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Sound Fundamentals A comprehensive paperless method for beginning band
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Copyright © 2014 by PDF Band Music. All rights reserved worldwide. No part of this publication may be replicated, redistributed, or given away in any form without the prior written consent of the publisher or the terms relayed to you herein. Tom Tucker, Owner, PDF Band Music, 11341 N Avondale Loop, Hayden Lake, ID, USA
By:
Tom Tucker Tom Donaldson
Consultants/Instrument Specialists:
Jerry Frazier
Ron Judd
Lee Shook
Jeffrey T. Parthun, Sr.
3
Table of Contents
Percussion Basics
Lessons 1 - 8
Lessons 9 - 16
Lessons 17 - 26
Lessons 27 - 39
Lessons 40 - 46
Lessons 47 - 54
Lessons 55 - 64
Lessons 65 - 77
Lessons 78 - 89
Lessons 90 - 95
Lessons 96 - 113
Lessons 114 - 130
Lessons 131 - 137
Lessons 138 - 146
Songs to Play
Rhythm Studies
Snare Studies
Rudiments
4
Percussion Basics
Start by watching these helpful videos.
If your device does not play the embedded videos, use the following YouTube links:
1. What equipment is needed
2. Gripping the sticks
3. Some music terms
4. Rebound Strokes
Playing the Bass Drum
Playing the Triangle
Playing the tambourine
Playing the Woodblock
5
Staff - 5 lines used to read music.
Neutral Clef Sign - Sign used by percussion instruments to read music
Time Signature - The number of beats per measure and the kind of note that receives one beat.
Measure (Bar) Line - A vertical line which divides the staff into measures.
Measure - The space between two measure (bar) lines.
Double Bar - The end of a section of music.
The Rhythm Tree
6
Lessons 1 - 8
1. OUR FIRST NOTE
2. A NEW NOTE
3. UP AND DOWN
4. WATCH YOUR RESTS
5. LOTS OF BREATH
First Notes and Rests
Quarter Note - 1 beat in 4/4 time
Quarter Rest - 1 beat in 4/4 time
Whole note - 4 beats in 4/4 time
Whole rest- 4 beats in 4/4 time
Link to mp3 Files
Rudiments
Same rest value
Tip: When counting quarter notes and rests, we often say “and” between the numbers. We use the “+” to indicate “and.”
7
6. DIVIDE AND CONQUER
1. Divide into part A or part B
2. At the end of the 1st line continue on to the next line
7. BRASS AND WOODWIND DEBATE
8. DRUMS TO THE FRONT
Quick Review
Measure (bar) Line Divides the staff into measures
Measure Space between two measure lines
How many measures in “DRUMS TO THE FRONT”?
What are the lines called at the end of a section?
Link to mp3 Files
Rudiments
Turn to page 71 for fun snare drum warm-ups
8
Lessons 9 - 16
2 counts Half
Note
Half
Rest 2 counts
9. HOW ABOUT A HALF NOTE
10. DIVIDE AND COUNT
Attention: Rests are important. Be sure to count rests.
11. ALL BY YOURSELF
Clapping Practice
Link to mp3 Files
Rudiments
9
12. MORE HALF NOTES
13. HALF NOTE TESTER
14. HALF AS MUCH
15. TAKE A BREATHER
16. HALF NOTE STOMP SYMPHONY
The Time Signature - At the beginning of every song you will find a time signature. The time signature indicates the number of beats in each meas-ure and what kind of note receives one beat. Every song you have played to this point has 4 beats in each measure.
Link to mp3 Files
Rudiments
10
Multiple Bounce
Allow stick to bounce freely on the drum head. This is the first step in learning the drum roll.
Lessons 17 - 26
17. STAY IN LINE
18. WHOLE LOT OF BREATH
Hold the bass drum mallet in your right hand just like you hold a snare drum stick. The beating spot is halfway below the center of the head and the rim. Your left hand muffles the ring of the bass drum. Place your open left hand on the same head that you strike, about 6 inches below the top rim.
Bass Drum
Usually notated on the bottom space of the staff
Snare Drum Multiple Bound and Bass Drum Practice
Rhythm Practice - Count Aloud and Clap
Link to mp3 Files
Rudiments
= or =
When practicing multiple bounce keep a steady tempo.
Turn to page 71 for more buzz practice
11
Eighth Notes - receive 1/2 beat in 4/4/ time
19. THE COUNT IS IN - DUET
20. IT’S ALL ABOUT QUARTERS
21. ALMOST LIKE A MELODY
22. COUNT THOSE RESTS
Link to mp3 Files
Rudiments
=
12
25. LET’S MOVE IT
23. MINOR MOOD
26. OFF TO THE RACES
24. UP AND DOWN DRUMMER
The Time Signature
Indicates how many beats in each measure and what kind of note receives one beat.
