SOUTH AFRICA and APARTEID

South AfricaSouth AfricaMost developed and wealthiest nation in AfricaMost developed and wealthiest nation in Africa

Quick Early HistoryQuick Early History

Europeans came in 1600Europeans came in 1600’’s (Dutch, s (Dutch, Germans, French) and came to be known Germans, French) and came to be known as as AfrikanersAfrikaners or or BoersBoers . .

In late 1800In late 1800’’s gold was discovered and s gold was discovered and British, arrived (Rioneks). British, arrived (Rioneks).

In 1961, South Africa achieved In 1961, South Africa achieved independence from Britain, but not from independence from Britain, but not from white domination. white domination.

Beginnings of ApartheidBeginnings of Apartheid In 1948, the white minority government In 1948, the white minority government

instituted a policy of apartheid instituted a policy of apartheid complete separation of the races. complete separation of the races.

It banned social contact between blacks It banned social contact between blacks and whites and whites segregated schools, hospitals, and segregated schools, hospitals, and

neighborhoods. neighborhoods. the blacks made up 70% of the population, the blacks made up 70% of the population,

they received only a small amount of the they received only a small amount of the land, keeping the best land for the whites.land, keeping the best land for the whites.

Apartheid laws Apartheid laws determineddetermined

Where you could live- townships, homelandsWhere you could live- townships, homelands Whom you could marry (even who you could Whom you could marry (even who you could

sleep with- immortality act)sleep with- immortality act) Whom you could do business withWhom you could do business with Restricted land ownershipRestricted land ownership Police powers including arresting people Police powers including arresting people

without a trialwithout a trial Restriction of movement – had to have passesRestriction of movement – had to have passes

Regulation of living conditions, separate Regulation of living conditions, separate entrances for non whitesentrances for non whites

Regulation of pay and types of jobs for blacksRegulation of pay and types of jobs for blacks Lack of recognition for black labor unionsLack of recognition for black labor unions Denied any representation of nonwhites in the Denied any representation of nonwhites in the

national governmentnational government What you could learn in school. What you could learn in school.

““Science has proven that the black mind cannot Science has proven that the black mind cannot learn at the same level as the white people.learn at the same level as the white people.””

Blacks learned how to wash clothes and build Blacks learned how to wash clothes and build things. things.

Only enough math to count changeOnly enough math to count change

Many white and black South Africans fought apartheid through peaceful protest but well armed South African army responded with deadly force.

Indians and ColoredsIndians and Coloreds 13% population Skilled jobs, secondary education Marriage illegal until 1980s 1980s right to vote Separated even from blacks Colored are the “lowest”

No ethnic groups claim them

AfricansAfricans

70% population Could not vote, little education, menial jobs Passbooks 1958 forced to live on reserves (homelands) Reserves = 13% South Africa’s land. Poor

land, limited farming, few facilities such as factories, modern roads, schools and hospitals

Black Society = poverty, struggling each day to feed their families, denied education, housing, and high-paying jobs

What is the problem?What is the problem?

ResistanceResistance

In 1912, the blacks In 1912, the blacks founded the African founded the African National Congress (ANC) National Congress (ANC) to fight for their rights.to fight for their rights.

• Resistance Movement = civil disobedience, strikes, boycotts, and nonviolent demonstrations

ResistanceResistance In 1949, Nelson Mandela emerged as one of the In 1949, Nelson Mandela emerged as one of the

leaders of the ANC and he led the struggle to end leaders of the ANC and he led the struggle to end apartheid that resulted in his being imprisoned.apartheid that resulted in his being imprisoned.

Soweto (SOuth WEstern TOwnship)Soweto (SOuth WEstern TOwnship)on the outskirts of Johannesburg. on the outskirts of Johannesburg.

It is the largest black urban centre in the country and was the It is the largest black urban centre in the country and was the centre of resistance against Apartheid during the 70's and 80's. centre of resistance against Apartheid during the 70's and 80's.

International PressureInternational Pressure

By the 1980By the 1980’’s, nations around the world s, nations around the world pressured South Africa to end apartheid.pressured South Africa to end apartheid.

So what could the rest of the world do?So what could the rest of the world do? ItIt’’s another independent country- what can be done?s another independent country- what can be done?

Apartheid EndsApartheid EndsIn 1989 In 1989 Mr. DeKlerkMr. DeKlerk became prime became prime

minister, and started making minister, and started making changes, even though he was under changes, even though he was under a lot of pressure not to.a lot of pressure not to.

He released He released Nelson MandelaNelson Mandela who had who had been in prison 20 years for protesting been in prison 20 years for protesting Apartheid. Apartheid.

1990-91 all Apartheid laws were 1990-91 all Apartheid laws were removedremoved

Majority RuleMajority Rule

An election that An election that involved members of involved members of all races took place all races took place in 1994, making in 1994, making Nelson Mandela the Nelson Mandela the first black President first black President of South Africa.of South Africa.

de Klerk is sworn in as deputy president.

Lingering ProblemsLingering Problems

The policy of apartheid has hurt the The policy of apartheid has hurt the economy of South Africa.economy of South Africa.

Many countries imposed sanctions to not Many countries imposed sanctions to not do business with or invest in South Africa do business with or invest in South Africa during apartheid.during apartheid.

Apartheid led to poor education of blacks, Apartheid led to poor education of blacks, creating an uneducated mass of young creating an uneducated mass of young people.people.