~`q n`rt``k >


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>0

Ackaopqeck ck acc~bekjr`b iiàrq

::4+ Ic~ rm` jncy` ~`jqckq/ rm` Acggeqqeck ackaopb`q rmjr rm` |~c|cq`b r~jkqjareck bc`q

kcr ~jeq` q`~ecpq bcpnrq jq rc erq acg|jreneoeru term rm` ekr`~kjo gj~f`r ek ~òjreck rc

acc~bekjr`b ìiàrq ek jku ci rm` gj~f`rq ic~ |~ekr |pnoeqmekd ~edmrq tmeam j~` jiiàr`b jr

kjreckjo o`yò+

2+ Gj~f`r ic~ qukam~ckeqjreck |pnoeqmekd~edmrq

2+:+ Gj~f`r amj~jar`~eqreaq

::=+ Qukam~ckeqjreck |pnoeqmekd ~edmrq j~` |p~amjq`b ek c~b`~ rc qukam~ckeq` j gpqeajo

tc~f term j yeqpjo egjd` ic~ ekac~|c~jreck ek jpbec'yeqpjo tc~fq qpam jq j ieog/ RY

|~cd~jgg` c~ jby`~req`g`kr+ Iekjo apqrcg`~q rm`~ìc~` ekaopb` RY jkb ieog |~cbpareck

acg|jke`q/ jby`~reqekd jd`kae`q jkb acg|pr`~ djg` b`yòc|`~q+ Oea`ka`q j~` pqpjoou

acgg`~aejoex`b be~àrou nu gpqea |pnoeqm`~q+25

::5+ Rm` \j~re`q qpnger rmjr er eq beiieapor rc b`r`~gek` gj~f`r qmj~`q ic~ qukam~ckeqjreck

~edmrq dey`k rmjr rm`~` eq kc ~òejno` bjrj ck rm` rcrjo gj~f`r qex`/ ~`y`kp` q|oerq ci gcqr

gpqea |pnoeqm`~q eq kcr jyjeojno` jkb j qgjoo kpgn`~ ci oea`ka`q |`~ u`j~ ajk gjr`~ejoou

jor`~ j |j~reapoj~ acg|jku$q ~`y`kp` qmj~`+ Jr @@J'o`yò/ rm` \j~re`q `qregjr` rcrjo

~`y`kp`q rc n` j~cpkb @P^ V:


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|j~reapoj~ou beiieapor rc `qregjr` qmj~`q ci ~`y`kp` term jku jaap~jau+0: Gc~`cy`~/ rm`

~`y`kp`q ic~ Qcku#JRY jkb @GE G\ ek gjku @p~c|`jk acpkr~e`q ekaopb` ~cujore`q ic~

qukam~ckeqjreck ~edmrq `}|ocer`b ck j a~cqq'nc~b`~/ |jk'@p~c|`jk -c~ `y`k docnjo njqeq/0>

tmeam gju cy`~qrjr` rm` \j~re`q$ ~òjrey` qr~`kdrm jr kjreckjo o`yò ek a`~rjek ekqrjka`q+

:>1+ Rm` \j~re`q qpnger rmjr oea`kq``q j~` èrm`~ t`bb`b rc j |j~reapoj~ qckd/ ek tmeam ajq`rm` r~jkqjareck teoo mjy` kc ìiàr -jq rm` qex` ci rm` ajrjocdp` bc`q kcr gjrr`~/ c~ mjy`

-jkb teoo ackrekp` rc mjy`/ i~cg j qp||ou |`~q|àrey`/ j teb` ~jkd` ci jor`~kjrey`q

aj|jno` ci g``rekd rmè~ k``bq+ Rm`q` jor`~kjrey`q tcpob ekaopb` j oj~d` kpgn`~ ci ~eyjo

gpqea |pnoeqmekd acg|jke`q/ rm` acggeqqeckekd ci k`t pkezp` gpqeajo tc~fq c~ gpqeajo

tc~fq rmjr j~` kc ockd`~ qpnhàr rc ac|u~edmr -qpam jq aojqqeajo gpqea+01 Ip~rm`~gc~`/ rm`

\j~re`q kcr` rmjr er eq eka~`jqekdou acggck ic~ jprmc~q rc ~`rjek j y`rc ~edmr cy`~ rm`

oea`kqekd ci qukam~ckeqjreck ~edmrq+

:>2+ Ck rm` b`gjkb'qeb`/ rm` \j~re`q qpnger rmjr apqrcg`~q teoo pqpjoou qòàr j qckd c~ j

qmc~r oeqr ci qckdq/ tmeam teoo b`r`~gek` tmeam |pnoeqm`~ rm` apqrcg`~ teoo j||~cjam+

Iekjo pq`~q ci rm` gpqeajo tc~f acggckou ~òu ck jk ekr`~g`bejr`/ qpam jq jk jby`~reqekdjd`kau c~ g`bej ackqporjkr/ rc eb`kreiu gpqeajo tc~fq ci |cr`krejo ekr`~`qr+ Ek rmeq q`kq`/

rm` oea`kqekd ci qukam~ckeqjreck ~edmrq eq j ~`|`jr npqek`qq term qc|meqreajr`b apqrcg`~q

-qpam jq ieog qrpbecq c~ ekr`~g`bej~e`q+ I``q j~` ru|eajoou k`dcrejr`b neojr`~joou n`rt``k

rm` gpqea |pnoeqm`~ jkb jprmc~ ck rm` ck` mjkb/ jkb rm` oea`kq`` jkb rmè~ ekr`~g`bej~u ck

rm` crm`~ mjkb+ Rmù rjf` rm` ic~g ci j ie}`b i`` jkb#c~ j |`~ pqjd` i``+

:>0+ Ek Pkey`~qjo#NGD/ rm` Acggeqqeck ackaopb`b rmjr qukam~ckeqjreck apqrcg`~q pqpjoou

qòàr j |j~reapoj~ qckd ~jrm`~ rmjk j |j~reapoj~ |pnoeqm`~+02 Dey`k rm`q` |p~amjqekd

|jrr`~kq/ apqrcg`~q pqpjoou mjy` qpiieae`kr jor`~kjrey`q rc oea`kq` rm` pq` ci rm` qckd rmù

b`qe~`+ Rm` Acggeqqeck ackqeb`~`b ip~rm`~ rmjr rm` medm ycojreoeru ek gj~f`r qmj~`q jr

kjreckjo o`yò ~`qporq i~cg rm` ~`y`kp`q jame`y`b term qukam~ckeqjreck ~edmrq qcob ic~ ji`t ieogq c~ jby`~req`g`kr q|crq+ B`|`kbekd ck rm` b`joq aocq`b ek j q|àeiea u`j~/ rm`

gj~f`r qmj~`q gju rm`~ìc~` amjkd` qedkeieajkrou+

:>9+ Rm` gj~f`r eky`qredjreck d`k`~joou ackie~g`b rm` gj~f`r amj~jar`~eqreaq b`qa~en`b ek

rm` Acggeqqeck$q Pkey`~qjo#NGD bàeqeck+ Apqrcg`~q ackie~g rmjr rm` amcea` ci gpqeajo

tc~fq b~ey`q rm` bàeqeck tmeam |pnoeqm`~ rc ackrjar jkb rmjr rmù ~òu ck ekr`~g`bejr`q ek

|j~reapoj~ term ~`q|àr rc jby`~reqekd+00 J oj~d` gjhc~eru ci apqrcg`~q ackie~g rmjr rm`~` eq

|~ea` acg|`rereck n`rt``k beii`~`kr |pnoeqm`~q+09 Rm` k`dcrejr`b |~ea` b`|`kbq ck j oj~d`

0: VW+

0> VW+

01 Mct`y`~/ rm` apqrcg`~ tcpob k``b j oea`ka` i~cg rm` ~àc~b`b gpqea acg|jku mcobekd ~edmrq cy`~ j

~àc~bekd `y`k ei rm` |pnoeqmekd ac|u~edmr mjq `}|e~`b pko`qq rm` apqrcg`~ ~`'~àc~bq rm` gpqeajo tc~f+

02 Acggeqqeck Bàeqeck ci >> Gju >


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kpgn`~ ci yj~ejno`q ekaopbekd rm` |c|poj~eru c~ ru|` ci rm` gpqeajo tc~f/ rm` ekr`kb`b

pq`/ rm` d`cd~j|mea qac|` jkb bp~jreck+04

:>4+ Ck` apqrcg`~ ~jeq`b rm` acka`~k rmjr rm` g`~d`~ tcpob ~`qpor ek medm`~ i``q ic~

qukam~ckeqjreck ~edmrq/ j gc~` ~`qr~earey` qac|` ic~ rm` pq` ci rm` qckd jkb i`t`~

c||c~rpkere`q rc mjy` c~edekjo gpqeajo tc~fq acggeqqeck`b jq crm`~ ~`|`~rce~`q ajkkcrqpnqrerpr` ic~ rm` gpqeajo tc~fq rmjr rmeq k`t `kreru tcpob ackr~co -qpam jq rm` N`jro`q

qckdq ackr~coo`b nu Qcku#JRY c~ rm` Gcrctk ajrjocdp` ackr~coo`b nu @GE G\+ Ek

jbbereck/ rm` apqrcg`~ |cekrq cpr rmjr bp` rc i~jareckjo ekr`~`qrq ek rm` |pnoeqmekd ~edmrq ic~

qckdq nèkd ~òjreyòu acggck/ rm`~` eq acooàrey` ctk`~qme|#ackr~co cy`~ gjku qckdq

o`jbekd rc medm`~ |~ea`q jq ru|eajoou `y`~u ctk`~#ackr~coo`~ b`gjkbq rc n` acg|`kqjr`b+

:>=+ Rm` Acggeqqeck cnq`~y`q rmjr tmeo` rm` gj~f`r qmj~` ci V>


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acggeqqeck`b nu |pnoeqm`~q ic~ qukam~ckeqjreck |p~|cq`q jkb ek tmeam rm` |pnoeqm`~ joqc

ctkq rm` ~àc~bekd ~edmrq+ Jaac~bekd rc rmeq aojeg/ rm` g`~d`b `kreru tcpob nàcg` j

qr~ckd o`jb`~ ek rm` qp||ou ci |~cbpareck gpqea/ tmeam er acpob pq` rc `}r~jar ijycp~jno`

r`~gq i~cg oea`kq``q c~ rc ic~àocq` erq acg|`rerc~q$ jaa`qq rc apqrcg`~q nu qr~efekd

`}aopqey` b`joq ic~ rmjr ru|` ci gpqea+

:1>+ Ie~qr/ rm` Acggeqqeck kcr`q rmjr rm` gj~f`r eky`qredjreck tjq ekackaopqey` jq rc

tm`rm`~ |~cbpareck gpqea qmcpob n` ackqeb`~`b jq j q`|j~jr` gj~f`r i~cg rm` teb`~

gj~f`r ic~ qukam~ckeqjreck ~edmrq ek tmeam crm`~ gpqeajo tc~fq j~` |cr`krejo qpnqrerpr`q+9#55/Je~rcp~q |oa y Acggeqqeck/ Ajq` R'292#+>


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1+ Gj~f`r qmj~`q jkb ackr~co qmj~`q