= 4 beats in each measure
= The quarter note receives one beat
13
Review
Circle the note that will complete the measure
1 2 3 4
Music Math Quiz
+ - =
+ + =
Whole rest
o o
M
A
T
C
H
I
N
G
Time signature o o
Staff o o
Quarter rest
o o
Check Your Answers
5 6 7 8
14
Lessons 27 - 39
27. HEADIN’ DOWN
28. HOT CROSS BUNS
29. FIRESIDE MEETING
Single Paradiddle
Your 1st rudiment. A rudiment is a special sticking combination for snare drum. Practice slowly and evenly.
Correct Sticking
Correct sticking is important!
Always alternate hands to develop great technique.
Link to mp3 Files
Rudiments
Turn to page 74 for a cool paradiddle exercise
15
30. JINGLE BELLS
32. WALKIN’ IN SUNSHINE
31. FRENCH FOLK SONG
Link to mp3 Files
Rudiments
16
33. MARY’S MISSING NOTES 1. Sing ‘Mary Had a Little Lamb’
2. On a piece of paper, write out the song with the missing rhythms
3. Play the song
34. LAP-CLAP RHYTHM RAP
35. SNAKE CHARMER
The Accent Mark -
An accent mark above or below a note means to stress or place emphasis on the note. The accent mark does not mean to play the note
Link to mp3 Files
Rudiments
17
36. SHOULD I PLAY?
38. SOME FOLKS DO
37. MESS AROUND WITH BARS 1. Draw the missing bar lines
2. Play the song
3. Play the song backwards
39. AU CLAIRE DE LA LUNE
Link to mp3 Files
Rudiments
18
Lessons 40 - 46
New Rudiment - Flam
40. GEE, IT’S A “G”
42. VARIATION ON A FRENCH FOLK SONG
The Repeat Sign
Variation— A different version of a theme
Variation - A variation is a change of rhythm, melody or harmony of a theme.
41. VARIATION ON HOT CROSS BUNS
Link to mp3 Files
Rudiments
The small note (grace note) has no rhythm value. To play a flam, hold one stick 2” from drum head. Hold the other stick in the normal play position. Move the sticks at the same time to play. One stick will hit the head before the other and create the flam.
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43. MOZART MELODY
44. LET’S PLAY IN HARMONY
BONUS LINE - Practice Slowly - Gradually Increase Speed
Link to mp3 Files
Rudiments
Triangle - The triangle is played by striking the side opposite the open corner using a metal beater.
20
45. A CHRISTMAS TUNE – BAND ARRANGEMENT
Sheet Music Reading Basics
Tempo - how fast to play - Tempo markings are usually in Italian and found above the staff. The tempo marking for A Christmas Tune is Allegro which means to play a fast, lively tempo.
Dynamics - how loud or soft to play - Usually written in Italian and located below the
staff. The beginning of A Christmas Tune is ‘f’ and should be played loudly.
Examples: f - forte-loud, mf - mezzo forte - medium loud, p - piano - soft
Tempo This is a rehearsal number. It helps us practice together.
Dynamic
Link to mp3 Files
Rudiments
21
Dynamic Markings
f - forte (play loudly) mf - mezzo forte (play moderately loud)
mp - mezzo piano (play moderately soft) p - piano (play softly)
46.
Link to mp3 Files
Rudiments
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Lessons 47 - 54
47. SABRE MARCH
49. GOOD KING WENCESLAS
A New Time Signature
= 2 Beats per measure
= Quarter note receives 1 beat
The Tie
A tie combines two or more notes.
48. OLD MCDONALD
2/4 Rhythm Practice - clap and count aloud
Link to mp3 Files
Rudiments
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51. ANOTHER ROUND
50. UP, DOWN, IT’S A ROUND
52. BINGO ARRANGEMENT
1. Play and repeat for practice
2. Divide band into 3 groups
a. Group 1 start at beginning
b. Group 2 start at beginning when group 1 reaches #1 in the music
c. Group 3 start at beginning when group 1 reaches #2 in the music
Repeat Sign
Repeat back to #5
Link to mp3 Files
Rudiments
24
53. COUNT TO FIVE
54. LUCKY SEVEN
Time Signature Reminder
Top
number = Beats per measure
Bottom number =
The type of note which receives 1 beat
Fact: In many world cultures, time signatures with 5, 7 or even 11 beats per measure are common.
