Sophie Ferneeuw - nov 2004 Understanding disability Typology of approaches towards disability A...

Sophie Ferneeuw - nov 2004

Understanding disability

•Typology of approaches towards disability

•A global approach : the handicap creation process


Disability as Individual pathology

1) Biomedical Approach

2) Functional Approach

Disability as Social pathology

1) Environmental Approach

2) Human Rights Approach

Typology of approaches towards disability (Marcia Rioux, Roeher Institute, Toronto, 1997)

(Jean-François Ravaud, INSERM, 1999)

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Disability as individual pathologyBiomedical Approach

• TreatmentRecovery through medical or technological means

• PreventionBiological or genetic intervention ; prenatal detection

• Social ResponsibilityEliminate or cure the disability


Disability as individual pathologyFunctional Approach

• TreatmentFunctional rehabilitation services

• PreventionEarly diagnosis and treatment

• Social ResponsibilityImprove and obtain comfort


Disability as social pathologyEnvironmental Approach

• TreatmentAccessibility, adaptation ; increased individual control over

services and support

• PreventionElimination of social, economic and physical barriers

• Social ResponsibilityElimination of obstacles to integration


Disability as social pathologyHuman Rights Approach

• TreatmentReformulation of political, economic and social rules

• PreventionAcknowledgment that the disability is an inherent part of society

• Social ResponsibilityElimination to obstacles to integration


Individual or medical approach

1 - the person is paralysed: medical approach (cf deficiency)

2 - the person cannot walk: functional approach (cf incapacity / limitation of activity)

Social approach

1 – the building is not accessible: environmental approach (cf installation of the environment)

2 - the society is discriminative and segregative: political approach /inequality of the human or citizen rights (non-discrimination)C

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Ex. : Access to town hall


Another approach of the difference

From RIPPH/SCCIDIH and a presentation done by Raphaël de Riedmatten - Mai 2002

A global approach : the handicap creation process

Human Development Model


Environmental Factors

Life Habits

Interaction

Risk Factors

Cause

Personal FactorsOrganic Systems Capabilities

Integrity Impairment Facilitator ObstacleAbility Disability

Social Participation Handicap Situation

Help ! Too theoritical !

The handicap creation process


Risk Factor

Cause

138 KS 986

The handicap creation process – Risk factors


Risk Factors

Cause

Personal FactorsOrganic Systems

Integrity impairment

Integrity

ImpairmentIdea of « degrees » of impairment

The handicap creation process – Personal factors



Ability Disability

Disability (ex. with the age of the person)

Ability (idea of « to be very fit »)

Idea of « degrees » of ability

Integrity Impairment

Risk Factors

Cause

The handicap creation process - Personal factors


Environmentals Factors

Facilitator Obstacle

• A hostile environment can be a determining factor in the handicap production process

Roads in bad condition constitute an "obstacle"

for certain people

Shtimë, Kosovo, 11.04.02

The handicap creation process - Environmental factors





An accessible restaurant can largely facilitate the social life of people with reduced mobility



EnvironmentalFactors


• An inaccessible school is a factor of exclusion (obstacle)• … just as fears of the teachers • … or as the negative attitude of the other parents…






• Whereas a simple equipment can facilitate the participation (facilitator) • … with the support of an attentive teacher …• … the comprehension of the parents of the other pupils …





Equal Rights !

• The existence of an effective legislation to support integration will have an important impact on the handicap situations in the daily life.

A law for the equal rights constitutes a "facilitator"





• A family, support or obstacle ?

• … as for a culture and a society ?








•A ramp built by the father of the family, an obstacle which disappears !

•An electric wheelchair, a facilitator




The access to a computer and a good software to write in Braille: a facilitator

• An access to Internet, a facilitator to tie contacts

• @ !




Life Habits

Interaction

Risk Factors

Cause


Integrity Impairment Facilitator ObstacleAbility Disability


The handicap creation process – Life Habits

• The whole of this factors are in interaction with the life habits of each person. There is not a « handicap » in itself.• There are only « handicap situations » more or less important which will restrict the social « participation ».


Life Habit


« Life habit is a daily activity or a social role valued by the person or his/her sociocultural context according to his/her characteristics (age, sex, sociocultural identity etc …) which ensure his/her survival and well-being in his/her society throughout their lifetime »



Life Habit

« A situation of social participation corresponds to the full realization of the Life Habits »




Life Habit


« A handicap situation refers to the reduced or non accomplishment of life habits. »



Life Habits





Life Habits




Facteurs environnementaux

Habitudes de vie

Interaction

Facteurs de risque

Cause

Facteurs personnelsSystème

organiqueAptitudes

Intégrité Déficience Facilitateur ObstacleAptitude Incapacité

Participation sociale Situation de handicap

The End !

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