:94+ Rm` \j~re`q mjy` |~cyeb`b rm` icooctekd ~`y`kp` gj~f`r qmj~` `qregjr`q ic~ rm`

kjreckjo gj~f`rq ic~ rm` `}|ocerjreck ci ckoek` ~edmrq8

45 Rm` acoo`arey` ~edmrq gjkjd`g`kr `kreru ic~ rm` @GE G\ ajrjocdp`/ A@OJQ/ eq j hcekr y`krp~` ci D@GJ

-D`~gjku jkb \^Q -PF+ \J@ACO/ rm` acoo`arey` ~edmrq gjkjd`g`kr `kreru ic~ rm` Qcku#JRY ajrjocdp`/

eq jiieoejr`b rc D@GJ+


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19

Rjno` :8 Ckoek` ~edmrq ->


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Ea`ojkb ' ' ' ' ' '

Kc~tju V0':


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Ekjb`zpjau ci ~`y`kp` njq`b gj~f`r qmj~`q rc g`jqp~` gj~f`r |ct`~ rm`

Pkey`~qjo#NGD |~à`b`kr

:4>+ Ek Pkey`~qjo#NGD/ rm` Acggeqqeck ackqeb`~`b rmjr er eq rm` cy`~joo qex` jkb rm`

amj~jar`~eqreaq ci rm` ~`|`~rce~` tmeam j~` ci gjhc~ eg|c~rjka` ic~ rm` nj~djekekd |cqereck

ci rm` |pnoeqm`~+=0 Jq qpam/ ~`y`kp` njq`b gj~f`r qmj~`q jock` gedmr kcr ipoou ~ìoàr rm`

gj~f`r |cqereck ci rm` beii`~`kr |pnoeqm`~q qeka` rmù bc kcr jb`zpjròu rjf` ekrc jaacpkr

rmè~ |ct`~ ck rm` njqeq ci ac'|pnoeqmekd ~edmrq jkb ~àc~bekd ~edmrq+

:41+ Jq acka`~kq ac'|pnoeqmekd ~edmrq/ er eq acggck ic~ gjku beii`~`kr |pnoeqmekd

acg|jke`q rc ctk j i~jareck ci j ~edmr rc j |j~reapoj~ gpqeajo tc~f+ Rmeq qr`gq i~cg rm`

ijar rmjr j qckd gju mjy` n``k t~err`k nu q`y`~jo jprmc~q pkb`~ ackr~jar term beii`~`kr

gpqea |pnoeqm`~q o`jbekd rc q|oer ac|u~edmrq -ac'|pnoeqmekd+ @jam ac'jprmc~#|pnoeqm`~ teoo

rm`~ìc~` mjy` ckou j |j~rejo ac|u~edmr rc rmjr |j~reapoj~ qckd jkb tcpob k``b rc dey` erq

ackq`kr rc rm` oea`kqekd ci rm` qckd rc ckoek` gpqea |ojric~gq+ Jk ckoek` gpqea |ojric~g

rmjr ijeoq rc ~`jam j oea`kqekd jd~``g`kr term j |j~reapoj~ |pnoeqm`~ bc`q kcr ckou ocq`

jaa`qq rc rm` rero`q ic~ tmeam rm` |pnoeqm`~ mjq rm` ipoo |pnoeqmekd ~edmrq npr joqc ic~ rmcq`

ic~ tmeam ckou |j~rejo ~edmrq j~` ctk`b+

:42+ Ek Pkey`~qjo#NGD/ er tjq ackaopb`b rmjr rmeq eg|oe`q rmjr gpqea |pnoeqm`~q term

i~jareckjo ekr`~`qrq ek rm` qjg` gpqeajo tc~f `jam teòb j k`djrey` y`rc |ct`~ rctj~bq

rmjr tc~f+ Ek c~b`~ rc aj|rp~` rmeq q|àeiea gj~f`r qerpjreck/ j ip~rm`~ jkjouqeq tjq

pkb`~rjf`k nu acpkrekd `jam q|oer ~edmr ek j gpqeajo tc~f jq j ipoo ~edmr+ Rm`q` qc'ajoo`b

ackr~co qmj~`q t`~` ckou ajoapojr`b ic~ Jkdoc'Jg`~eajk rero`q/ tmeam t`~` rm` rero`q cy`~

tmeam/ jr rm` reg` ciPkey`~qjo#NGD/ gpqea |pnoeqm`~q tcpob djek |~eaekd ackr~co -q``

|j~jd~j|mq :04 ' :99 jncy`+ Dey`k rm` ijar rmjr gpqea |pnoeqm`~q ajk ac'ctk ~edmrq rc rm`

qjg` gpqeajo tc~fq/ ackr~co qmj~`q ajk jbb p| rc gc~` rmjk :


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rmjr bàeqeck rm` Acggeqqeck `}|ojek`b rmjr jormcpdm ckoek` |ojric~gq oea`kq` rm` tmco`

~`|`~rce~` ci j dey`k |pnoeqm`~ ~jrm`~ rmjk ekbeyebpjo rero`q/ jkb rmjr rm` oj~d`~ rm` qex` ci

rm` ~`|`~rce~`/ rm` gc~` eg|c~rjkr er nàcg`q ic~ rm` ckoek` |ojric~g/ amj~r merq t`~`

q|àeieajoou eg|c~rjkr rc rm`q` apqrcg`~q+ Jr rmjr reg`/ rm` Acggeqqeck$q gj~f`r

eky`qredjreck qmct`b rmjr ck jy`~jd`/ j||~c}egjròu 9 Gju >


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2+ Rm` \j~re`q mjy` |~cyeb`b bjrj jaac~bekd rc tmeam j~cpkb =


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yjop` ci rmjr ~`|`~rce~`+5: Ckoek` apqrcg`~q -c~ ekb``b jku ru|` ci apqrcg`~ ija`

beiieapore`q ek eb`kreiuekd rm` gpqeajo tc~fq rc tmeam j q|àeiea |pnoeqm`~ mcobq ~edmrq+

Rmeq eq `}ja`~njr`b nu rm` |~`yjo`ka` ci i~jareckjo ctk`~qme| ~edmrq+ Ckoek` apqrcg`~q

mjy` `}|ojek`b rmjr bp` rc rm` o`djo ~eqfq rmù ~pk tm`k a`~rjek gpqeajo tc~fq j~` kcr

ipoou oea`kq`b/ rmù k``b rc cnrjek oea`ka`q rmjr acy`~ jq gjku ctk`~qme| ekr`~`qrq ek

gpqeajo tc~fq jq |cqqeno`+5> Ek pkb`~rjfekd rm`q` k`dcrejreckq/ apqrcg`~q j~` jtj~` rmjr eirmù bc kcr jd~`` rc rm` ipoo r`~gq jkb ackbereckq ~`zp`qr`b nu rm` |pnoeqm`~q/ rmù ija`

beiieapore`q ek cii`~ekd ncrm rm` ~`|`~rce~` ek tmeam rm` |pnoeqm`~ mcobq j :2 jkb 2>+

5> Eneb`g+

51 Zp`qreckkje~` 2 rc Ckoek` Apqrcg`~q/ Zp`qreckq 2> jkb 0>+


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:5>+ Gc~`cy`~/ rm` Acggeqqeckq gj~f`r eky`qredjreck ~`y`jo`b rmjr ~cujoru ~jr`q ic~

qr~`jgekd |ojric~gq r`kb rc n` medm`~ rmjk rmcq` j||oe`b ic~ bctkocjb |ojric~gq jkb rm`

rj~eiiq rmjr acooàrekd qcae`re`q mjy` |pnoeqm`b ic~ qr~`jgekd |ojric~gq+ ^cujoru ~jr`q jkb

gekegj |`~ qr~`jgq joqc yj~u jaac~bekd rc rm` qex` ci rm` gpqea |pnoeqm`~ acka`~k`b+

VAcg|j~eqck ci Qcku#JRY jkb @GE G\ oea`kqekd r`~gq jkb ackbereckqW

:51+ Ek jku `y`kr/ joo ckoek` apqrcg`~q |cekr rc rm` eg|c~rjka` ci crm`~ r`~gq/ gcqr kcrjnou

rm` o`yò ci gekegpg c~ dpj~jkr``b |jug`krq jkb rm` qex` ci jbyjka`q rmù gjf` rc

|pnoeqm`~q ic~ pq` ci rmè~ ~`|`~rce~`+ Rm`q` r`~gq ajk yj~u tebòu ja~cqq gpqea

|pnoeqm`~q/ term gpqea |pnoeqm`~q term j oj~d`~ ~`|`~rce~` cir`k `}r~jarekd gc~` ijycp~jno`

r`~gq rmjk |pnoeqm`~q term j qgjoo`~ ~`|`~rce~`+

:52+ Ek ackaopqeck/ rm` Acggeqqeck eq ci rm` ye`t rmjr ic~ rm` ~`jqckq q`r cpr jncy`/ ackr~co

qmj~`q/ tmeam rjf` jaacpkr ci ac'|pnoeqmekd ~edmrq ck jk `zpjo njq` rc ipoo |pnoeqmekd

~edmrq/ ~`gjek j yjoeb |~c}u ic~ jqq`qqekd rm` gj~f`r |ct`~ ci j gpqea |pnoeqm`~+

:50+ Jq ~`dj~bq g`rmcbcocdu/ rm` gj~f`r eky`qredjreck mjq ackie~g`b rm` eg|c~rjka` ciamj~r merq ic~ rm` npqek`qq`q ci ckoek` apqrcg`~q+ Ei ckoek` |ojric~gq j~` pkjno` rc cii`~

gpqea tmeam j||`j~q ek rm` amj~rq/ rmè~ npqek`qq qpii`~q qeka` ackqpg`~q teoo gcy` rc

rmcq` |ojric~gq tmeam j~` jno` rc cii`~ rm` ipoo`qr |cqqeno` ~`|`~rce~` -ekaopbekd ncrm amj~r

merq jkb njaf ajrjocdp`+ Rmjr nèkd qjeb/ rm` gj~f`r eky`qredjreck joqc qmct`b rmjr rm`

~ò`yjka` ci rm` jkkpjo rc| :


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Ackr~co qmj~`q njq`b ck jdd~`djr`b t``fou amj~rq ->


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Ax`am ^`|pnoea/Mpkdj~u/ \cojkb

jkb Qocyjfej

Qcp~a`8 Jdd~`djr`b T``fou Amj~r bjrj jkb Qcku#JRY$ jkb @GE G\ bjrj

:5=+ Rm` ckou acpkr~e`q ek tmeam rm` \j~re`q$ ackr~co qmj~` tcpob `}a``b 0


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ctk`~q jkb kcr ckou rmjr ci Qcku Ac~|c~jreck+59 Iekjoou/ @GE G\ tcpob n` hcekrou

ackr~coo`b nu Qcku Ac~|c~jreck jkb Gpnjbjoj term rm` Geamj`o Hjafqck @qrjr` joqc

mcobekd jk `zperu ekr`~`qr+

>


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tm`k |pnoeqmekd ~edmrq jkb ~àc~bekd ~edmrq ci rm` g`~dekd |j~re`q bc kcr cy`~oj| ck rm`

qjg` qckdq -jkb rm`~ìc~` eka~`jq` rm` kpgn`~ ci qckdq cy`~ tmeam rm`~` eq ackr~co -èrm`~

ek rm` ic~g ci ~àc~bekd c~ ek rm` ic~g ci |pnoeqmekd ~edmrq/ jkb tm`~` rm` acg|jku eq

ipoou ekr`d~jr`b+ Ek rmeq ~`dj~b/ er qmcpob n` kcr`b rmjr rm` Acggeqqeck mjq |jeb |j~reapoj~

jrr`kreck rc rm` q|àeiea ac~|c~jr` qr~parp~` ci Qcku#JRY jkb @GE G\ |cqr'r~jkqjareck

jkb rm` Acggeqqeck$q ackaopqeckq j~` q|àeiea rc rmeq ajq`+ Ek qmc~r/ rm` jneoeru jkbeka`krey`q ci j acg|jku tmeam eq pkb`~ acggck ctk`~qme| rc o`y`~jd` erq gj~f`r |ct`~

ja~cqq rm` rtc npqek`qq`q gju n` beii`~`kr rc rmjr ci Qcku#JRY jkb Qcku Gpqea+

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|~c|c~reck ci jku eka~`jq`+ Ek qmc~r/ rm` ìic~rq k``b`b rc `kdjd` ek qpam j qr~jr`du tcpob

ueòb oeger`b ~`tj~bq+

>::+ Ek ackaopqeck rm`~ìc~`/ rm` Acggeqqeck eq ci rm` ye`t rmjr er eq pkoefòu rmjr rm`