Time signatures can be confusing. Look at the exercises below.
Clapping 5/4
Link to mp3 Files
Rudiments
Turn to page 74 for extra flam practice
25
Review
Draw the missing bar lines
Enter the correct sticking:
Paradiddles Flams
Check Your Answers
Complete the measures with one note
26
Lessons 55 - 64
55. OH SUSANNA
Pick Up Note(s)
Note or notes that come before the first full measure of a song.
Clapping Compare #2
Clapping Compare #1
1. Is there a difference in rhythm between #1 and #2?
2. What do you think happened to the last beat of Clapping Compare #2?
Tip: Silently count the beats leading up to the pick up note(s). If the pick up note(s) is on beat 4, silently count 1-2-3. If the pick up note(s) begins on beat 2 of a measure, it is best to silently count an extra measure plus one beat. 1-2-3-4 | 1
Clapping Practice
Link to mp3 Files
Rudiments
27
56. WHEN THE SAINTS GO MARCHING IN— OOMPA STYLE
57. RED RIVER VALLEY
Counting Pick Up Notes - Find the bar line for the first full measure, and then count
backwards to the starting beat.
Link to mp3 Files
Rudiments
28
Link to mp3 Files
58. JOLLY OLD SAINT NICK
1st and 2nd Endings
2nd time: Skip 1st ending, play 2nd ending.
59. PROCESSIONAL MARCH
More Multiple Bounce Practice
Rudiments
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60. CUCKOO MARCH
61. SHOO, FLY
Sight Reading Reminder:
1. Tempo - how fast should the song be played?
2. Dynamics - how loud or soft should the song be played?
3. Time Signature - how many counts in each measure?
Internal Repeat
Repeat music between signs.
30
62. ALL TIED UP
New Rudiment - Flam Tap
64. SKIP TO MY LOU
63. MARCH OF THE CZARS
Play flam - keep left hand up and tap with right hand. Alternate flam sticking.
31
Lessons 65 - 77
Dotted Half Note
A dot following a note adds 1/2 of the value of the note to itself. For example: a dotted half note gets 3 beats - a half note is 2 beats, 1/2 of 2 is 1, therefore, 1 + 2 = 3
65. THE JUMPING BEANS SONG
Dotted half note
3 beats
=
A New Time Signature
= 3 beats per measure
= Quarter note receives 1 beat
Clapping Practice
66. SOUTHERN ROSES
Moderato - A tempo marking meaning a medium tempo.
Link to mp3 Files
Rudiments
32
Multiple Bounce Eighth Notes
Play evenly - Connect the notes
67. WIND AND WILLOWS
68. TIME TO SAY GOODNIGHT
69. WALTZ DUO
Link to mp3 Files
Rudiments
Turn to page 72 for important 8th note roll exercises.
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70. EIGHTH NOTE RIDDLE
71. IT’S MARY AGAIN
Clapping Practice All
72. SKIP TO MY LOU
73. POLLY WOLLY DOODLE RETURNS
Link to mp3 Files
Rudiments
Eighth Note Rest
Receives a half (1/2) count in 2/4, 3/4, and 4/4 time
Sixteenth Notes
Receive 1/4 count in 2/4, 3/4, and 4/4 time.
Drummers Only
Name this rudiment
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77. CAMPTOWN RACES
75. JOLLY OLD SAINT NICK RETURNS
74. LIGHTLY ROW
mp - medium soft f - loud
76. STOMP-CLAP ETUDE
Practice slowly - increase speed
Link to mp3 Files
Rudiments
35
80. TWINKLE TWINKLE
78 . NEW NOTE PRELUDE
Lessons 78 - 89
New Rudiment
Double Paradiddle
D.C. Al Fine
Go back to the begin-ning and play until Fine.
Are you standing up straight when you play?
Good posture is important. Practice
79. DOWN IN THE VALLEY
Flam Tap
Link to mp3 Files
Rudiments
36
81. ODE TO JOY
82. BOOGIE BEAT
83. RHYTHM RAP 1. Divide into 3 groups
2. Clap, Hit, Stomp, or whatever you want
3. Repeat each 1-measure phrase until directed to come in on your part
4. Have fun...make up your own rhythms
Link to mp3 Files
Rudiments
37
84. THEME FROM ‘THE NUTCRACKER”
Fermata: Hold the note longer or until directed to release the note by the conductor
Terms and Symbols
Legato: A style of playing. Play smoothly and connected.
Staccato: A dot over or under a note means to play the note short or detached.
