Southeast Asia approaches to
developing efficiency indicators
Elvira Torres Gelindon
Senior Researcher (ESTO)
IEA Energy Efficiency Training Week for Southeast 16-20 July 2018, Jakarta, Indonesia
2
Outline of Presentation
Background
• APEC/APERC/ESTO
• Milestone
• Data components
Uses of the data collected
• Uses of data in APEC (SEA)
• Sample analysis using indicators (SEA)
Final thoughts
Background
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Source: APERC Brochure (June 2015)
Asia Pacific Economy Cooperation (APEC)
An open framework for regional economic cooperation among 21 economies Cooperative and voluntary basis Activities for trade and investment liberalization, business facilitation,
and economic and technical cooperation
AustraliaBrunei DarussalamCanadaChileChinaHong Kong, ChinaIndonesiaJapanRepublic of KoreaMalaysiaMexicoNew ZealandPapua New GuineaPeruPhilippinesRussiaSingaporeChinese TaipeiThailandUnited StatesViet Nam
5
Expert Group on Energy Data and Analysis
Source: APERC Brochure (June 2015)
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EMM
EWG
ESTO
Data network1. Data collection
• Annual data• Quarterly
data• Monthly
data2. Data processing3. Publication4. Energy database
management
Capacity Building1. Short-term course2. Medium-term
course3. Expert dispatch to
requesting economies
4. Research on district cooling
5. Energy modeling seminars (non-EGEDA)
Other activities1. Annual EGEDA
meetings2. Annual workshop
on energy statistics
3. JODI activities4. IEA’s Energy
statistics development group
5. InterEnerStat
EGEDA
EGNRET
EGEE&C
Instruction
Reporting
EGCFE
EI
Fossil fuels
RE
APERC1. Overview2. Demand &
supply outlook
3. Oil/Coal/Gas reports
Provision of data
ESTO activities
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Dec 2014
• Introduction of Energy Efficiency template
Dec 2015
• Sent Questionnaire & User Manual
Mar–Apr 2016
• Collection of Questionnaire from APEC economies
May–June 2016
• Data evaluation
Nov 2016
• Reported progress in 28th EGEDA
June 2017
• Questionnaire revised per agreement in 28th EGEDA
Sept–Oct 2017
• Submission evaluation
• Data analysis
Nov 2017
• Reported progress in 29th EGEDA
Jan 2018
• Questionnaire revised to include transport and industry sectors as agreed in 29th EGEDA
July 2018
• Reported in 16th EGEDA Statistics Workshop
Milestone
To analyze energy demand and how to improve energy efficiency, detailed information for energy end-use / energy related data are important for policy makers & energy analysts.
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EE template components (1)
Commercial and Public Services
• Space Heating
• Space Cooling
• Lighting
• Other Building Energy Use
• Non-Building Energy Use
• Total Energy Use in Commercial Sector
Residential
• Space Heating
• Space Cooling
• Water Heating
• Cooking
• Lighting
• Refrigerators / Freezers
• Other kitchen facilities
• Laundry facilities
• Television/PC and other Home entertainment
• Other Appliances
• Total Energy Use in Residential Sector
Activity data
• Activity and structure indicators (population, HHs, floor area, etc)
• GDP
• Value added
Template were pre-filled in by ESTO from annual data collected; Activity data sources varied, mostly came from WB
End use data and details on activity may only available from members’ own data
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Transport and Industry Sectors added
EE template components (2)
Transport sector (by fuel)
•Road transport
•Railways
•Domestic Aviation
• Inland waterways
Industry sector (by fuel)
•Food products and textiles
•Wood and wood products
•Paper and paper products
•Chemicals, basic pharmaceuticals, petrochemicals
•Non-metallic minerals
•Basic metals
•Fabricated metals
•Motor vehicles, trailers etc
•All Other manufacturing
•Mining and Quarrying
•Construction
Activity data
• Number of vehicles ( by type, by mode, by fuel type)
• Passenger-km (Passenger)
• Vehicle-km
• Tonne-km (Freight)
Energy data still came EGEDA; more detailed activity data were needed
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EGEDA website is the only platform to disclose member economies’ data and activities to outside (and inside); which include SEA;
The EGEDA website has been improved to show more information, visualisation and allows for online data submission and with new URL for consistency with other EWG expert groups
APEC data dissemination
http://www.egeda.ewg.apec.org
Uses of the data collected
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How do we use those data?
