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““SOURCES OF ENERGY”SOURCES OF ENERGY”RENEWABLE AND NON RENEWABLERENEWABLE AND NON RENEWABLE

sources

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Types of resources.Problems of Non-renewable energy & methods to reduce pollution and conserve resources.

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Learning ObjectivesLearning Objectives

To understand what a resource is.To understand the difference between non-renewable and renewable resources.To understand the advantages/disadvantages of using non-renewable energy.To understand how we can conserve resources/reduce pollution.

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What is a resource???What is a resource???

A) Things that humans can use.A) Things that humans can use.

B) Fuel supplies already B) Fuel supplies already discovered that can be used in discovered that can be used in the future.the future.

C) Recovery of waste products C) Recovery of waste products to convert into materials that to convert into materials that can be used again.can be used again.

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Why has Resource use Increased?

Population IncreaseIncrease in TechnologyIncrease in purchasing power in LEDCsIncrease in disposable income.

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Energy Energy

EnergyEnergy creates the power to drive tools creates the power to drive tools and machines, to process materials into and machines, to process materials into manufactured products and to create manufactured products and to create structures. structures.

PowerPower is generated from nonrenewable is generated from nonrenewable energy sources such as coal, oil, and gas, energy sources such as coal, oil, and gas, or can be generated from natural or can be generated from natural resources such as geothermal, solar, and resources such as geothermal, solar, and gravitational energies.gravitational energies.

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Classifications of Energy Classifications of Energy Sources :Sources :

Limited Limited Oil

CoalNatural gas

Uranium

UnlimitedUnlimited SolarWind

GravitationalTidal

GeothermalFusion

RenewableRenewable Wood

Biomass gasificationAnimal PowerHuman Muscle

Power

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The Role of Renewable Energy Consumption in the Nation's Energy Supply, 2007

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Energy use increase as a country Energy use increase as a country develops :develops :

A) As countries become more developed there is a A) As countries become more developed there is a greater demand for energy because people get more greater demand for energy because people get more materialistic and buy more products which use materialistic and buy more products which use energy both in their manufacture as well as in their energy both in their manufacture as well as in their use. For example, people will buy labour saving use. For example, people will buy labour saving devices like cars and dishwashers. These both use devices like cars and dishwashers. These both use up energy when they are made and every time they up energy when they are made and every time they are used. Also, as countries develop their industries are used. Also, as countries develop their industries develop and industry is a large consumer of energy.develop and industry is a large consumer of energy.

B) As countries get richer they use more energy B) As countries get richer they use more energy because everybody gets cars and electrical goods.because everybody gets cars and electrical goods.

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These both use lots of oil and electricity, so this is why energy use will increase.

C) Energy use might increase as a country gets more developed because when a country gets richer its population increases dramatically. This rise in population means that more coal and gas is needed to heat their homes. They will also need lots more petrol and diesel to fuel all the extra cars and lorries that will be on the road.

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Classification of ResourcesClassification of Resources

Natural resources are Classified by two types :-

Renewable resource

Non-renewable resource

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What is Renewable Energy?Renewable energy is energy created from Renewable energy is energy created from natural sources. This includes sunlight, natural sources. This includes sunlight, wind, rain, tides and geothermal heat. With wind, rain, tides and geothermal heat. With global warming, such as climate change, global warming, such as climate change, concerns linked to high oil prices, the drive concerns linked to high oil prices, the drive for more renewable energy is being lobbied for more renewable energy is being lobbied by local governments. Not only would by local governments. Not only would renewable energy help with the global renewable energy help with the global warming concerns, but also may help turn warming concerns, but also may help turn around the recent economic crisis. This around the recent economic crisis. This would mean less money spent on expensive would mean less money spent on expensive fossil fuels and more focus on renewable fossil fuels and more focus on renewable energy sources.energy sources.

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What is meant by the term What is meant by the term Non-Renewable Energy???Non-Renewable Energy???

A) Resources which cannot be used A) Resources which cannot be used again and again, like water and wind.again and again, like water and wind.

B) Fossil fuels like coal, oil and gas, B) Fossil fuels like coal, oil and gas, which are finite, and will eventually which are finite, and will eventually run out are examples. Once they have run out are examples. Once they have been used they can’t be used again.been used they can’t be used again.

C) Fossil fuels made from trees and C) Fossil fuels made from trees and plants.plants.