There is much to think about when you play music
Staccato Accent
Fermata
Tempo
85. THE CARNIVAL OF VENICE - OOMPAH STYLE
Link to mp3 Files
Rudiments
38
86. THE SNAKE CHARMER - revisited
87. HYMN ‘OLD 100TH’
88. HOLE IN THE BUCKET
89. BRAHMS SYMPHONY THEME
Link to mp3 Files
Rudiments
Measure Repeat Sign
Repeat the preceding measure
New Rudiment: Flam Accent
39
Woodblock (W.B.)
Play with stick or mallet near the center of the top part.
90. WIND THE CLOCK
Lessons 90 - 95
Woodblock Practice #1
Woodblock(s) and Snare #2
91. TIE ME JACKAL UP
Link to mp3 Files
Rudiments
40
Sixteenth Notes
The Orchestra Roll
Connect the notes and play evenly with buzzing sound.
=
=
=
92. ROCK IT
94. Experts Etude
93. HERE WE GO!
Same rest value
Link to mp3 Files
Rudiments
Receives 1/4 beat in 2/4, 3/4, and 4/4 time.
Turn to page 73 for more 16th note roll exercises
42
Lessons 96 - 113
96. THE KEY WALTZ
Nine Stroke Roll
97. SYMPHONIC THEME
9 Stroke Practice 2
Link to mp3 Files
Rudiments
Rolls that use 5 alternations are very common and are called “9-stroke” rolls. The video shows how a rudimental or a marching band drummer plays a 9-stroke roll.
Link to YouTube Example
9 Stroke Practice 1
43
98. ACCIDENTAL SPEED BUMP
99. LOTUS BLOSSOM
100. CZECH DANCE
Link to mp3 Files
Rudiments
44
101. AURA LEE
Other Common Percussion Instruments
Tambourine (Tamb.) - Play with fingertips, knuckles or heel of hand.
Percussion practice
102. IT’S COOL TO BE NATURAL
Link to mp3 Files
Rudiments
Cowbell - Hold open end away from you and strike the open end with a stick.
Cross-stick - play by clicking the drumstick, which is laid on top of the drumhead, against the rim of the snare drum.
46
105. NEW NOTE WALTZ
Old Scout Drum Solo
106. SLURRY WALTZ
Link to mp3 Files
Rudiments
Five Stroke Roll
Rolls that use 3 alternations are very common and are called “5-stroke” rolls. The video shows how a rudimental or a marching band drummer plays a 5-stroke roll.
Link to YouTube Example
47
107. NEW NOTE STUDY
108. WATCH THE FLATS
109. STARVED FOR FLATS
110. GO TO THE CIRCUS
Link to mp3 Files
Rudiments
48
Ritardando
rit. - Means to gradually slow down
Caesura or Grand Pause
This is a pause in the music. Watch the conductor.
111. CHESTER
Terms that make music more musical
Common Dynamic Markings
mf mezzo forte medium loud
f forte loud
mp mezzo piano medium soft
p piano soft
Common Tempo Markings
Moderato A moderate tempo
Andante Moderately slow tempo
Allegro Lively tempo
Vivace A fast tempo
112. POLOVTSAIN DANCE
Link to mp3 Files
Rudiments
49
113.
Multiple Measure Rest
Rests which are longer than one measure
Count: 1 2 3 4 | 2 2 3 4
Link to mp3 Files
Rudiments
50
Name the following rudiments
1.
2. 3.
Review
Name the following rudiments
4.
5. 6.
Music Math Quiz ( assuming 4/4 time)
+ x =
+ - =
medium soft
o o M
A
T
C
H
I
N
G
loud
o o
staccato
o o
fermata
o o
soft o o
medium loud o o
Check Your Answers
51
114. CLARINET CORNER
Lessons 114 - 130
115. MINOR CLARINET PROBLEM
On this page, clarinets will learn to ‘cross the break.’ This allows clarinets to play high notes.
116. LEAPS AND SLURS
Internal Key Changes - Composers insert new key signatures into music to create musical variety. In exercise 114. Clarinet Corner, the key signature changes two times.
Link to mp3 Files
Rudiments
52
In 4/4, 3/4 and 2/4 time
= 1 beat
Sixteenth note review
118. NEW NOTE WARM UP
120. HIGH AND STEADY
117. LEOPARD LEAP
119. MINOR PRELUDE - arrangement
Link to mp3 Files
Rudiments
Eighth note and two sixteenth notes review
=
53
122. SMOOTHLY FLOWING
SNARE DRUM - STREET MARCH
121. MINOR BREATH ISSUE
124. SLIDING DOWN THE ROAD
Link to mp3 Files
123. WAVE GOODBYE
Rudiments
Tambourine Shake - Shake the tambourine with one hand. Stop the shake on the tied note with the fist of the opposite hand.