APEC Annual Publication
Overview of energy demand and supply
APEC Overview
Annual APERC publication summarising current developments in APEC (SEA)
APEC Goals
Energy intensity reduction of 45% compared with 2005 (collective goal)
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50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
19
90
19
91
19
92
19
93
19
94
19
95
19
96
19
97
19
98
19
99
20
00
20
01
20
02
20
03
20
04
20
05
20
06
20
07
20
08
20
09
20
10
20
11
20
12
20
13
20
14
20
15
Buildings Industry Transport Non-energy
Mto
e
Source : EGEDA
By sector
Total final energy consumption (TFEC) in SEA reached 364 Mtoe in 2015; minimal share to APEC TFEC but was driving the growth (5.4%)
Buildings dominated the total final energy consumption (35% on average) and likewise driven growth of APEC buildings (5.7%)
Total final energy consumption (1)
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Source: EGEDA
Oil was the major fuel in Southeast Asia (40% on average);
SEA oil consumption in transport sector at 5.2% driven APEC growth which was declining since 1990 (-1.9%)
Total final energy consumption (2)
By fuel
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
Mte
o
Oil Others Electricity Coal Gas
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0.00
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
2.50
0.00 10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 60.00 70.00 80.00 90.00 100.00
en
erg
y p
er
cap
ita
(to
e)
Income per capita at PPP (constant 2011 international $)
BD
SGP
MAS
THA
PHL
VNINA
Energy consumption per capita varied per economy; economy with higher income per capita obviously has the bigger energy per capita
requirement
Energy consumption pattern per capita (1990-2015)
Source : EGEDA (energy data), WB (GDP and Population)
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Income was driving electricity consumption per person, as income increases electricity consumption per capita increases; in most economy, electricity consumption grew faster than income per capita
Electricity consumption pattern per capita (1990-2015)
0.00
0.10
0.20
0.30
0.40
0.50
0.60
0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00
en
erg
y p
er
ca
pit
a (
toe
)
Income per capita at PPP (constant 2011 international $)
MAS
THA
PHLVNINA
0.00
0.20
0.40
0.60
0.80
1.00
1.20
0.00 20.00 40.00 60.00 80.00 100.00
en
erg
y p
er
cap
ita
(to
e)
Income per capita at PPP (constant 2011 international $)
BD
SGP
Source : EGEDA (energy data), WB (GDP and Population)
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Source : Members’ submission
Energy intensity has improved since 1990; SEA has the biggest potential in APEC
Energy intensity (toe/GDP) (1990=100)
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
Total Other north-east Asia South-East Asia Oceania
Other Americas China Russia USA
toe/
GDP (
cons
tant
2011
USD)
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APEC energy intensity goal, 2005 to 2015
Final energy consumption intensity
(ex. non-energy) fell 17.6% between
2005 and 2015
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Data requirement
Sector End-use Indicator Key data
Residential
Space heating energy use per floor area
heated
Heating energy use
Floor area heated
Space cooling energy use per floor area
cooled
Cooling energy use
Floor area cooled
Water heating energy use per dwelling Water heating energy use
Total number of dwellings
Lighting energy use per dwelling Lighting energy use
Total number of dwellings
Cooking energy use per dwelling Cooking energy use
Total number of dwellings
Appliances energy use per type of
appliance
Appliance energy use by type
Number of appliances by type
Industry
N/AEnergy use per unit of
output by sector
Energy use by sector
Total output by sector
N/AEnergy use per unit of
value added by sector
Energy use by sector
Total value added by sector
Transport
Passenger transportEnergy use per passenger
km travelled by mode
Energy use by mode
Passenger km travelled by mode
Freight transportEnergy use per tonne km
travelled by mode
Energy use by mode
Tonne km travelled by mode
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End-use data collection is a big challenge to all; data may be available in several agencies;
Energy intensity is not an actual measure of energy efficiency, only indication;
May need collaboration among agencies;
APERC/ESTO will make a study on energy efficiency indicators;
Assess template which indicators can be obtained or estimated; needs to be simplified.
Final thoughts
http://www.egeda.ewg.apec.org
Thank you for your kind attention