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6

Source of energy

Vibrating body

Resonator

3 Ahmad Sayuti Anshari Nasution, Bunyi Bahasa (Jakarta: UIN Jakarta Press, 2010) hal. 29

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7

.

severe articulation disoders

.

6 Abdul Chaer, Sosiolinguistik: Perkenalan Awal, (Jakarta: PT Rineka Cipta, 1993) hal. 11 7 Suhendra Yusuf, Fonetik dan Fonologi (Jakarta: PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama, 1998) hal. 2

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8

general phonetics

9 Ahmad Sayuti Anshari Nasution, Bunyi Bahasa.hal. 3-5

من حيث تحديد البحث

الأصوات العام

الأصوات الخاص

من حيث الصفات

النظرية

التطبقي

من حيث المعني

فونيتيك

فونولوجي

من حيث المناهج

الوصفي

التاريخي

المقارن

التقابلي

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phonology

phonetics

1

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10

11

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loudnesspitchtimber

/a/, /i/, /u/

1

1

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/a/,

/i/, /u/‌/ᾶ/, /ῖ/, /ῦ/

// /ᾶ/

///ῦ/

// /ῖ/‌

‌

(Lips/bibir atas dan bawah)

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(Teeth/gigi)

(Teeth-ridge/gusi)

(Hard palate/langit-langit keras)

(Soft palate/langit-langit lunak)

(Uvula/tekak, anak lidah)

(Tip of tongue/ujung lidah)

8. (Blade of tongue/pinggir lidah)‌

(Front of tongue/tengah lidah)

(Back of tongue/pangkal lidah)

(Root of tongue/akar lidah)

(Pharynx/tenggorokan)

(Epiglottis)

41. (Position of vocal cords/posisi pita suara)

(Position of larynx/kerongkongan)

(Windpipe/pipa udara)

(Lungs/paru-paru)

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14

ch

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Deskripsi

Bilabial, hambat, bersuara

Bilabial, nasal, bersuara‌

Labio-dental, geseran, tak

bersuara‌

Inter-dentals, geseran, tak

bersuara‌

Inter-dental, geseran, bersuara‌

Inter-dentals, geseran, bersuara,

velarized‌

1

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Apiko-alveo-dental, hambat, tak

bersuara‌

Apiko-alveo-dental, hambat,

bersuara‌

Apiko-alveo-dental, hambat, tak

bersuara, velarized‌

Apiko-alveo-dental, hambat,

bersuara, velarized‌

Apiko-alveo-dental, samping,

bersuara‌

Apiko-alveo-dental, nasal,

bersuara‌

Apiko-alveolar, geseran,

bersuara‌

Apiko-alveolar, geseran, tak

bersuara‌

Apiko-alveolar, geseran, tak

bersuara, velarized‌

Apiko-alveolar, getar, bersuara‌

Lamino-palatal, paduan,

bersuara‌

Lamino-palatal, geseran, tak

bersuara‌

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Medio-palatal, geseran, bersuara‌

Dorso-velar, geseran, tak

bersuara‌

Dorso-velar, geseran, bersuara‌

Dorso-velar, hambat, tak

bersuara‌

Dorso-velar, geseran, bersuara‌

Dorso-uvular, hambat, tak

bersuara‌

Rooto-pharyngeal, geseran, tak

bersuara‌

Rooto-pharyngeal, geseran,

bersuara‌

Glotal, hambat, antara bersuara

dan tak bersuara‌

Glotal, geseran, tak bersuara‌

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Sumenep

PamekasanBangkalanKangean

bh, dh, Dh, gh, jh

19 Akhmad Sofyan, Fonologi Bahasa Madura, Jurnal, (Jember: Tidak diterbitkan, 2010) hal. 208 20

Adrian Pawitra, Kamus Lengkap Bahasa Madura-Indonesia “Dengan Ejaan Bahasa Madura

Tepat Ucap”, (Jakarta: Dian Rakyat, 2009) hal. xviii

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stress

consonant[bh], [jh], [dh], [g], [j], [d], [b]double

consonant[jj] [dd][bb]

vocal/u/, /ᴐ/, /i/, /ә/, /ԑ/, /a/. 4‌

Vocal

keccap

/u/, /ᴐ/, /i/, /ә/, /ԑ/, /a‌ ‌ .