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126. SHE FLEW-HE’S BLUE
125. HE FLEW-SHE’S BLUE
128. Eb CONCERT SCALE - FLAM ACCENT PRACTICE
Link to mp3 Files
127. Bb CONCERT SCALE - PARADIDDLE PRACTICE
Rudiments
55
129. LET’S WARM UP TOGETHER
130. UNCLE JOHN’S SHORT SHORTS
1. 1st time - all clap and stomp part B (drums as written)
2. 2nd time - divide parts
3. Have fun and experiment with parts
Link to mp3 Files
Rudiments
56
Lessons 131 - 136
Dotted Quarter Note
In 2/4, 3/4, 4/4 time, a dotted quarter note receives one and a half beats.
=
Dotted quarter notes can be tricky. Be sure to count aloud and practice carefully.
Practice 1
Practice 3
Practice 2 - with percussion
131. HONOR PATROL
Link to mp3 Files
Rudiments
57
135. THEME FROM THE ‘NEW WORLD SYMPHONY’
132. DOTTED WALTZ
133. HALF A SCALE
134. ALONE, BUT NOT AFRAID
Watch the internal repeat
Link to mp3 Files
Rudiments
59
Lessons 138 - 146
Syncopation
A change in the rhythm which accents the offbeat or ‘+.’
Practice 3
Crescendo
or cresc.
Gradually get louder
Diminuendo
or Dim.
Gradually get softer
Practice 2
Practice 1
Practice 5
Practice 4
Practice 6
Link to mp3 Files
Rudiments
60
138. SYNCOPATE THIS
139. SYNCOPATE THAT
140. SYNCO-AFTER-BEATS
141. RUSSIAN SAILOR’S DANCE
Link to mp3 Files
Rudiments
61
142. MY BONNY LIES OVER THE OCEAN
D.S. al Fine
Go back to the sign. End at Fine
143. THE MARINE’S HYMN
Link to mp3 Files
Rudiments
62
146. AMAZING GRACE
145. EINE KLEINE NACHTMUSIK - MOZART
144. AMERICA
Link to mp3 Files
Rudiments
63
Review
Check the facts
Diminuendo
This is a fermata This means to gradually get louder
This means to gradually get louder
A. True B. False A. True B. False A. True B. False
Music Math Quiz ( assuming 4/4 time)
- + =
X - =
M
A
T
C
H
I
N
G
Crescendo o o Majestically
Maestoso
o o
o o
Decrescendo
o o
D.S. o o
Check Your Answers
64
SONGS TO PLAY
Songs to Play selections are not available in the free edition of Sound
Fundamentals . You are encouraged to explore the large selection of quality music for beginning and young bands available at
http://pdfbandmusic.com.
Recommended Beginning Band titles:
Fanfare on ‘Deck the Halls’
‘bout Time for Christmas
March Centaur
Holiday Spirit
Bingo Rocks
Banuwa
Hollow Penyo Hop
A Little Cha Cha
Acclaim
Deep Water Bridge
March Onward
Not Now Mama
Radiant Fanfare
Stick Men
78
Answers
Circle the note that will complete the measure
1 2 3 4
Music Math Quiz
+ - = 5
+ + = 10
Whole rest
o o
M
A
T
C
H
I
N
G
Time signature o o
Staff o o
Quarter rest
o o
Back to Quiz Page
5 6 7 8
79
Review
Draw the missing bar lines
Back to Quiz
Complete the measures with one note
Enter the correct sticking:
Paradiddles Flams
80
Review
Music Math Quiz ( assuming 4/4 time)
+ x = 12
+ - = 2 1/2
medium soft
o o M
A
T
C
H
I
N
G
loud
o o
staccato
o o
fermata
o o
soft o o
medium loud o o
Back to Quiz
Name the following rudiments
1.
2. 3.
Paradiddle Flam Tap Flam Accent
Name the following rudiments
4.
5. 6.
Nine stroke roll Double Paradiddle Flam
81
Review
Check the facts
Diminuendo
This is a fermata This means to gradually get louder
This means to gradually get louder
A. True B. False A. True B. False A. True B. False
Music Math Quiz ( assuming 4/4 time)
- + = 6 1/2
X - = 2 1/2
M
A
T
C
H
I
N
G
Crescendo o o Majestically
Maestoso
o o
o o
Decrescendo
o o
D.S. o o
Back to Quiz