Sources of Energy for the Chemical Industries

Dr. Lek Wantha

2

Energy Consumption in the World

3

Energy Consumption in Thailand

Industry Household Transportation Other0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

19972011

4

Energy Consumption in Thailand

5

6

7

Energy Requirement in Industries

Thermal power Steam & hot water Burning various fuel

Coal Coke Natural gas

Electrical power Major source of energy Electrochemical and

electrostatic phenomena

Mechanical power Crushing Grinding Mixing Centrifuge Pump Fan Blower

8

Thermal Power

Steam turbine

9

Electrical Power

Thailand electricity generation by sources in 2011

10

Classified of Energy Sources

11

Classified of Energy Sources

Non-renewable Energy

Fossil fuel Solid

Natural form Processed form

Liquid Petroleum oil

Gas Natural gas

Nuclear power

Renewable Energy Biomass Hydro energy Solar energy Geothermal energy Marine energy Wind energy Bio-energy

12

Classified of Energy Sources

Fossil fuel

MaterialMass Percent

Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen

Lignite 71 5 24

Sub-bituminous 74 5 21

Bituminous 84 5 11

Anthracite 94 3 3

Classified of Energy Sources

13

Distribution of Energy in Thailand

Central(517.83 million tons)

North (1,723.64 million tons)

South(16.65 million

tons)

Gulf of Thailand (47,843,000 barrel)

Central(57,218,000 barrel)

North(1,700,000 barrel)

Crude Oil Coal

14

Gas Form

North sea The Netherlands

Libya Algeria

Methane 94.8 81.7 71.4 86.5

Ethane 3 2.7 16 9.4

Propane 0.6 0.4 7.9 2.6

Butanes 0.2 0.1 3.4 1.1

Pentanes 0.2 1.1 1.3 0.1

Nitrogen 1.2 14 - 0.3

Percentage composition of some commercial natural gas

15

Distribution of Natural Gas in Thailand

Gulf of Thailand, 11676.19

North- East; 601.12 Central; 201.79

In billion cubic ft.

16

Renewable Energy Sources

Renewable Energy

(7%)

Nuclear power (5%)

Energy sources

Coal, gas, oil (88%)

17

Biomass Conversion

Bio-conversion

Fermentation

Ethanol

Anaerobic bacteria

CH4

CO2

Thermal conversion

Combusti

onWood burni

ng

Pyrolysis

Charcoal

Liquefaction

Bio-oil

Gasification

LHV

MHV

BiomassIndigenousStored energyFlexibleCapture CO2

Agricultural skills

MHV: medium heating valueLHV: low heating value

18

Hydro Energy

16.4% in Thailand

19

Solar Energy

20

Solar collectors

21

Geothermal Energy

22

Marine Energy

23

Wind Energy

24

Bioenergy

25

Nuclear Energy

nuclear power plant

26

Sources

Kiattikomol, R. Chemical process industry. Faculty of Engineer, Burapha University.

http://www.eppo.go.th/info/cd-2012/Energy%20Statistics%20of%20Thailand%202012.pdf

http://www.eia.gov/countries/cab.cfm?fips=THhttp://www.forteachersforstudents.com.au/CEC-

Education/efficiency.php