\j~re`q/ dey`k rm` q|àeiea ac~|c~jr` qr~parp~` jkb rm` ap~~`kr beqr~enpreck ci ~`y`kp`q

n`rt``k rm` ~àc~bekd jkb rm` |pnoeqmekd gj~f`rq/ tcpob mjy` rm` jneoeru jkb eka`krey` rc`kdjd` ek hcekr k`dcrejreckq qr~jr`de`q rc rm` b`r~eg`kr ci acg|`rereck+ Ic~ rm` |p~|cq`q ci

rmeq ajq` rm`~ìc~`/ ek oek` term erq j||~cjam jbc|r`b ek ~òjreck rc Qcku ek Pkey`~qjo#NGD

jkb Qcku#NGD E ajq`q/ rm` Acggeqqeck mjq kcr rjf`k jaacpkr ci jku ackr~co qmj~`q

b`~ey`b i~cg Qcku Gpqea$q ~àc~b`b gpqea ~edmrq tm`k `qregjrekd rm` gj~f`r |cqereck ci

rm` \j~re`q ck rm` gj~f`rq ic~ rm` `}|ocerjreck ci ckoek` ~edmrq+

0+1+ Kck'acc~bekjr`b iiàrq

Rm` \j~re`q j~dpg`krq

>:>+ Rm` \j~re`q aojeg rmjr `y`k ck rm` njqeq ci j acg|`rerey` jkjouqeq rmjr rjf`q jaacpkr cincrm gj~f`r qmj~`q jkb ackr~co qmj~`q ajoapojr`b ek jaac~bjka` term qàreck 0+>/ rm`

|~c|cq`b acka`kr~jreck tcpob kcr dey` ~eq` rc q`~ecpq bcpnrq ek ~òjreck rc jku gj~f`r ic~

rm` `}|ocerjreck ci ckoek` ~edmrq+

>:1+ Rm` \j~re`q qpnger rmjr cka` j gpqea |pnoeqmekd ~`|`~rce~` mjq `}a``b`b j a~ereajo gjqq

ek r`~gq ci ackr~co qmj~`q/ rm`~` tcpob n` kc ~`jqck ic~ jqqpgekd rmjr ip~rm`~ djekq ek

ackr~co qmj~`q tcpob ~`qpor ek j gjr`~ejo eka~`jq` ek gj~f`r |ct`~+ Rmù ~ì`~ rc jk

`}jg|o` ek tmeam rm` gekegpg yejno` qajo` ci jk ckoek` |ojric~g eq =:% c~ 9:% tcpob mjy` rm` `}jar qjg` nocafekd|ct`~ jq rm` |pnoeqm`~ term rm` 9:2+ Rm` \j~re`q j~dp` rmjr ek jku `y`kr/ rm` |~c|cq`b acka`kr~jreck tcpob kcr dey` ~eq` rc

q`~ecpq bcpnrq jq rm` g`~d`b `kreru tcpob n` |~àopb`b i~cg ~jeqekd ~jr`q c~ crm`~teq`

tc~q`kekd oea`kqekd r`~gq bp` rc j kpgn`~ ci eg|c~rjkr acg|`rerey` ackqr~jekrq er tcpob

ackrekp` rc ija` |cqr'g`~d`~+

>:0+ Ie~qr/ rm` \j~re`q j~dp` rmjr dey`k rm` eg|jar ci |e~jau/ gpqea |pnoeqm`~q jotjuq mjy`

rm` eka`krey` rc oea`ka` jq gjku bederjo |ojric~gq jq |cqqeno` jkb ek rm` `jqe`qr jkb gcqr

io`}eno` gjkk`~+ Ek rmè~ ye`t/ gpqea |pnoeqm`~q tcpob mjy` rmeq eka`krey` jq rm` gc~`

~`jbeou jprmc~eq`b gpqea eq gjb` jyjeojno` rm~cpdm ckoek` |ojric~gq/ rm` o`qq oefòu

ackqpg`~q j~` rc rp~k rc kck'jprmc~eq`b/ |e~jr`b gjr`~ejoq+ Rm` \j~re`q medmoedmr rm`

eg|jar rmjr rm` ojpkam ci gpqea qr~`jgekd q`~yea`q qpam jq Q|creiu mjq mjb ek jrr~jarekd

ackqpg`~q rc o`djo gpqea jkb ~`bpaekd |e~jau o`yòq+ VW

>:9+ Qàckb/ ~cujoru ~jr`q jkb gekegpg ~jr`q rmjr gpqea |pnoeqm`~q d~jkr rc ckoek`

|ojric~gq tcpob ~`gjek ackqr~jek`b nu rm` ~`dpojrc~u rj~eiiq rmjr acooàrekd qcae`re`q q`r

ic~ rm` oea`kqekd ci |pnoeqmekd ~edmrq rc ckoek` |ojric~gq+


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>:4+ Rme~b/ rm` \j~re`q pkb`~oek` rm` aocq` oekfq rmjr `}eqr n`rt``k cnrjekekd ~`y`kp`q ic~

rm` oea`kqekd ci gpqea |pnoeqmekd ~edmrq jkb rmè~ jneoeru rc ~`rjek jprmc~ rjo`kr c~ jrr~jar

k`t jprmc~ rjo`kr+ Rmù aojeg rmjr rm` jneoeru rc ~`rjek `}eqrekd jprmc~q jkb acg|`r` ic~

k`t jprmc~ rjo`kr ek rm` p|qr~`jg gj~f`r ic~ |pnoeqmekd q`~yea`q rc jprmc~q tcpob b`|`kb

ck rm` |pnoeqm`~$q jneoeru rc bòey`~ ~j|eb |ju'cpr ci ~cujore`q jkb oea`kq` ~`|`~rce~` ck rm`

bctkqr~`jg gj~f`rq ic~ rm` `}|ocerjreck ci gpqea |pnoeqmekd ~edmrq/ ekaopbekd ckoek`~edmrq+ Ek rmeq oek` ci j~dpg`kr/ jku ijeop~` rc oea`kq` ckoek` |ojric~gq tcpob jby`~qòu

eg|jar rm` g`~d`b `kreru$q jneoeru rc jrr~jar rjo`kr`b jprmc~q+ Rm` \j~re`q medmoedmr rmjr

~cujoru ~jr`q ~`|~`q`kr ::5+ Iekjoou/ rm` \j~re`q ~ì`~ rc rm` acg|`rerey` ackqr~jekrq rmjr rm` g`~d`b `kreru tcpob

ija` i~cg erq gpqea |pnoeqmekd acg|`rerc~q+ Rmeq tcpob ekaopb` rm` crm`~ gjhc~q Pkey`~qjo

jkb Tj~k`~#Amj||òo+ Rm` \j~re`q |cekr cpr rmjr rm`q` acg|`rerc~q mjy` jbc|r`b qegeoj~

j~~jkd`g`krq ic~ rm` oea`kqekd ci rmè~ Jkdoc'Jg`~eajk ~`|`~rce~` jkb rm`~ìc~` teòb rm`

qjg` ackr~co cy`~ ckoek` ~edmrq jq rm` \j~re`q+ Pkey`~qjo mjq j||cekr`b rm` I~`kam

acooàrekd qcae`ru QJA@G ic~ rm` oea`kqekd ci erq Jkdoc'Jg`~eajk ~`|`~rce~`+

Tj~k`~#Amj||òo mjq j||cekr`b j ~jkd` ci acooàrekd qcae`re`q rmjr ajk oea`kq` erq ckoek`

~edmrq ck j ajq`'nu'ajq` njqeq+ Rm` \j~re`q joqc ~ì`~ rc acg|`rerc~q qpam jq NGD êdmrq

Gjkjd`g`kr/ tmeam ojpkam`b ek >


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Rm` ~`qporq ci rm` gj~f`r eky`qredjreck

>>:+ Rm` gj~f`r eky`qredjreck ackie~gq rmjr ek rm` k`dcrejreck ci rm`q` oea`ka`q/ rm` qex` jkb

amj~jar`~eqreaq ci rm` ~`|`~rce~` j~` ci gjhc~ eg|c~rjka` ic~ rm` nj~djekekd |cqereck ci rm`gpqea |pnoeqm`~ yeq''yeq rm` ckoek` apqrcg`~q+

>>>+ Ckoek` apqrcg`~q `}|ojek rmjr dey`k rmjr rmù j~` pkjtj~` jq rc rm` `}jar ~edmrq

ackrjek`b ek `jam ajrjocdp`:>1+ Rm` gj~f`r eky`qredjreck ackie~gq rmjr ek rmè~ b`joekdq term ckoek` |ojric~gq/ oj~d`

gpqea |pnoeqm`~q j~` jno` rc eg|cq` medm`~ ~cujoru ~jr`q jkb gekegj jkb crm`~ oea`kqekd

r`~gq rmjr j~` ijycp~jno` rc rm` gpqea |pnoeqm`~q/ npr pkijycp~jno` rc rmè~ apqrcg`~q+

>>2+ J kpgn`~ ci bctkocjb |ojric~gq ekbeajr` rmjr rmù j~` acki~ckr`b term jrr`g|rq nu

gpqea |pnoeqm`~q rc qedkeieajkrou eka~`jq` rm` ~jr`q ic~ Jkdoc'Jg`~eajk ~`|`~rce~` jq

c||cq`b rc Ackrek`krjo @p~c|`jk ~`|`~rce~`+:+

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00+ VAcg|j~eqck ci Qcku#JRY jkb @GE G\ oea`kqekd r`~gq jkb ackbereckqW

>>9+ Ckoek` apqrcg`~q/ ek |j~reapoj~ qr~`jgekd |ojric~gq/ joqc medmoedmr rm` eg|c~rjka` ci

jbyjka` |jug`krq/ ck jaacpkr |jug`krq c~ crm`~ opg| qpg |jug`krq rmjr rmù gjf` rc

gpqea |pnoeqm`~q+:>4+ Ye~rpjoou joo apqrcg`~q/ bctkocjb jkb qr~`jgekd |ojric~gq/ `}|àr rmjr bp` rc rm`

eka~`jq`b qex` jkb yjop` ci rm` \j~re`q$ ~`|`~rce~` jir`~ rm` g`~d`~/ rmù tcpob n` jno` rc

`}r~jar medm`~ ~jr`q/ gekegj jkb crm`~ ru|` ci |jug`krq+::: Qr~`jgekd |ojric~gq ek

|j~reapoj~ medmoedmr rm` beiieapore`q rmù tcpob ija` ek `}|jkbekd rmè~ c|`~jreckq ja~cqqrm` @@J ei rmù mjy` rc gjf` medm`~ opg| qpg |jug`krq rc rm` g`~d`b `kreru+::> Kck` ci

rm` apqrcg`~q -bctkocjb jkb qr~`jgekd |ojric~gq nòe`y` rmjr rmù j~` jno` rc

acpkr`kjka` jku ~jr` eka~`jq` c~ tc~q`kekd ci crm`~ oea`kqekd r`~gq nu rm` g`~d`b

