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SOURCES OF EVIDENCE 1. Universality 2. Unique predictions.

Date post: 17-Jan-2016
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Page 1: SOURCES OF EVIDENCE 1. Universality 2. Unique predictions.
Page 2: SOURCES OF EVIDENCE 1. Universality 2. Unique predictions.
Page 3: SOURCES OF EVIDENCE 1. Universality 2. Unique predictions.

SOURCES OF EVIDENCE

1. Universality2. Unique predictions

Page 4: SOURCES OF EVIDENCE 1. Universality 2. Unique predictions.

sex differences in reproductive behavior are universal

Implies that they are built into the genetic code of our species

E.g. mating style differences(Clark & Hatfield study)

Page 5: SOURCES OF EVIDENCE 1. Universality 2. Unique predictions.

<catch Figure 11.3>

Page 6: SOURCES OF EVIDENCE 1. Universality 2. Unique predictions.

Only EP makes certain predictions about sex differences

No prediction from other psychological theories

Page 7: SOURCES OF EVIDENCE 1. Universality 2. Unique predictions.

Class survey

“I HAVE BAD NEWS”

Which is worse ?

Page 8: SOURCES OF EVIDENCE 1. Universality 2. Unique predictions.

-studies of personal ads

Men – ask for younger

Women – ask for older

Page 9: SOURCES OF EVIDENCE 1. Universality 2. Unique predictions.

Men tend to agree with each other and are not influenced by other factors

Women’s judgments of attractiveness are influenced by other features (eg a man’s personality, wealth)

Page 10: SOURCES OF EVIDENCE 1. Universality 2. Unique predictions.

Fact: Women say they want nice guys

Q: Do they really?

Page 11: SOURCES OF EVIDENCE 1. Universality 2. Unique predictions.

In the pretest, women subjects said that their main criterion for a partner was “a nice guy”

Then they were asked to observe videos of men in discussion groups

They rated the attractiveness of a certain guy

Kenrick’s Videotape Study

Page 12: SOURCES OF EVIDENCE 1. Universality 2. Unique predictions.

Dominant & nasty Dominant & nice

Submissive & nasty Submissive & nice

Page 13: SOURCES OF EVIDENCE 1. Universality 2. Unique predictions.

Dominant men were rated as more attractive

Niceness did not make a difference

BUT -- depends on expected length of relationship (one date vs. lifetime relationship)

Page 14: SOURCES OF EVIDENCE 1. Universality 2. Unique predictions.
Page 15: SOURCES OF EVIDENCE 1. Universality 2. Unique predictions.

Why would it be important?

EP predicts that males should care a lot

Page 16: SOURCES OF EVIDENCE 1. Universality 2. Unique predictions.

•Took photos of subjects

•Morphed some of them into baby pictures

Page 17: SOURCES OF EVIDENCE 1. Universality 2. Unique predictions.

STEP 1

Took photos of student subjects

Morphed some of them into baby pictures

Page 18: SOURCES OF EVIDENCE 1. Universality 2. Unique predictions.
Page 19: SOURCES OF EVIDENCE 1. Universality 2. Unique predictions.

Brought the same subjects back to rate baby pictures

One picture is a morph of the subject & baby face

Subjects were asked to rate: Which baby is more attractive ? Which baby would you adopt ? Which baby would you spend money on

?

Page 20: SOURCES OF EVIDENCE 1. Universality 2. Unique predictions.

MALESShowed strong preference for child

resembling them

FEMALESShowed no preference by

resemblance

Page 21: SOURCES OF EVIDENCE 1. Universality 2. Unique predictions.

T.V. remote?

Bath or shower?

Shoes?

Page 22: SOURCES OF EVIDENCE 1. Universality 2. Unique predictions.
Page 23: SOURCES OF EVIDENCE 1. Universality 2. Unique predictions.

1. PARENTAL INVESTMENT

The sex that contributes more to raising offspring

– is more discriminating in sexual mate choice.

Page 24: SOURCES OF EVIDENCE 1. Universality 2. Unique predictions.

Females are more certain that a baby is theirs

But Males are not sure and so have to be more concerned

They need to avoid wasting their resources on unrelated offspring

e.g. Maury Povich T.V. show

Page 25: SOURCES OF EVIDENCE 1. Universality 2. Unique predictions.

!

Page 26: SOURCES OF EVIDENCE 1. Universality 2. Unique predictions.

Unique form of emotional attachment to sexual partners

Adaptive for sustaining the relationship

Otherwise the offspring won’t survive

Page 27: SOURCES OF EVIDENCE 1. Universality 2. Unique predictions.
Page 28: SOURCES OF EVIDENCE 1. Universality 2. Unique predictions.

Parental investment sex vs. relationship focus casual sex age preferences

Parental certainty Jealousy Self-similarity of baby

Pair-bonding attachment & love


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