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Advantages of Natural Resources:

Renewable

Cheap to operate

Clean

Do not damage the environment

Non renewable

• Very cheap

• Efficient

• Can produce a lot of energy in a short time

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Disadvantages of Natural Resources :

Renewable

Expensive to build Can be noisy Generally unattractive Does not produce

‘lots’ of energy

Non renewable

They will run out• Very ‘dirty’ Harmful to the

environment

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Energy sources :

17%

9%

1%

32%

41%coal

nuclear

HEP and otherrenewablesoil

natural gas

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Non-renewable energy resources :

Non-renewable types of energy can only be used once. There is a finite amount of these materials on the Earth so they will run out eventually.Non-renewable resources make up approximately 95% of the world’s energy.

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fossil fuels

nuclearcoal

gasoil

fuelwood

Non-renewable energy

biomass

mineral

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Fossil fuels – How much is left ?

1950

2000

2050

2100

2150

2200

NaturalGas

Oil Coal

ESTIMATEDRESERVES

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NONRENEWABLE NONRENEWABLE RESOURCES:RESOURCES:

COAL COAL Although coal is found in many places Although coal is found in many places

throughout the world, nearly half of it is throughout the world, nearly half of it is located in the United States. Of the 700 located in the United States. Of the 700 million tons of coal mined each year in million tons of coal mined each year in the United States, two- thirds is burned the United States, two- thirds is burned to fuel electric generating plants. The to fuel electric generating plants. The remainder is used to provide heat for remainder is used to provide heat for buildings and to make steel and other buildings and to make steel and other industrial products.industrial products.

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NONRENEWABLE NONRENEWABLE RESOURCES:RESOURCES:

GEOTHERMAL POWER GEOTHERMAL POWER Geothermal energy comes from the Geothermal energy comes from the

tremendous heat trapped deep within tremendous heat trapped deep within the earth. Natural steam geysers are the earth. Natural steam geysers are used to generate electricity. Hot water used to generate electricity. Hot water can also be pumped out of the ground can also be pumped out of the ground to heat buildings. Geothermal sources to heat buildings. Geothermal sources account for less than 1 % of the total account for less than 1 % of the total energy produced In the United States. energy produced In the United States. Most of the sources are in the western Most of the sources are in the western third of the nation.third of the nation.

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NONRENEWABLE NONRENEWABLE RESOURCES:RESOURCES:

NATURAL GASNATURAL GAS It is estimated that there is only enough It is estimated that there is only enough

natural gas in the world to last for 20 natural gas in the world to last for 20 more years. Most of the recoverable more years. Most of the recoverable supplies are found In the U.S.S.R., the supplies are found In the U.S.S.R., the Middle East, and the United States. Middle East, and the United States. Natural gas provides about 32% of the Natural gas provides about 32% of the total energy used in the United States. total energy used in the United States. Some natural gas is used for home Some natural gas is used for home heating and cooking, but most is used heating and cooking, but most is used in industry.in industry.

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NONRENEWABLE NONRENEWABLE RESOURCES:RESOURCES:

NUCLEAR POWER NUCLEAR POWER Nuclear power requires uranium as Nuclear power requires uranium as

the fuel source. When uranium the fuel source. When uranium atoms are split (fission), heat is atoms are split (fission), heat is released. Water is circulated released. Water is circulated through the reactor to keep it cool. through the reactor to keep it cool. As the water turns to steam, it is As the water turns to steam, it is forced through a turbine to generate forced through a turbine to generate electricity. There are 52 nuclear electricity. There are 52 nuclear generating plants, which provide generating plants, which provide about 1 % of our total energy in the about 1 % of our total energy in the United States. United States.

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Ten things about Fossil Ten things about Fossil Fuels:Fuels:

Three main types: oil; coal; natural gas Three main types: oil; coal; natural gas Take millions of years to formTake millions of years to formCannot be replaced once used: non-renewableCannot be replaced once used: non-renewableFound beneath the groundFound beneath the groundCan be difficult to get toCan be difficult to get toBurnt to give off heatBurnt to give off heatBurnt in power stations to generate electricityBurnt in power stations to generate electricityGive off carbon dioxide when burntGive off carbon dioxide when burntFuelwood is a fossil fuelFuelwood is a fossil fuelOne day they could run outOne day they could run out

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Disadvantages of using fossil Disadvantages of using fossil fuels: fuels:

Acid Rain (due to pollution)Acid Rain (due to pollution)

Global Warming (due to Global Warming (due to pollution)pollution)

Resource depletion & Resource depletion & competitioncompetition

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Acid Rain

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How can acid rain be How can acid rain be managed?managed?

fluidized bed technology

(limestone is burnt with the coal so that the sulfur remains with the limestone)

gas flue desulfurization (water is sprayed down the

chimneys and this turns the gases to sulfuric and nitric acids)

use less energy more efficiently

• use more nuclear or renewable energy

burn coal that contains less sulfur

construct taller chimneys

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Global Warming

The warming of the Earth’s atmosphere, probably due to increased emissions of carbon dioxide.