`kreru+::1

>>=+ Jormcpdm rmù bc kcr mjy` ipoo fkcto`bd` ci rm` oea`kqekd r`~gq rmjr rm` g`~dekd

\j~re`q cii`~ rc ckoek` |ojric~gq/ acg|`rerc~q d`k`~joou `}|àr rmjr rmjr oj~d`~ gpqea

|pnoeqm`~q/ qpam jq @GE G\/ j~` jo~`jbu jno` rc `}r~jar n`rr`~ oea`kqekd r`~gq jkb

ackbereckq+::2 Rmù ackie~g rmjr rm`q` r`~gq jkb ackbereckq j||ou ja~cqq rm` `kre~`

~`|`~rce~` ci gpqea |pnoeqm`~q/ ekaopbekd rm` i~jareckjo ekr`~`qrq rmù mcob ek qckdq rmjr j~`

ac'ctk`b term crm`~ |pnoeqm`~q+ Acg|`rerc~q `}|àr rmjr term rm` acgnek`b ~`|`~rce~` ci

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Qcku#JRY/ rm` g`~d`b `kreru n` jno` rc amj~d` medm`~ ~cujoru ~jr`q/ medm`~ gekegpg

~jr`q/ medm`~ jbyjka`q jkb#c~ medm`~ gekegpg dpj~jkr`` |jug`krq+::0 Eg|c~rjkr

acg|`rerc~q joqc qrjr` rmjr rm` g`~d`b `kreru tcpob n` jno` rc `}`~r gc~` ekiop`ka` ck rm`

npqek`qq gcbòq ci ckoek` |ojric~gq/ ìiàreyòu |~`'q`rrekd rm` oea`kqekd jkb pqjd` r`~gq

ic~ rm` qgjoo`~ acg|`rerc~q+::9 Acg|`rerc~q |cekr cpr/ ek |j~reapoj~/ rmjr term rm` g`~d`b

`kreru `}r~jarekd qpam ijycp~jno` oea`kqekd r`~gq/ er tcpob nàcg` gc~` beiieapor ic~qgjoo`~ acg|`rerc~q rc cnrjek r`~gq jkb ackbereckq rmjr tcpob jooct rm`g rc acg|`r`

ìiàreyòu term rm` \j~re`q+::4 B`r`~ec~jr`b acg|`rerey` ackbereckq ic~ ~eyjo |pnoeqm`~q ek

r`~gq ci ckoek` oea`kqekd acpob t`jf`k rmè~ jneoeru rc jrr~jar k`t qckdt~er`~q p|qr~`jg/

tmeam tcpob ek rp~k ip~rm`~ qr~`kdrm`k rmjr `kreru$q |cqereck ck rm` bctkqr~`jg gj~f`r ic~

ckoek` ~edmrq+ Acg|`rerc~q j~dp` rmjr rmeq bjg|`k`b acg|`rereck tcpob poregjròu ~`qpor

ek medm`~ |~ea`q ic~ ackqpg`~q jkb ek o`qq ackqpg`~ amcea`+::=

Rm` Acggeqqeckq jqq`qqg`kr

'I~jg`tc~f ci jkjouqeq

>>5+ Ek jqq`qqekd rm` acg|`rerey` ìiàrq ci j |~c|cq`b acka`kr~jreck/ rm` Acggeqqeck

acg|j~`q rm` acg|`rerey` ackbereckq rmjr tcpob ~`qpor i~cg rm` kcreie`b g`~d`~ term rm`

ackbereckq rmjr tcpob mjy` |~`yjeo`b termcpr rm` g`~d`~+::5 Rm` acg|`rerey` ackbereckq

`}eqrekd jr rm` reg` ci rm` g`~d`~ pqpjoou ackqrerpr` rm` ~ò`yjkr acg|j~eqck ic~ `yjopjrekd

rm` ìiàrq ci j g`~d`~+:>1: jkb :>0+

::9 Eneb`g+

::4 Eneb`g+

::= Eneb`g+

::5 Mc~exckrjo G`~d`~ Dpebòek`q/ |j~jd~j|m 5+

:>< Eneb`g+

:>:

Icooctekd rm` g`rmcbcocdu q`r cpr ek |j~jd~j|m :4< jncy`+


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Pkey`~qjo jkb NGD `}a``b`b 010+ Rm` Pker`b Fekdbcg jkb E~òjkb ~`|~`q`kr eg|c~rjkr gj~f`rq ic~ ckoek` ~edmrq ek rm`

@@J+ Njq`b ck rm` \j~re`q$ ctk `qregjr`q/ rm`q` rtc gj~f`rq jaacpkr ic~ k`j~ou VW ci

Qcku#JRY$q jkb cy`~ VW ci @GE G\$q rcrjo @@J'teb` ckoek` ~`y`kp`q cy`~ rm` |jqr

rm~`` u`j~q+ Rmeq ijar ajk n` rjf`k jq jk j||~c}egjreck ic~ rm` eg|c~rjka` ci rm`q`

gj~f`rq ic~ rm` q`~yea` cii`~ekdq ic~ ckoek` |ojric~gq/ ekaopbekd rmcq` rmjr j~` jarey`

ja~cqq rm` @@J jkb cnrjek @@J'teb` oea`ka`q+ Er joqc ekbeajr`q rm` eg|c~rjka` ci rm`q`

gj~f`rq ic~ acg|`rerc~q rc rm` g`~dekd \j~re`q+ Er eq ek rmcq` rtc gj~f`rq tm`~` rm`

g`~d`b `kreru$q ackr~co qmj~`q tcpob `}a``b 019+ Jq `}|ojek`b ek |j~jd~j|mq >>: rc >>= jncy`/ rm` gj~f`r eky`qredjreck ackie~gq rmjr

rm` |`~aèy`b qex` jkb yjop` ci j gpqea |pnoeqm`~q ~`|`~rce~` mjq j gjr`~ejo eg|jar ck rm`

oea`kqekd r`~gq jkb ackbereckq rmjr ckoek` apqrcg`~q cnrjek+ Rm`q` r`~gq ekaopb` ~cujoru

~jr`q/ gekegpg ~`y`kp` jgcpkrq |`~ bctkocjb#qr~`jg jkb rm` o`yò ci jbyjka`q/ ck'

jaacpkr |jug`krq jkb crm`~ opg| qpg |jug`krq gjb` nu ckoek` apqrcg`~q+

>14+ Ackr~j~u rc rm` \j~re`q$ aojegq rmjr rm`~` eq kc gjr`~ejo beii`~`ka` n`rt``k rmè~ |~`'

g`~d`~ |cqereckq ck rm` njqeq ci ackr~co qmj~`q/ rm` gj~f`r eky`qredjreck ackie~gq rmjr rm`

gj~f`r |cqereck ci @GE G\ eq jo~`jbu gj~f`bou beii`~`kr i~cg rmjr ci Qcku#JRY+ Ek rm`

PF/ rm` ~`|`~rce~` ci @GE G\ eq j||~c}egjròu rtea` rm` qex` ci rmjr ci Qcku#JRY jkb@GE G\$q ackr~co qmj~`q j~` joqc medm`~ -V1 Zp`qreckkje~` 2 rc Ckoek` Apqrcg`~q/ Zp`qreckq 01/ 02/ 0= jkb 05+ Zp`qreckkje~` : rc Acg|`rerc~q/

Zp`qreckq :>< jkb :>0+


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apqrcg`~q j~` nj~djekekd/ rm` oj~d`~ rm` ~`|`~rce~` mòb nu j gpqea |pnoeqm`~/ rm` oj~d`~ eq

rm` rm~`jr eg|cq`b nu rm` gpqea |pnoeqm`~ ck rm` gpqea |c~ricoec ci jk ckoek` apqrcg`~

jkb ackq`zp`krou rm` oj~d`~ eq erq nj~djekekd |ct`~+ @y`krpjoou rmeq teoo o`jb rc n`rr`~

oea`kqekd r`~gq jkb ackbereckq ic~ rm` oj~d`~ |pnoeqmekd acg|jku+ Rm` Acggeqqeck

rm`~ìc~` iekbq rmjr ek oedmr ci erq |cqr'g`~d`~ ackr~co qmj~`q ek rm` PF jkb E~òjkb/ rm`

g`~d`b `kreru tcpob n` jno` rc eg|cq` gc~` ck`~cpq oea`kaekd r`~gq ck ckoek` |ojric~gqekaopbekd ek rm` ic~g ci medm`~ ~cujoru ~jr`q/ medm`~ gekegj |`~ bctkocjb#qr~`jgq jkb

medm`~ jbyjka`q c~ crm`~ opg| qpg |jug`krq rmjk Qcku#JRY jkb @GE G\ j~` `}r~jarekd

ekb`|`kb`krou+ Tm`~` ek rm` ~`gjekb`~ ci rmeq qàreck/ rm` Acggeqqeck ~ì`~q rc rm`

jneoeru jkb rm` eka`krey` ci rm` g`~d`b `kreru rc `}`~r gj~f`r |ct`~/ rmeq kcreck eq

ekr`kb`b rc aj|rp~` joo ci rm`q` oefòu ìiàrq+

>1=+ Rm` Acggeqqeck bc`q kcr ackqeb`~ er a~`beno` rmjr rm` \j~re`q$ |cqr'g`~d`~ jneoeru rc

`}`~r gj~f`r |ct`~ ek ~òjreck rc rm` PF jkb E~òjkb tcpob n` qpiieae`krou ackqr~jek`b nu

rm` `}eqr`ka` ci ckoek` |e~jau+ Jq j |~òegekj~u cnq`~yjreck/ rm` Acggeqqeck kcr`q rmjr

rm` \j~re`q joqc ~àcdkeq` rmjr ekerejrey`q mjy` n``k ojpkam`b rc ap~n ckoek` |e~jau ja~cqq

rm` @@J/ ekaopbekd ek rm` PF jkb E~òjkb+ Rmeq ekaopb`q rm` |jqqekd ci jkre'|e~jauo`deqojreck ek qcg` @@J acpkr~e`q/ ekaopbekd rm` PF tm`~` jkre'|e~jau o`deqojreck eq

ekr`kb`b rc n` eg|o`g`kr`b termek rm` k`}r u`j~+ Er joqc ekaopb`q rm` ekr~cbpareck ci

B^G'i~`` gpqea rm~cpdm bctkocjb |ojric~gq/ tmeam acy`~q rm` `kre~`ru ci rm` @@J jkb

m`ka` joqc acy`~q rm` PF jkb E~òjkb+ Ek jku `y`kr/ ek c~b`~ rc jaa`|r rm` j~dpg`kr rmjr

ckoek` |e~jau |~àopb`q rm` g`~d`b `kreru i~cg `}`~rekd |ct`~ ek ~òjreck rc rm`q` rtc

acpkr~e`q/ er tcpob ie~qr mjy` rc n` jqqpg`b rmjr joo ckoek` |ojric~gq |jqq eka~`jq`q ek

~cujoru ~jr`q/ gekegj jkb#c~ jbyjka`q ck rc rmè~ pq`~q ek rm` ic~g ci medm`~ |~ea`q ic~

gpqea bctkocjbq c~ medm`~ qpnqa~e|reck i``q+ Qàckb/ er tcpob mjy` rc n` jqqpg`b rmjr

