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SOT Introduction and Goals of SOT-IV
World Meteorological Organization Intergovernmental OceanographicCommission of UNESCO
Ship Observations Team ~ integrating and coordinating international ship-based observing programmes for JCOMM ~
SOT-IV16-21 April 2007, Geneva, Switzerland
Graeme BallChairman, SOT
16-21 April 2007 SOT Introduction and Session Goals, SOT-IV, Geneva 2
Outline
• Composition of the SOT.• Overview of the observing programs.• Objectives of the SOT.• Working arrangements. • Management Team.• Relationship with JCOMM.• Goals of SOT-IV.
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Composition of the SOT
• The JCOMM Ship Observations Team (SOT) consists of three successful and long-standing global observing programs:» The Voluntary Observing Ship (VOS) Scheme;» The Ship-of-Opportunity Programme (SOOP); and» The Automated Shipboard Aerological Programme (ASAP).
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Voluntary Observing Ship Scheme
• VOS:» Surface weather reports from all oceans and coastal areas;» Real-time GTS data (SHIP) and delayed-mode data; » ~ 5,000 ships (December 2006); and» ~ 200 ships equipped with AWS (December 2006).
• VOSClim – the VOS Climate Project:» High quality reference subset of the VOS used for climate
research, modelling applications and benchmarking;» Global target = 200 ships; and» ~ 200 ships (April 2007).
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Real-Time SHIP Messages
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Ship-of-Opportunity Programme
• XBT SOOP:» Upper-ocean thermal profiles on repeat sampling lines;» Real-time GTS data (BATHY) and delayed-mode data;» Globally ~ 60 ships and ~ 24,000 profiles annually; and» Sampling mostly from merchant and research ships.
• Multi-disciplinary underway sampling:» Atmospheric and ocean carbon, fluorescence, pigments,
salinity and temperature;» Sampling mostly on research ships in conjunction with HDX
(High Density XBT);» Real-time GTS data (TESAC, TRACKOB); and» Other parameters mostly used and archived by the operator.
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XBT SOOP Sampling Lines
High-Density (HDX) Frequently-Repeated (FRX) Both
As determined by the UOT Review, 1999, Hobart, Australia.
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Real-Time BATHY Messages
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Automated Shipboard Aerological Programme
• Atmospheric profiles (temperature, humidity & wind) from radiosondes.
• Real-time GTS data (TEMP SHIP).
• EUMETNET (E-ASAP):» North Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea; and» Target of 16 ships and 4,640 TEMP messages in 2007
increasing to 4,860 TEMP messages in 2008.
• Elsewhere:» Ad-hoc, e.g. Japan, South Africa and some Navy vessels.
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Real-Time TEMP SHIP Messages
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Objectives of the SOT
• To manage, coordinate and wherever possible integrate the VOS Scheme, SOOP and ASAP to support a range of well defined operational and research applications.
• To liaise and coordinate with other groups involved in using volunteer ships as environmental observing platforms with a view to their participation in the SOT.
• To improve national coordination between institutions involved in similar or related programs.
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Working Arrangements
• Sessions of the SOT occur biannually and incorporate plenary sessions of:» The VOS Panel (VOSP, including VOSClim since SOT-III); » The SOOP Implementation Panel (SOOPIP); and » The ASAP Panel (ASAPP).
• Scientific guidance is provided by expert panels and bodies for climate and operational meteorology.
• Most work is undertaken by intersessional Task Teams.
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Sessions of the SOT
Session Date Location Plenary Sessions
1 Mar 2001 Goa, India. VOSP-II, SOOPIP-IV & ASAPP-XIII.
2 July 2003 London, UK. VOSP-III, SOOPIP-V & ASAPP-XIV.
(with PMO-II & VOSClim-IV).
3 Mar 2005 Brest, France. VOSP-IV, VOSClim-V, SOOPIP-VI & ASAPP-XV.
4 Apr 2007 Geneva, Switzerland VOSP-V, SOOPIP-VII & ASAPP-XVI.
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SOT Management Team
SOT Chair Graeme Ball Australia
VOSP Chair Julie Fletcher New Zealand
SOOPIP Chair Steve Cook United States
ASAPP Chair Sarah North United Kingdom
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Relationship with JCOMM*
• The SOT sits with the DBCP and the GLOSS-GE as the 3 Implementation Panels in the JCOMM OPA (Observations Programme Area).
• JCOMM is the reporting and coordinating mechanism for the operational marine activities of WMO and IOC.
• JCOMM was established in 1999 through a merger of WMO’s Commission for Marine Meteorology and the IOC’s Integrated Global Ocean Services System.
* Joint WMO/IOC Technical Commission for Oceanography and Marine Meteorology
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Structure of JCOMM
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Goals of SOT-IV
• Review the reports and recommendations from the Task Teams, ad-hoc groups and expert panels.
• Explore the possible integration into the SOT of other groups using ships as observing platforms.
• Identify issues requiring consideration and support from JCOMM.
• Review issues and form intersessional Task Teams as necessary to consider specific issues.
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Goals of SOT-IV (cont)
• Identify areas requiring support from JCOMMOPS.
• Gain a knowledge about new or updated systems, methods and technologies.
• Continue to harmonise global methods and practices:» observing systems, methods of observation, data processing,
data management, quality monitoring, inspection procedures.
• Foster communication within and between observing programmes.
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