/u/ /i/

/ᴐ//ә//ԑ/

/a/

21

Balai Bahasa Surabaya, Tata Bahasa Madura, (Sidoarjo: Balai Bahasa Surabaya,2008) hal. 2 22 Akhmad Sofyan, Fonologi Bahasa Madura, Jurnal, 208

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alofon

[i], [ԑ], [ә], [a], [ȃ], [u], [ᴐ]‌.

[i], [e],,‌[u], [o][ẽ], [ᾶ], [ῖ], [Õ].‌

‌

‌

[u]‌/u/ ‌[i]‌/i/‌

[I]‌

[U]‌[ῖ]‌

[o]‌/ᴐ/‌/ә/‌/ә/‌[e]‌/ԑ/‌

[ᴐ]‌[ԑ]‌

[Õ]‌[ẽ]‌

[ȃ]‌/a/‌

[a]‌

[ᾶ]‌

Tapay‌Nyaynyay‌-‌-‌ay‌

kᴐmpᴐy‌lᴐylᴐy -‌-‌yᴐ‌

kerbhuy‌-‌-‌-‌-‌Uy‌

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Consonant

sabȃb lᴐbȃr‌bȃrȃ‌b‌

--mᴐncar‌cangkem‌c‌

morȇd‌budu‌dȃrȃ‌d‌

wakaf‌kafan‌fakȇ‌f‌

--anggȃ‌gambus‌g‌

--ahȇr‌halal‌h‌

--paju‌ jȃdiyȃ‌J‌

tekᴐ‌sakȇ‌kᴐrang‌k‌

kapal‌malᴐ‌larang‌l

dȃlem‌ambu‌marȇ‌m‌

papan‌pȇnang‌nȇser‌n‌

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kȇlap‌nᴐmpa‌pȇrȇng‌p‌

-‌-‌furqan‌quran‌q‌

‌kasor‌sarȇ‌rammȇ‌r‌

‌bherrȃs‌mᴐsᴐ‌sȇyang‌s‌

‌sȇsȇt‌matta‌tȇkos‌t‌

-‌-‌rȇvolusi‌vitamin‌v‌

-‌-‌tᴐwa‌wȃjib‌w‌

-‌-‌rȇya‌yakin‌y‌

-‌-‌mu’jizat‌zakat‌z

-‌-‌khlasȇ‌khᴐsᴐ‌Kh

sarong‌bȃngal‌ngodȃ‌ng‌

-‌-‌bȃnnyak‌nyaman‌ny‌

-‌-‌masyarakat‌syarat‌sy‌

-‌-‌cabbhi‌bhȃrȃ‌bh‌

-‌-‌bhudhu‌dhȃdhȃ‌dh‌

-‌-‌aḍdhu‌hendhengḍ‌hḍ‌

-‌-‌bighi‌ghȃghȃman‌gh‌

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-‌-‌Tajhin‌jhȃrȃn‌jh‌

p, t, c, j, k, q, ?, f, s, sy, x, h

b, bh, dh, d, t, jh, z, dz, g, gh

bilabialw, m, p, b, bh

–labiodentalf

–apikodentaldh

apikoalveolarn, l, r, t, d, ṭ

laminoalveolars,z

–apiko-palatalḍ

mediopalataly, ň, š, c, j, jh

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darsovelarƞ, x, g, gh, k

uvularq

glottalh, ?

p, b, bh, dh, t, d, ṭ, c, j, jh, k, q, ?

f, s, z, ḍ, š, x, g, gh, h

m, n, ň, ƞ

r

l

w, y

"Borrowing Language‌." ‌

26 Bloomfield. Language. Unmim University Book. Great Britain, 1987. Hal. 463

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BorrowingEmprunt

InnovationLoan

Words

2

2

2

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protesis

epentesisparagog

scholaescuela

afesis

syncopeacacopesnow

now

30 Muhammad Ali al Khuli, A Dictionary of Theoretical Linguistic, (Beirut: Libraire du Liban,

1991) hal. 155

33 Siswanto. dkk, Pengantar Fonologi. (Surakarta: Cakrawala Media, 2012) hal. 64-65

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27

meja

jaja

Permutasisekretarissekertaris

nutritixnutrix

inlegal

illegal

purpur

purple

[g]

/T /

/t /