SOUTH CAROLINASOUTH CAROLINANATIVE AMERICANSNATIVE AMERICANS

Native Americans were divided into Native Americans were divided into regional groups based on where they regional groups based on where they lived and the languages they spokelived and the languages they spoke

South Carolina Native Americans were South Carolina Native Americans were part of the group known as the Eastern part of the group known as the Eastern Woodlands Indians (because they were Woodlands Indians (because they were forest dwellers)forest dwellers)

Their geography and natural resources Their geography and natural resources determined their way of lifedetermined their way of life

-Rivers were used for -Rivers were used for transportation and fishing – dugouts transportation and fishing – dugouts made from tree trunks were their made from tree trunks were their mode of travelling the riversmode of travelling the rivers

wood and rocks used to make tools wood and rocks used to make tools for hunting and farmingfor hunting and farming

Housing – made from tree bark and Housing – made from tree bark and

animal hidesanimal hides

Eastern Woodland Indians provided for their Eastern Woodland Indians provided for their families by:families by:

1. Hunting (mainly deer) and fishing – the 1. Hunting (mainly deer) and fishing – the main hunting tool was the bow and main hunting tool was the bow and arrow arrow

2. Farming – corn was the primary crop along 2. Farming – corn was the primary crop along with pole beans and squash with pole beans and squash (the three sisters) (the three sisters)

Eastern Woodland Indians lived in Eastern Woodland Indians lived in permanent villages because they had permanent villages because they had learned how to farm…the did not have to learned how to farm…the did not have to be nomadic like their ancestorsbe nomadic like their ancestorsThey worked the land together, they DID They worked the land together, they DID NOT BELIEVE IN PRIVATE OWNERSHIP OF NOT BELIEVE IN PRIVATE OWNERSHIP OF LANDLANDWoodland Indians cut trees and burned Woodland Indians cut trees and burned brush (called slash and burn) to create brush (called slash and burn) to create farmland or drive out animals and clear farmland or drive out animals and clear land for farmingland for farmingWomen – gathered nuts and berries and Women – gathered nuts and berries and were the principal farmers, using hoes were the principal farmers, using hoes made of bonemade of boneNative Americans built palisades around Native Americans built palisades around their villages for protectiontheir villages for protection

The three most important tribes in South The three most important tribes in South Carolina were the: Carolina were the:

Cherokee (in the mountains)Cherokee (in the mountains)

the Catawba (of the piedmont) and the the Catawba (of the piedmont) and the

Yemassee (on the coast)Yemassee (on the coast)

CHEROKEECHEROKEELived in large villages (up to 600 people) Lived in large villages (up to 600 people) surrounded by a palisade for protectionsurrounded by a palisade for protection

Summer homes were open to the airSummer homes were open to the airWinter homes were round structures with Winter homes were round structures with walls made of DAUB (clay and grass) and walls made of DAUB (clay and grass) and roofs made of bark and branches called roofs made of bark and branches called

WATTLEWATTLELeaders of the village met in a council to Leaders of the village met in a council to

make rules for the people. WOMEN could make rules for the people. WOMEN could be members of the councilbe members of the council

A WHITE CHIEF ruled during peace time and a A WHITE CHIEF ruled during peace time and a RED CHIEF ruled during times of warRED CHIEF ruled during times of warEach village had a holy man or woman called a Each village had a holy man or woman called a SHAMAN who was a healer and religious leaderSHAMAN who was a healer and religious leader

CATAWBACATAWBA

Their homes were huts called WIGWAMS Their homes were huts called WIGWAMS made of sapling frames covered with bark made of sapling frames covered with bark or grasses and reedsor grasses and reeds

They had council houses where leaders They had council houses where leaders met to make rules for the peoplemet to make rules for the people

They were famous as POTTERS using clay They were famous as POTTERS using clay to shape into potsto shape into pots

YEMASSEEYEMASSEE

Originated in Spanish Florida….moved to the Originated in Spanish Florida….moved to the coast of South Carolina to escape the Spanishcoast of South Carolina to escape the Spanish

In the summer they lived on the beach in In the summer they lived on the beach in wigwams covered with PALMETTO leaves. In the wigwams covered with PALMETTO leaves. In the winter they moved inland and lived in daub and winter they moved inland and lived in daub and wattle homes like the Cherokeewattle homes like the Cherokee

CLAMS and OYSTERS were part of their dietCLAMS and OYSTERS were part of their diet

They had a council that also included womenThey had a council that also included women

They fled to Florida after a war with the white They fled to Florida after a war with the white settlerssettlers

ARRIVAL OF THE EUROPEANSARRIVAL OF THE EUROPEANS

Trade developed between Europeans Trade developed between Europeans and the Woodland Indiansand the Woodland Indians

Native Americans traded furs and Native Americans traded furs and deerskins for European iron tools, deerskins for European iron tools, weapons, and guns and liquor (this is weapons, and guns and liquor (this is the COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE)the COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE)

As the settlers became more As the settlers became more prosperous and numerous conflicts prosperous and numerous conflicts arose between them and the Native arose between them and the Native AmericansAmericans

REASONS FOR THE CONFLICTREASONS FOR THE CONFLICT

White settlers took over the Native White settlers took over the Native Americans landAmericans land

European traders cheated the Native European traders cheated the Native Americans in tradeAmericans in trade

Some Native Americans were forced Some Native Americans were forced into slaveryinto slavery