`y`k j qgjoo eka~`jq` ek rm` ~`rjeo |~ea` ic~ gpqea tcpob ~`qpor ek qpam j ijoo'cpr ci

ackqpg`~ b`gjkb rmjr rm` g`~d`b `kreru tcpob nu kà`qqeru jyceb mj~gekd ckoek`

|ojric~gq nu j||ouekd medm`~ ~jr`q c~ |jug`krq c~ crm`~ gc~` ck`~cpq oea`kqekd r`~gq+

>15+ Rm` `yeb`ka` oeqr`b ek |j~jd~j|mq >>: rc >>4 ck rm` oea`kqekd r`~gq rmjr gpqea

|pnoeqm`~q ap~~`krou cnrjek bc`q kcr qp||c~r rm`q` jqqpg|reckq+ Rmeq `yeb`ka` qmctq rmjr

~cujoru ~jr`q jkb crm`~ oea`kqekd r`~gq yj~u n`rt``k rm` beii`~`kr gpqea |pnoeqm`~q/ term

oj~d` |pnoeqm`~q cir`k `}r~jarekd medm`~ ~jr`q jkb n`rr`~ oea`kqekd r`~gq rmjk rmè~ qgjoo`~

acg|`rerc~q+ Rmeq ekbeajr`q rmjr rm` eg|jar ci |e~jau ck ackqpg`~ b`gjkb ic~ ckoek`

gpqea eq kcr qpam rmjr er acpkr`kjka`q rm` o`y`~jd` rmjr oj~d` gpqea |pnoeqm`~q mjy` rc

`}r~jar qpam ijycp~jno` oea`kqekd r`~gq+ Jq ~cujore`q ic~ |pnoeqmekd ~edmrq ~`|~`q`kr j

qgjoo |c~reck ci rm` ~`rjeo |~ea` -j||~c}egjròu V:2


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jbyjka`q rmjr |pnoeqm`~q j~` ~`zp`qrekd+:>1 Er joqc ~`y`jo`b rmjr apqrcg`~q gju mjy` rc

jd~`` rc pqjd` ~`qr~eareckq ic~ rm` pq`~q ci rm`q` |ojric~gq/ ic~ ekqrjka` ek rm` ic~g ci rm`

oegerjreck ek rm` kpgn`~ ci qr~`jgq rmjr j~` i~`òu jyjeojno`+:>2 Qpam ~`q|ckq`q nu ckoek`

|ojric~gq rc eka~`jq`q ek ~cujoru ~jr`q/ gekegj c~ jbyjka`q c~ crm`~ gc~` ck`~cpq

oea`kqekd r`~gq j~` pkoefòu rc mjy` j gjr`~ejo eg|jar ck `kb ackqpg`~ b`gjkb qc jq rc

rjf` jtju rm` qac|` ic~ rm` g`~d`b `kreru rc mj~g ckoek` |ojric~gq nu eg|cqekd qpamr`~gq+ Er tcpob mct`y`~ mjy` j b`r~eg`krjo ìiàr ck `kb ackqpg`~q jq er ~`bpa`q rmè~

amcea` ek r`~gq ci mjyekd jaa`qq rc j teb` ~jkd` ci ekkcyjrey`/ acg|~`m`kqey` jkb am`j|

ckoek` gpqea q`~yea`q+ Rm` eg|jar ck `kb ackqpg`~q tcpob k``b rc n` jqq`qq`b jdjekqr j

|~cq|àrey` beg`kqeck+ Ei `kb ackqpg`~ amcea` ic~ ekkcyjrey`/ acg|~`m`kqey` jkb am`j|

ckoek` gpqea q`~yea`q t`~` rc n` ~`bpa`b/ rmeq ek rp~k tcpob oeger rm` kpgn`~ jkb n~`jbrm

ci gpqea beqr~enpreck amjkkòq rmjr j~` jyjeojno` rc acg|`rekd gpqea |pnoeqm`~q+ Rmeq

poregjròu ~`bpa`q ackqpg`~ amcea` ic~ gpqea jkb aporp~jo bey`~qeru+ Jaac~bekd rc J~reao`

:94 -2 ci rm` RI@P/ rm` Pkeck qmjoo rjf` aporp~jo bey`~qeru jq|àrq ekrc jaacpkr ek erq

jareckq pkb`~ rm` crm`~ |~cyeqeckq ci rm` R~`jre`q/ ekaopbekd rm` @P acg|`rereck ~po`q+

>2:+ @y`k ei ck` t`~` rc jqqpg` rmjr rm`~` eq |`~iàr qpnqrerpreck n`rt``k o`djo gpqeaackr`kr jkb eoo`djo gpqea ackr`kr jkb rmjr jaac~bekdou `y`k j qgjoo |~ea` eka~`jq` ic~ o`djo

gpqea tcpob ~`qpor ek j gjr`~ejo ged~jreck ci ackqpg`~q rc eoo`djo ackr`kr/ j bàeqeck nu

rm` g`~d`b `kreru rc eka~`jq` ~cujoru ~jr`q c~ jbyjka`q c~ eg|cq` crm`~ ck`~cpq oea`kqekd

r`~gq tcpob qreoo oefòu ~`qpor ek jkreacg|`rerey` ìiàrq+ Ei j qgjoo |~ea` eka~`jq` ic~ rmè~

gpqea cii`~ekd tcpob ~`qpor ek j ijoo'cpr ci ackqpg`~ b`gjkb ic~ o`djo gpqea/ ckoek`

|ojric~gq j~` oefòu kcr rc amccq` rc |jqq rm` eka~`jq`b acqr ci qpam r`~gq ck rc rm` pq`~q

ci rmè~ ckoek` q`~yea`q/ c~ rc jor`~ rmè~ npqek`qq gcbòq rc n`rr`~ gck`req` rmè~ gpqea

ackr`kr+ Rmù tcpob rm`k jnqc~n rm` medm`~ ~jr`q/ jbyjka`q jkb crm`~ ck`~cpq oea`kqekd

r`~gq rmjr rm` g`~d`b `kreru tcpob `}r~jar jq jk eka~`jq`b acqr+ Rmeq tcpob oefòu |~cbpa`

jkreacg|`rerey` ìiàrq ci jkcrm`~ kjrp~`+

>2>+ Ei ckoek` |ojric~gq t`~` rc rjf` rm` eka~`jq`b acqr ic~ oea`kqekd ci ckoek` ~edmrq ek

~òjreck rc rm` PF jkb E~òjkb termcpr |jqqekd ck |~ea` eka~`jq`q c~ jor`~ekd rmè~ npqek`qq

gcbòq/ rmè~ |~cierjneoeru tcpob n` ~`bpa`b+ Rmeq tcpob n` oefòu rc mjg|`~ rmè~ jneoeru

rc `}|jkb rmè~ c|`~jreckq ek ~òjreck rc rm`q` rtc @@J acpkr~e`q+

>21+ Iekjoou/ ei ckoek` apqrcg`~q t`~` rc rjf` rm` eka~`jq`b acqr ic~ oea`kqekd ci ckoek`

~edmrq termcpr |jqqekd ck |~ea` eka~`jq`q c~ jor`~ekd rmè~ npqek`qq gcbòq/ rmù acpob joqc

q``f rc ~`bpa` rm` acqr ci rmè~ oea`ka`q i~cg acg|`rekd gpqea |pnoeqm`~q+ Ic~ ekqrjka`/

jku medm`~ ~jr` c~ jbyjka` `}r~jar`b nu rm` gpqea |pnoeqm`~ term rm` oj~d`~ ~`|`~rce~` eq

oefòu rc k`djreyòu eg|jar rm` o`yò ci jbyjka`q rmjr erq qgjoo`~ acg|`rerc~q ajk `}r~jar

i~cg rmcq` qjg` |ojric~gq+ Jq qrjr`b jncy`/ rm` PF jkb E~òjkb ~`|~`q`kr y`~u eg|c~rjkrgj~f`rq ic~ ckoek` ~edmrq/ joqc ic~ rm` acg|`rerc~q ci rm` g`~dekd \j~re`q+ Rm` oefòu ìiàr

ci rmeq eq rmjr er tcpob nàcg` gc~` beiieapor ic~ erq qgjoo`~ acg|`rerc~q rc ìiàreyòu

acg|`r` term er ek rm`q` fù gj~f`rq ek rm` @@J+ Ei rm` |~c|cq`b acka`kr~jreck t`~` rc

qedkeieajkrou mjkbeaj| c~ gj~dekjoeq` rm` g`~d`b `kreru$q acg|`rerc~q/ rmeq tcpob

poregjròu ~`qpor ek j ~`qr~eareck ci gpqea amcea` ic~ `kb ackqpg`~q jkb ci aporp~jo

bey`~qeru+ Jq qrjr`b ek |j~jd~j|m >2< jncy`/ jaac~bekd rc J~reao` :94 -2 ci rm` RI@P/ rm`

:>1 Zp`qreckkje~` 2 rc Ckoek` Apqrcg`~q/ Zp`qreckq >0'>5+

:>2 Zp`qreckkje~` 2 rc Ckoek` Apqrcg`~q/ Zp`qreckq >0'>5+


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Pkeck qmjoo rjf` aporp~jo bey`~qeru jq|àrq ekrc jaacpkr ek erq jareckq pkb`~ rm` crm`~

|~cyeqeckq ci rm` R~`jre`q/ ekaopbekd rm` @P acg|`rereck ~po`q+

>22+ Rm` Acggeqqeck kcr`q rmjr acg|`rereck acka`~kq ek ~òjreck rc rm` |cqqeno` kjreckjo

gj~f`rq ic~ rm` `}|ocerjreck ci ckoek` ~edmrq ek rm` PF jkb E~òjkb tcpob n` |~chàr`b jr

rm` @@J'teb` o`yò+ Bp` rc rmè~ qm``~ eg|c~rjka` ek r`~gq ci gj~f`rq qex`/ tmeam tcpobjaacpkr ic~ cy`~ 020+ Jq q`r cpr ek |j~jd~j|mq >>1 rc >>9/ rm` Acggeqqeck icpkb kc `yeb`ka` rmjr rm`

~`dpojr`b oea`kqekd rj~eiiq ci acooàrekd qcae`re`q ap~~`krou ackqr~jek rm` jneoeru ci gpqea

|pnoeqm`~q rmjr oea`kq` ckoek` ~edmrq ic~ Jkdoc Jg`~eajk ~`|`~rce~` cprqeb` ci rmjr quqr`g

rc ~`zp`qr medm`~ ~jr`q jkb jbyjka`q c~ crm`~ ck`~cpq r`~gq i~cg ckoek` |ojric~gq+

>29+ Rm` Acggeqqeck ackqeb`~q rmjr rmeq tcpob joqc j||ou ei rm` |~c|cq`b acka`kr~jreck

t`~` rc dc jm`jb+

'Acg|`rerc~q pkoefòu rc ackqr~jek rm` g`~d`b `kreru

>24+ Rm` Acggeqqeck ackqeb`~q er `zpjoou pkoefòu rmjr rm` ~`gjekekd acg|`rerc~q ci rm`

g`~d`b `kreru tcpob n` jno` rc ackqr~jek erq gj~f`r ackbpar+

>2=+ Kck` ci rm` apqrcg`~q mjy` `}|~`qq`b jk `}|àrjreck rmjr Pkey`~qjo c~ Tj~k`~ tcpob

ackqr~jek rm` ackbpar ci rm` g`~d`b `kreru+:>0 Acg|`rerc~ ~`q|ckq`q joqc |cekr ek rmjr

be~àreck+:>9 Rm` yjqr gjhc~eru ci rm` ~`gjekekd acg|`rerc~q mjy` u`r rc djek j gjr`~ejo

qajo` ck rm` gj~f`rq ic~ rm` `}|ocerjreck ci gpqea |pnoeqmekd ~edmrq/ ekaopbekd rm` gj~f`rq

ic~ rm` oea`kqekd ci ckoek` ~edmrq ek rm` PF jkb E~òjkb+ Jaac~bekd rc rm` \j~re`q$