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Greenhouse Effect

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Permafrost ground will melt, causing massive landslides. Oil pipelines, houses and road foundations will be disintegrated

Arctic ice cap melts.

Rising temperatures worldwide would cause ski resorts to be wrecked as heat will melt the snow & ice there.

Forests are damaged by heat and drought

Bangladesh is already prone to flooding, so rising water levels could devastate the country.

Water shortages in the Middle East would cause the River Nile to dry up due to intense evaporation.

Mediterranean beaches will vanish as water levels rise.Sahara desert could move

northwards, even as far as Spain.

Heavy storms not only threaten southern USA, but also the insurance companies in the area face bankruptcy.

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Below are a list of things that could be done to try to tackle global warming.

Switch off lights & appliances

Taxes on high polluting industries

Choose energy efficient appliances

Sign up to the Kyoto Protocol

Recycle

Use less fossil fuels and more renewable energy sources

Use energy efficient transport

Car sharing

Improved public transport

Higher taxes on polluting cars

Grants for businesses that have clean policies

Energy efficient light bulbs

Offset carbon emissions

Local Holidays

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Why it is important to reduce the Why it is important to reduce the amount of carbon dioxide being amount of carbon dioxide being released?released? A) A) It is important to reduce the amount of CO2 because It is important to reduce the amount of CO2 because

it is one of the greenhouse gases that is responsible for it is one of the greenhouse gases that is responsible for accelerating the natural greenhouse effect which is accelerating the natural greenhouse effect which is causing global warming.causing global warming.

B) It is important to reduce the amount of CO2 because B) It is important to reduce the amount of CO2 because it is one of the greenhouse gases that is responsible for it is one of the greenhouse gases that is responsible for causing a hole in the earth’s ozone layer which is causing a hole in the earth’s ozone layer which is causing global warming.causing global warming.

C) It is important to reduce the amount of CO2 because C) It is important to reduce the amount of CO2 because It is responsible forIt is responsible for causing acid rain which erodes causing acid rain which erodes buildings.buildings.

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How else can we preserve How else can we preserve resources and reduce resources and reduce

pollution?pollution?Resource Resource SubstitutionSubstitution

This is where you use one product in place of another one. This is where you use one product in place of another one. For example using aluminium instead of tin cans as it is For example using aluminium instead of tin cans as it is cheaper and easier to recycle.cheaper and easier to recycle.

RecyclingRecycling Recovery of waste products by converting them into Recovery of waste products by converting them into materials that can be used again. For example glass bottles, materials that can be used again. For example glass bottles, aluminium cans (only uses 5% of energy it takes to make aluminium cans (only uses 5% of energy it takes to make them from scratch)them from scratch)

Energy Energy EfficiencyEfficiency

Measures to reduce heat and energy loss. Individually this Measures to reduce heat and energy loss. Individually this means switching off lights, using low energy light bulbs, means switching off lights, using low energy light bulbs, insulating our homes. Also government has introduced insulating our homes. Also government has introduced building regulations and energy efficiency ratings on building regulations and energy efficiency ratings on electrical products, more energy efficient cars – car in electrical products, more energy efficient cars – car in Europe is on average 90% cleaner than 10 years ago.Europe is on average 90% cleaner than 10 years ago.

Reducing Reducing PollutionPollution

Measures to stop emission reaching atmosphere or cleaning Measures to stop emission reaching atmosphere or cleaning the emissions before they do. For example. fitting giant the emissions before they do. For example. fitting giant scrubbers on coal power stations, trying to switch from coal scrubbers on coal power stations, trying to switch from coal to gas power stations and fitting catalytic converters to cars.to gas power stations and fitting catalytic converters to cars.

Alternative Alternative Energy Energy SourcesSources

Energy sources that can be used instead of fossil fuels. Energy sources that can be used instead of fossil fuels. These can include nuclear or renewable sources such as These can include nuclear or renewable sources such as wind or solar.wind or solar.

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Renewable Energy ResourcesRenewable Energy Resources

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Thank you………Thank you………