`qregjr`q/ kck` ci rm` gj~f`r qmj~`q ci rm`q` `kr~jkrq ek rm`q` rtc acpkr~e`q `}a``b 0%+

Ck jk @@J'teb` o`yò/ rm` qmj~` ci `jam ci rm`q` `kr~jkrq ek cy`~joo ~`y`kp`q ic~ gpqea

|pnoeqmekd ~edmr eq qreooV0 Zp`qreckkje~` 2 rc Ckoek` Apqrcg`~q/ Zp`qreck 01+

:>9 Zp`qreckkje~` : rc Acg|`rerc~q/ Zp`qreck :>


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>25+ Rm` Acggeqqeck ackqeb`~q rmjr rm` |cqqeneoeru ic~ qcg` ekb`|`kb`kr gpqea |pnoeqm`~q

rc acooàreyòu oea`ka` rmè~ ckoek` ~edmrq yej EG\@O bc`q kcr gjr`~ejoou jor`~ rmeq

jqq`qqg`kr+ Rm` gj~f`r eky`qredjreck ackie~gq rmjr j oj~d` kpgn`~ ci ckoek` |ojric~gq bc

kcr cnrjek oea`ka`q i~cg EG\@O jkb ekqr`jb ackrekp` rc oea`ka` rm` ~`|`~rce~` ci

ekb`|`kb`kr gpqea |pnoeqm`~q yej kjreckjo acooàrekd qcae`re`q+ Ek Hjkpj~u >/ EG\@O

jkkcpka`b rmjr rm` ~`y`kp`q rmjr er mjq acooàr`b i~cg rm` oea`kqekd ci ckoek` ~edmrq ci erqg`gn`~q qeka` erq ojpkam ek >4 Mc~exckrjo G`~d`~ Dpebòek`q/ |j~jd~j|m 90+

:>= Mc~exckrjo G`~d`~ Dpebòek`q/ |j~jd~j|m 94

:>5 Eneb`g+

:1< Zp`qreckkje~` 2 rc Ckoek` Apqrcg`~q/ Zp`qreckq >0'>5 jkb 01+

:1: Zp`qreckkje~` 2 rc Ckoek` Apqrcg`~q/ Zp`qreckq >0'>5+


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~`|`~rce~` nu `kb pq`~q ci rmè~ |ojric~gq:1> eq acpkr`~'ekbeajrey` ci rm`g `}`~rekd

qedkeieajkr nj~djekekd |ct`~+

>01+ Joo ckoek` |ojric~gq ackie~g rmjr gpqea ~`gjekq j a~ereajo ek|pr ic~ rmè~ cy`~joo q`~yea`

cii`~ekdq jkb m`ka` beqjd~`` term rm` \j~re`q$ ye`t rmjr gpqea tcpob mjy` nàcg` jk

jkaeooj~u |j~r ci rmè~ npqek`qq rc qpam jk `}r`kr rmjr rmù tcpob n` jno` rc `}`~rqedkeieajkr nj~djekekd |ct`~ yeq''yeq |pnoeqm`~q+:11 Nu ackr~jqr/ joo ckoek` |ojric~gq

ackqeb`~ rmè~ nj~djekekd |cqereck |~ec~ rc rm` g`~d`~ rc n` gcb`~jr` rc t`jf+:12 Joo

ckoek` apqrcg`~q `}|àr rmè~ nj~djekekd |ct`~ rc bà~`jq` jq j ~`qpor ci rm` |~c|cq`b

acka`kr~jreck+:10 Rmù ackqeb`~ ek |j~reapoj~ rmjr rmù tcpob kcr n` jno` rc acpkr`kjka`

~jr` eka~`jq`q c~ tc~q`kekd ci oea`kqekd r`~gq jkb ackbereckq nu rm` g`~d`b `kreru+:19

>02+ Ek oedmr ci rmeq `yeb`ka`/ rm` Acggeqqeck iekbq rmjr kck` ci rm` ckoek` apqrcg`~q/

ekaopbekd rm` oj~d` apqrcg`~q oeqr`b nu rm` \j~re`q/ tcpob n` jno` rc `}`~r npu`~ |ct`~ rc

qpam jk `}r`kr rmjr rmù acpob |~`y`kr rm` jkreacg|`rerey` ìiàrq rmjr tcpob oefòu j~eq`

i~cg rm` |~c|cq`b acka`kr~jreck+

>00+ Ek jku `y`kr/ npu`~ |ct`~ gpqr kcr ckou `}eqr ic~ j qgjoo`~ d~cp| ci ckoek` |ojric~gq

rmjr acpob qmeòb rm`gqòy`q i~cg |~ea` eka~`jq`q c~ crm`~ tc~q`kekd ci oea`kqekd r`~gq+

Rm` Acggeqqeck ackqeb`~q rmjr er gpqr joqc `}eqr ic~ `g`~dekd |ojric~gq/ qpam jq

qr~`jgekd |ojric~gq+ Rm`q` |ojric~gq j~` djekekd r~jareck jq acg|j~`b rc bctkocjb

|ojric~gq jkb j~` eg|c~rjkr/ ekkcyjrey` q`~yea` |~cyeb`~q ic~ rm` iprp~`+ Rm` gj~f`r

eky`qredjreck ackie~gq rmjr jr rm` y`~u o`jqr rm`q` apqrcg`~q tcpob kcr n` jno` rc

acpkr`kjka` jku |~ea` eka~`jq`q c~ tc~q`kekd ci oea`kqekd r`~gq nu rm` g`~d`b `kreru+:14

'Kc oefòu jkb qpiieae`kr `kr~u

>09+

Ic~ `kr~u rc n` ackqeb`~`b j qpiieae`kr acg|`rerey` ackqr~jekr ck rm` g`~d`b `kreru/ ergpqr n` qmctk rc n` oefòu/ regòu jkb qpiieae`kr rc b`r`~ c~ bì`jr jku |cr`krejo

jkreacg|`rerey` ìiàrq ci rm` |~c|cq`b acka`kr~jreck+:1= @kr~u eq kc~gjoou ckou

ackqeb`~`b regòu ei er caap~q termek rtc u`j~q+:15 @kr~u gpqr gc~`cy`~ n` ci j qpiieae`kr

qac|` jkb gjdkerpb` rc b`r`~ c~ bì`jr rm` jkreacg|`rerey` ìiàrq ci rm` g`~d`~+:25+

:11 Zp`qreckkje~` 2 rc Ckoek` Apqrcg`~q/ Zp`qreckq 25'0:+

:12 Eneb`g+

:10 Zp`qreckkje~` 2 rc Ckoek` Apqrcg`~q/ Zp`qreck 0=+

:19 Eneb`g+

:14 Zp`qreckkje~` 2 rc Ckoek` Apqrcg`~q/ Zp`qreckq 25'0: jkb 0=+

:1= Mc~exckrjo G`~d`~ Dpebòek`q/ |j~jd~j|mq 9= jkb ip~rm`~+

:15 Mc~exckrjo G`~d`~ Dpebòek`q/ |j~jd~j|m 42+

:2< Mc~exckrjo G`~d`~ Dpebòek`q/ |j~jd~j|m 40+


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mjy` `g`~d`b ck rm` beii`~`kr gpqea |pnoeqmekd gj~f`rq/ ekaopbekd rm` gj~f`rq ic~ ckoek`

~edmrq+ Rmeq ekaopb`q NGD êdmrq Gjkjd`g`kr -ojpkam`b ek >99:+ Rm` Acggeqqeck gc~`cy`~ ackqeb`~q rm` ~eqf rmjr |~ea` eka~`jq`q ic~ ckoek` |ojric~gq

tcpob kcr ~`qpor ek jbbereckjo ~`y`kp`q ic~ rm` \j~re`q kcr rc n` qedkeieajkr+ Rmeq eq rm` ajq`jq `}r~jarekd qpam jbbereckjo ~`y`kp`q eq pkoefòu rc ~`qpor ek qpam j ijoo'cpr ci b`gjkb

rmjr rm` g`~d`b `kreru tcpob n` |~àopb`b i~cg eg|cqekd medm`~ ~jr`q/ jbyjka`q c~ crm`~

gc~` ck`~cpq r`~gq ck ckoek` |ojric~gq -q`` |j~jd~j|mq >1= rc >22+ Er eq joqc rm` ajq`

nàjpq` rm` g`~d`b `kreru eq pkoefòu rc ija` acg|`rerey` ackqr~jekrq rmjr tcpob

acpkr`~yjeo rm` |~ea` eka~`jq`/ ek rm` ic~g ci ~`dpojr`b acooàrekd qcae`ru rj~eiiq/ |ct`~ipo

npu`~q c~ qpiieae`kr ackqr~jekrq `}`~aeq`b nu jarpjo c~ |cr`krejo acg|`rerc~q -q``

|j~jd~j|mq >20 rc >05+

:2: Zp`qreckkje~` 1 rc Apqrcg`~q -ciioek` gj~f`rq/ Zp`qreckq >= jkb 1= jkb Zp`qreckkje~` 2 rc Ckoek`

Apqrcg`~q Zp`qreck 01+


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Ackaopqeck

>9>+ Ic~ rm` ~`jqckq g`kreck`b ek |j~jd~j|mq >>5 rc >9: jncy`/ rm` Acggeqqeck ackaopb`q

rmjr rm` |~c|cq`b acka`kr~jreck ~jeq`q q`~ecpq bcpnrq term ~`q|àr rc rm` gj~f`rq ic~ rm`

oea`kqekd ci ckoek` ~edmrq ek rm` PF jkb E~òjkb+ Ic~ rm` ~`jqckq g`kreck`b ek |j~jd~j|m

>22 jncy`/ rm` Acggeqqeck joqc ackaopb`q rmjr rm` acg|`rereck acka`~kq ek ~òjreck rcPF jkb E~òjkb tcpob n` |~chàr`b jr rm` @@J'teb` o`yò+

0+2+ Acc~bekjr`b iiàrq

>91+ Rc jqq`qq acc~bekjr`b ìiàrq/ tòo'`qrjnoeqm`b ajq` ojt:2> jkb Acggeqqeck dpebòek`q

ck rm` jqq`qqg`kr ci mc~exckrjo g`~d`~q:21 ~`zpe~` |~cci rmjr rm` g`~d`~ tcpob gjf`

acc~bekjreck gc~` oefòu/ gc~` ìiàrey` jkb gc~` qpqrjekjno`+ Rm` jkjouqeq k``bq rc

icapq ek |j~reapoj~ ck8 -e rm` jneoeru rc ~`jam r`~gq ci acc~bekjreck6 -ee rm` jneoeru rc

gckerc~ b`yejreckq6 -eee rm` `}eqr`ka` ci j a~`beno` b`r`~~`kr gàmjkeqg ei b`yejreck eq

b`ràr`b jkb -ey rm` ~`jareckq ci cprqeb`~q qpam jq |cr`krejo acg|`rerc~q jkb apqrcg`~q+

>92+ Rm` \j~re`q qpnger rmjr acc~bekjr`b ìiàrq ek ~òjreck rc rm` oea`kqekd ci Ackrek`krjo

@p~c|`jk ~`|`~rce~` ajk n` `}aopb`b i~cg rm` cprq`r/ qeka` gpqea |pnoeqm`~q mjy` kc

ekiop`ka` cy`~ rm` |~ea` ci qpam ~`|`~rce~`+

>90+ Ek ~òjreck rc Jkdoc'Jg`~eajk ~`|`~rce~`/ rm` \j~re`q qpnger/ ie~qr/ rmjr dey`k rm` oj~d`

kpgn`~ ci qgjoo |pnoeqm`~q/ jku jrr`g|r jr acc~bekjreck tcpob o`jy` j oj~d` d~cp| ci

cprqeb`~q rmjr tcpob pkb`~gek` acc~bekjreck jrr`g|rq+ Qàckb/ rm` |cqqeneoeru ci k`t

`kr~u jkb `}|jkqeck jq terk`qq`b ek ~à`kr u`j~q nu NGD êdmrq Gjkjd`g`kr/ Fcnjor/

jkb Egjd`g ' tcpob b`qrjneoeq` jku |cqqeno` jrr`g|r jr acc~bekjreck -`y`k ei rmeq `kr~u

mjq rc bjr` n``k oeger`b ek qajo`+ Rme~b/ rm`~` eq ekqpiieae`kr r~jkq|j~`kau ek |~eaekd rc~`jam r`~gq ci acc~bekjreck/ gckerc~ acg|oejka` term qpam r`~gq/ jkb b`ràr b`yejreck+

Rm` \j~re`q qpnger rmjr |pnoeqm`~q bc kcr fkct rm` ckoek` oea`kqekd r`~gq ci rmè~ ~eyjoq

jkb mjy` y`~u oeger`b ekic~gjreck jncpr qmj~`q ci ~`y`kp`+ Icp~rm/ rm`~` eq kc a~`beno`

~`rjoejrc~u gàmjkeqg rc b`r`~ b`yejreck+ Ojqr/ rm` \j~re`q qpnger rmjr acc~bekjreck tcpob

n` i~pqr~jr`b nu rm` teb`q|~`jb jyjeojneoeru ci |e~jr`b gpqea jkb rm` acpkr`~yjeoekd

nj~djekekd |ct`~ ci ckoek` gpqea |ojric~gq+

>99+ Rm` gj~f`r eky`qredjreck tjq ekackaopqey` jq rc rm` zp`qreck tm`rm`~ rm` r~jkqjareck

òegekjrekd @GE G\ jq j acg|`rerc~ eka~`jq`q rm` qac|` ic~ acc~bekjreck jgckd rm`

~`gjekekd gjhc~q ek |j~reapoj~ term ~`q|àr rc ckoek` ~edmrq+:22 Ck` apqrcg`~ zpcr`q jk

`}jg|o` ci `}|`~e`kaekd qegeoj~ ackbpar nu gjhc~ |pnoeqm`~q ek rm` |jqr bp~ekdk`dcrejreckq ck ckoek` ~edmrq jkb `}|àrq jrr`g|rq rc joedk |~ea`q jkb crm`~ acgg`~aejo

r`~gq -qpam jq jbyjka`q jir`~ rm` aocqekd ci rm` |~c|cq`b r~jkqjareck+

>94+ Rm` Acggeqqeck mct`y`~ ackqeb`~q rmjr rm` gj~f`r ic~ oea`kqekd ckoek` |pnoeqmekd

~edmrq eq kcr qpiieae`krou r~jkq|j~`kr jq rc ~jr`q jkb crm`~ b`jo r`~gq rc ~`jam r`~gq ci

:2> Ajq` R'12>#55/Je~rcp~q |oa y Acggeqqeck/ Ajq` R'292#+>


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99=+ Ic~ rm` jncy` ~`jqckq/ rm` Acggeqqeck rm`~ìc~` ackaopb`q rmjr rm` |~c|cq`b

r~jkqjareck bc`q kcr ~jeq` q`~ecpq bcpnrq ek ~òjreck rc acc~bekjr`b ìiàrq jq rc erq

acg|jreneoeru term rm` ekr`~kjo gj~f`r ek rm` gj~f`r ic~ ckoek` |pnoeqmekd ~edmrq+

9+ Y`~reajo ìiàrq

9+:+ Ekr~cbpareck

>95+

Rm`~` eq j y`~reajo ~òjreckqme| ci rm` g`~d`b `kreru term Qcku D~cp| c|`~jreckq ek rmìcooctekd bctkqr~`jg gj~f`rq8 -: ~àc~b`b gpqea6 -> rm` |pnoeqmekd ci acg|pr`~ jkb

yeb`cdjg`q6 -1 rm` |~cbpareck/ jazpeqereck jkb beqr~enpreck ci gcreck |earp~`q6 -2 rm`

|~cbpareck jkb beqr~enpreck ci RY |~cd~jgg`q/ jkb -0 ckoek` gpqea ~`rjeo q`~yea`q+

>4:: jncy`+

>4:+ Yeb`cdjg`/ gcreck |earp~` jkb RY |~cd~jgg`q |~cbpa`~q jazpe~` qukam~ckeqjreck

~edmrq i~cg gpqea |pnoeqm`~q+ Ckoek` gpqea ~`rjeo q`~yea`q k``b rc cnrjek ckoek` ~edmrq

oea`kq`q -rmjr ekaopb` ckoek` gàmjkeajo jkb |`~ic~gjka` ~edmrq i~cg gpqea |pnoeqm`~q+

>4>+ Ackqeb`~ekd rm` gj~f`r qmj~`q ic~ rm` `}|ocerjreck ci qukam~ckeqjreck |pnoeqmekd ~edmrq

jkb ic~ rm` `}|ocerjreck ci ckoek` |pnoeqmekd ~edmrq/ j kpgn`~ ci d`cd~j|mea gj~f`rq:20 ek

rm` @@J j~` y`~reajoou jiiàr`b+ Jq ic~ rm` p|qr~`jg gj~f`r ic~ rm` `}|ocerjreck ci

qukam~ckeqjreck |pnoeqmekd ~edmrq/ rm` icooctekd :: acpkr~e`q j~` jiiàr`b8 Nòdepg/I~jka`/ D`~gjku/ D~`à`/ Mpkdj~u/ E~òjkb/ \cojkb/ ^cgjkej/ Q|jek/ Qt`b`k jkb rm`

Pker`b Fekdbcg+ Jq ic~ rm` p|qr~`jg gj~f`r ic~ rm` `}|ocerjreck ci ckoek` |pnoeqmekd

~edmrq/ rm` icooctekd icp~ acpkr~e`q j~` jiiàr`b8 D`~gjku/ rm` K`rm`~ojkbq/ Q|jek jkb

Qt`b`k+ Rm` Acggeqqeck `}jgek`b tm`rm`~ rm` c|`~jreck tcpob dey` ~eq` rc y`~reajo

acka`~kq ek jku @@J acpkr~u ic~ joo jareyere`q ci Qcku jkb Qcku$q jiieoejr`q jkb rm`

jqq`qqg`kr jkb ackaopqeckq ~`jam`b j~` rm` qjg` ic~ joo acpkr~e`q ic~ rm` |p~|cq` ci rm`

|~`q`kr ajq`+

:20 Er qmcpob n` kcr`b rmjr/ jq g`kreck`b ek qàreck Y+0+> ci rmeq bàeqeck/ ackr~co qmj~`q j~` kcr acg|j~jno` rc

gj~f`r qmj~`q jkb tmeo` rmù j~` j ~ò`yjkr g`jkq rc jqq`qq rm` gj~f`r rmù j~` kcr qperjno` rc eb`kreiuy`~reajoou jiiàr`b gj~f`rq+


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>41+ Rm` \j~re`q qpnger rmjr ~`dj~bo`qq ci rm` q|àeiea bctkqr~`jg gj~f`rq/ Qcku#JRY

bc`q kcr mjy` rm` jneoeru rc ic~àocq` Qcku D~cp|$q bctkqr~`jg ~eyjoq rc rm` n`kìer ci j

Qcku D~cp| bctkqr~`jg pker+ Ie~qr/ Qcku#JRY eq j hcekr y`krp~` term rm` Geamjò

Hjafqck @qrjr` jkb rm` ojrr`~ `kreru tcpob kcr n`kìer i~cg qpam r~`jrg`kr jkb tcpob

rm`~ìc~` c||cq` er+ Qàckb/ Qcku#JRY eq ~`zpe~`b rc jbgekeqr`~ rm` @GE G\ ajrjocdp` ek

rm` ekr`~`qr ci joo rm` g`gn`~q ci rm` jazpe~ekd ackqc~repg -rmjr ekaopb`q Gpnjbjoj jq jac'ackr~cooekd |j~ru tmc tcpob c||cq` qpam r~`jrg`kr+ VW

>42+ Gc~`cy`~/ rm` \j~re`q qpnger rmjr jku qpam |coeau tcpob kcr n` aj|jno` ci gjr`~ejoou

jiiàrekd rm` acg|`rerey` |cqereck ci èrm`~ Qcku D~cp|$q bctkqr~`jg npqek`qq`q c~

acg|`rerc~q ci rmcq` npqek`qq`q/ bp` rc rm` |`~e|m`~jo ~co` d`k`~joou |oju`b nu rm` ~ò`yjkr

gpqea |pnoeqmekd ~edmrq ek rm`q` npqek`qq`q+

9+>+ Gj~f`r amj~jar`~eqreaq

\pnoeqmekd ci acg|pr`~ jkb yeb`cdjg`q/ |~cbpareck/ jazpeqereck jkb beqr~enpreck ci

gcreck |earp~`q/ jkb |~cbpareck jkb beqr~enpreck ci RY |~cd~jgg`q

>40+ Rm~cpdm erq tmcoou'ctk`b qpnqebej~u Qcku \earp~`q @kr`~rjekg`kr -.Q\@.

acg|~eqekd joqc rm` tmcoou ctk`b qpnqebej~u Qcku \earp~`q Rò`yeqeck D~cp| Qcku

c|`~jr`q ek rm` bctkqr~`jg gj~f`rq ic~ rm` |~cbpareck/ jazpeqereck jkb beqr~enpreck ci

gcreck |earp~`q jkb ic~ rm` |~cbpareck jkb beqr~enpreck ci RY |~cd~jgg`q+ Q\@ |~cbpa`q/

jazpe~`q jkb beqr~enpr`q gcreck |earp~`q ic~ rm`jr~eajo ~ò`jq`q jkb |~cbpa`q jkb

beqr~enpr`q RY |~cd~jgg`q+ Qcku$q tmcoou'ctk`b qpnqebej~u Qcku Acg|pr`~

@kr`~rjekg`kr -.QA@. eq jarey` ek rm` gj~f`r ic~ rm` |pnoeqmekd ci acg|pr`~ jkb

yeb`cdjg`q+ QA@ b`yòc|q jkb |pnoeqm`q yeb`cdjg`q ic~ Qcku$q mcg` ackqco` yeb`c

djg` |~cbparq+

>49+ Qcku `qregjr`q erq >


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>4=+ Jq ic~ rm` acg|pr`~ jkb yeb`cdjg`q gj~f`r/ Qcku `qregjr`q erq @@J'teb` gj~f`r

qmj~` rc n` o`qq rmjk 0%+ Qcku `qregjr`q rmjr erq @@J'teb` gj~f`r qmj~`q ek rm` icooctekd

|cqqeno` qpn'q`dg`krq#gj~f`rq j~` joo n`oct >0%8 ckoek` djg`q/ ciioek` djg`q ic~

ackqco`q jkb mjkbm`ob b`yea`q `}aopbekd \A djg`q -ek tmeam Qcku eq kcr jarey` -V0'

:0% -crm`~ rmjk ic~ Iekojkb/ tm`~` erq qmj~` tjq `qregjr`b rc n` V> VW+


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y`~u ~j~òu `}a``bq 0% ci rm` rcrjo b`yòc|g`kr acqrq jkb ek gjku ajq`q eq qpnqrjkrejoou

oct`~ -cir`k o`qq rmjk :% ci rm` rcrjo acqr+ Rm`~ìc~`/ `y`k ei Qcku#JRY t`~` rc n` jno`

rc q`r qedkeieajkrou medm`~ ~cujoru i``q |cqr'g`~d`~/ c~ amj~d` oct`~ c~ kc ~cujore`q rc rm`

Qcku d~cp| bctkqr~`jg npqek`qq`q/ rm` eg|jar ck rm` rcrjo |~cbpareck acqr ci rm` `kb'

|~cbpar tcpob ~`gjek `}r~`gòu oeger`b+

>=>+ Ek erq bàeqeck ek rm` ajq` Qcku#QckuNGD:01 acka`~kekd rm` ~àc~b`b gpqea npqek`qq/

rm` Acggeqqeck ackqeb`~`b term ~`q|àr rc acg|pr`~ djg`q/ rmjr ic~ rm` yjqr gjhc~eru ci

djg`q/ gpqea eq ckou ck` i`jrp~` jkb ~j~òu ackqrerpr`q rm` gjek jq|àr+ Ek rm` ajq` rmjr

Qcku bàeb`b kcr rc acgg`~aejoeq` erq ajrjocdp` pkb`~ kck'acg|`rerey` r`~gq/ term rm`

cnhàrey` rc ijycp~ erq ctk djg` |pnoeqmekd j~g/ crm`~ djg` |pnoeqm`~q acpob `jqeou

oea`kq` gpqea i~cg crm`~ acg|jke`q+

>=1+ Rm` Acggeqqeck ackqeb`~q rmjr term ~`dj~b rc rm` g`~d`b `kreru$q c~ Qcku#JRY$q

jneoeru rc ic~àocq`/ Gpnjbjoj jkb rm` Geamjò Hjafqck @qrjr` j~` oefòu rc c||cq` qpam j

qr~jr`du jq rmù tcpob kcr b`~ey` jku n`kìer i~cg |cr`krejoou eka~`jqekd Qcku D~cp|$q

qjo`q bctkqr~`jg+ Ip~rm`~gc~`/ `y`k ei Qcku#JRY t`~` rc `kdjd` ek ic~àocqp~`/ ackr`kr|~cbpa`~q acg|`rekd term Qcku D~cp|$q bctkqr~`jg npqek`qq tcpob ~`rjek qpiieae`kr

jor`~kjrey`q ek rm` gj~f`r ic~ qukam~ckeqjreck |pnoeqmekd ~edmrq+

>=2+ Gc~`cy`~/ rm` Acggeqqeck ackqeb`~q rmjr er eq pkoefòu rmjr rm` g`~d`b `kreru c~

Qcku#JRY mjy` rm` eka`krey`q rc jbc|r qpam j qr~jr`du jq rmù tcpob ic~`dc ~`y`kp`q

i~cg qukam~ckeqjreck ~edmrq tm`~`jq rm` eg|jar rc eka~`jq` ~`y`kp`q ck rm` bctkqr~`jg

gj~f`rq -rm~cpdm rm` |~cbpareck acqrq ic~ acg|pr`~ djg`q/ RY |~cd~jgg`q c~ ieogq

j||`j~ rc n` b` gekegeq+ Ip~rm`~/ Qcku#JRY$q a~`beneoeru jkb ~`|prjreck ck rm` gj~f`r ic~

|~cyebekd |pnoeqmekd q`~yea`q rc jprmc~q tcpob ~eqf nèkd pkb`~gek`b/ tmeam tcpob

eg|jar erq |cqereck rc acg|`r` ck rm` p|qr~`jg gj~f`r ci qukam~ckeqjreck |pnoeqmekd

~edmrq+

Ckoek` gpqea ~`rjeo q`~yea`q

>=0+ Rm` \j~re`q qpnger rmjr gpqea |pnoeqm`~q eka~`jqekdou ~òu ck ckoek` |ojric~gq rc

`}|ocer ac|u~edmrq jq |muqeajo ~àc~b`b gpqea qjo`q j~` qpnhàr`b rc j qr`jbu bàoek`+

Gc~`cy`~/ Gpqea Pkoeger`b jkb \ojuKct j~` ~òjreyòu gekc~ ckoek` |ojric~gq ek

acg|j~eqck rc eRpk`q/ Jgjxck c~ Q|creiu+ Rm`~ìc~`/ Qcku#JRY teoo kcr n` jno` c~ mjy`

rm` eka`krey` rc ic~àocq` acg|`rekd ckoek` gpqea ~`rjeo`~q+ Iekjoou/ rm` \j~re`q qpnger rmjr

rm` ackaopqeckq ~`jam`b ek Acggeqqeck bàeqeck ek rm` ajq` Qcku#NGD ic~ rm` ~àc~b`b

gpqea gj~f`r j~` yjoeb joqc ic~ rm` gpqea |pnoeqmekd gj~f`r+ Rm` Acggeqqeck mjb

ackaopb`b rmjr Qcku$q ~àc~b`b gpqea acg|jku tjq pkoefòu rc `kdjd` ek y`~reajoic~àocqp~` ek rm` bctkqr~`jg gj~f`r ci ckoek` gpqea ~`rjeo q`~yea`q rc ijycp~ erq ctk

ckoek` |ojric~g ekaopbekd nàjpq` bctkqr~`jg gj~f`r |oju`~q/ qpam jq J||o` eRpk`q/

t`~` ackqeb`~jnou qr~ckd`~+

>=9+ Rm` Acggeqqeck ackqeb`~q/ ie~qr/ rmjr dey`k rmjr Qcku ckou ~à`krou ojpkam`b erq k`t

ckoek` gpqea ~`rjeo q`~yea`q |ojric~gq/ erq |~`q`ka` ek rmeq bctkqr~`jg gj~f`r ~`gjekq

y`~u oeger`b+ Qàckb/ nu ic~àocqekd acg|`rerc~q ek rm` bctkqr~`jg gj~f`r qpam jq nu

b`kuekd bederjo gpqea ~`rjeo`~q jaa`qq rc gpqea |pnoeqmekd ~edmrq ackr~coo`b nu rm` g`~d`b

`kreru/ Qcku tcpob ic~`dc oea`ka` ~`y`kp`q i~cg ckoek` |pnoeqmekd ~edmrq tmeam mjy` n``k

:01 Acggeqqeck bàeqeck ci :0 Q`|r`gn`~ >/ Qcku# Qcku NGD+


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d~ctekd qedkeieajkrou cy`~ rm` |jqr u`j~q jkb j~` ic~àjqr`b rc ackrekp` rc bc qc+ Rme~b/

Gpnjbjoj jkb#c~ rm` Geamjò Hjafqck @qrjr` tcpob mjy` kc eka`krey` rc acpkr`kjka`

qpam j qr~jr`du jq rmù tcpob ic~`dc oea`kqekd ~`y`kp`q i~cg ic~àocq`b acg|`rerc~q jkb

er tcpob n` medmou pkoefòu ic~ Qcku rc djek qpiieae`kr gj~f`r qmj~` ek rm` bctkqr~`jg

gj~f`r rc acg|`kqjr` ic~ rm`q` ocqq`q+ Iekjoou/ rm` Acggeqqeck kcr`q rmjr rm`

Acggerg`krq qpngerr`b nu rm` \j~re`q ~`g`bu rm` acka`~k ci gj~f`r |ct`~ ek rm`p|qr~`jg gj~f`r ic~ ckoek` |pnoeqmekd ~edmrq/ rm`~`nu ~`gcyekd rm` g`~d`b `kreru$q jneoeru

rc ìiàreyòu `kdjd` ek ek|pr ic~àocqp~` ck rm` gj~f`r ic~ ckoek` gpqea ~`rjeo q`~yea`q+

9+2+ Apqrcg`~ ic~àocqp~`

>=4+ Rm` \j~re`q qpnger rmjr rm`~` eq kc ~eqf ci apqrcg`~ ic~àocqp~`+ Ie~qr/ Qcku$q ~ò`yjkr

bctkqr~`jg npqek`qq`q mjy` rm` eka`krey`q rc amccq` rm` gpqeajo tc~fq rmjr rmù ackqeb`~

rc n` rm` gcqr j||~c|~ejr`+ Jku jrr`g|r rc ijycp~ ~`|`~rce~` ctk`b c~ jbgekeqr`~`b nu

Qcku#JRY tcpob eg|je~ Qcku$q bctkqr~`jg pkerq rc acg|`r` ek rmè~ ~ò`yjkr gj~f`r

tm`~` rmù ija` gpam qr~ckd`~ gj~f`r |oju`~q+ Qàckb/ er tcpob n` àckcgeajoou

e~~jreckjo ic~ Qcku D~cp| rc ic~`dc ~`y`kp`q bctkqr~`jg ic~ pka`~rjek djekq nu rm`g`~d`b `kreru p|qr~`jg ek tmeam er ctkq ckou V>


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9+0+ Ackaopqeck ck y`~reajo ìiàrq

>5:+ Ic~ rm` ~`jqckq jncy`/ rm` Acggeqqeck ackaopb`q rmjr rm` r~jkqjareck bc`q kcr ~jeq`

q`~ecpq bcpnrq jq rc erq acg|jreneoeru term rm` ekr`~kjo gj~f`r ek ~òjreck rc y`~reajo ìiàrq

ek jku ci rm` gj~f`rq ic~ rm` `}|ocerjreck ci qukam~ckeqjreck |pnoeqmekd ~edmrq jkb ic~ rm`

`}|ocerjreck ci ckoek` |pnoeqmekd ~edmrq tmeam j~` jiiàr`b jr kjreckjo o`yò+

4+ Rm` gj~f`rq ic~ |pnoeqmekd q`~yea`q rc jprmc~q

4+:+ Gj~f`r qr~parp~`

>5>+ Ek Pkey`~qjo#NGD Gpqea \pnoeqmekd/ rm` Acggeqqeck ackqeb`~`b rmjr rm` gj~f`r

qr~parp~` ci rm` gj~f`r ic~ gpqea |pnoeqmekd q`~yea`q eq ge~~c~`b ek rm` cy`~joo gj~f`r ic~

rm` `}|ocerjreck ci |pnoeqmekd ~edmrq+:00 Rm` Acggeqqeck ~àcdkeq`b ek rmjr bàeqeck rmjr

rm` |~cyeqeck ci |pnoeqmekd q`~yea`q rc jprmc~q .eq |j~rejoou amj~jar`~eq`b nu j ic~g ci

nj~r`~ r~jb`.:09

+ Rm` |pnoeqm`~ bc`q kcr ~àèy` ~`y`kp` be~àrou ek ~`rp~k ic~ rm`|~cyeqeck ci |pnoeqmekd q`~yea`q rc jk jprmc~ ~jrm`~ rm` |pnoeqm`~ ~àèy`q j ~edmr rc j qmj~`

ci iprp~` ~cujore`q bp` i~cg bctkqr~`jg acgg`~aejoeqjreck ci rm` jprmc~$q tc~f+ Gj~f`r

qmj~`q ck rm` bctkqr~`jg gj~f`rq ic~ acgg`~aejo `}|ocerjreck ajk

Date post:	05-Apr-2018
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