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Southern AfricaSouthern Africa

Section 1:Section 1: Natural Natural EnvironmentsEnvironments

Section 2:Section 2: History and History and CultureCulture

Section 3:Section 3: The Region Today The Region Today

CHAPTER 24CHAPTER 24

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SECTION 1

Natural EnvironmentsNatural Environments

Question:What resources can be found in southern Africa?

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SECTION 1

Natural EnvironmentsNatural Environments

Resources of Southern Africa

petroleum in Angola

copper and iron in Zambia

coal in South Africa & Zimbabwe

diamonds in South Africa,

Botswana, and Namibia

gold and platinum in

South Africa

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Objectives:Objectives:• What are the main landforms and What are the main landforms and

rivers of southern Africa?rivers of southern Africa?• What climates, biomes, and natural What climates, biomes, and natural

resources are found in the region?resources are found in the region?

Section 1 Section 1

Natural EnvironmentsNatural Environments

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Landforms and rivers:Landforms and rivers:• coastal plaincoastal plain• high plateauhigh plateau• escarpment—separates plain from plateau; escarpment—separates plain from plateau;

includes Drakensberg rangeincludes Drakensberg range• Orange River—flows west to Atlantic; Orange River—flows west to Atlantic;

hydroelectricity, irrigationhydroelectricity, irrigation• Limpopo River—to Indian OceanLimpopo River—to Indian Ocean• Zambezi River—Victoria FallsZambezi River—Victoria Falls

Section 1 Section 1

Natural EnvironmentsNatural Environments

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Climates, biomes, and Climates, biomes, and resources:resources:

• tropical wet and dry and semiarid climates; tropical wet and dry and semiarid climates; Mediterranean at Cape TownMediterranean at Cape Town

• Madagascar—tropical rainforest biome, with many Madagascar—tropical rainforest biome, with many speciesspecies

• desert biomes—Namib, Kalaharidesert biomes—Namib, Kalahari• Okavango Swamps—rich in plants and animalsOkavango Swamps—rich in plants and animals• grassland veld of South Africagrassland veld of South Africa• plentiful energy and minerals—oil, coal, hydropower, plentiful energy and minerals—oil, coal, hydropower,

gold, platinum, diamonds, copper, irongold, platinum, diamonds, copper, iron

Section 1 Section 1

Natural EnvironmentsNatural Environments

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Objectives:Objectives:

• What are some important events in What are some important events in the history of southern Africa?the history of southern Africa?

• What are the region’s cultures like?What are the region’s cultures like?

Section 2Section 2

History and CultureHistory and Culture

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History: key eventsHistory: key events• Bantu migrations, beginning around A.D. 100Bantu migrations, beginning around A.D. 100• arrival of Portuguese traders in the 1400sarrival of Portuguese traders in the 1400s• Dutch settlement at Cape Town (1652), followed by other Dutch settlement at Cape Town (1652), followed by other

EuropeansEuropeans• Boer War (1899–1902) between British and Dutch settlersBoer War (1899–1902) between British and Dutch settlers• independence—South Africa (1910), Angola and independence—South Africa (1910), Angola and

Mozambique (1970s), Zimbabwe (1980)Mozambique (1970s), Zimbabwe (1980)• civil wars in Mozambique and Angolacivil wars in Mozambique and Angola• end of apartheid in South Africa; election of Nelson end of apartheid in South Africa; election of Nelson

Mandela (1994)Mandela (1994)

Section 2Section 2

History and CultureHistory and Culture

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Cultural features:Cultural features:

• Bantu languages widely spoken; Bantu languages widely spoken; governments often rely on European governments often rely on European languageslanguages

• religion—traditional practices, religion—traditional practices, Christianity, Islam, HinduismChristianity, Islam, Hinduism

• denser population in wetter eastern denser population in wetter eastern portionportion

• traditional villages surround kraal (pen)traditional villages surround kraal (pen)• cities have European originscities have European origins

Section 2Section 2

History and CultureHistory and Culture

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Objectives:Objectives:

• What are the main economic What are the main economic activities in southern Africa?activities in southern Africa?

• What are the region’s cities like?What are the region’s cities like?• What challenges face the people of What challenges face the people of

southern Africa?southern Africa?

Section 3Section 3

The Region TodayThe Region Today

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SECTION 3The Region The Region TodayToday

Southern Africa’s Economies

Mineral exports

• gold in South Africa• oil in Angola• diamonds in Botswana• copper in Zambia

Tourism

• game parks in Botswana, Namibia, South Africa, and Zimbabwe

• tropical islands of Comoros, Mauritius, and Seychelles

Informal Sector

• foods and fruits, souvenirs

• services such as car repair

• found in the region’s large cities

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Economic activities:Economic activities:• South Africa is the most developed and South Africa is the most developed and

diversified; Mozambique is the least.diversified; Mozambique is the least.• Farming is the chief activity, mostly subsistence Farming is the chief activity, mostly subsistence

but some commercial—tobacco, coffee, vanilla.but some commercial—tobacco, coffee, vanilla.• Minerals and oil are increasingly important—Minerals and oil are increasingly important—

gold, oil, diamonds, copper.gold, oil, diamonds, copper.• Informal sector plays a key role.Informal sector plays a key role.• Tourism is important—wild game parks, beaches.Tourism is important—wild game parks, beaches.

Section 3Section 3

The Region TodayThe Region Today

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Urban environments:Urban environments:

• great contrasts—wealthy suburbs, great contrasts—wealthy suburbs, modern downtown areas, large slums modern downtown areas, large slums

• shantytowns—despite poverty, many shantytowns—despite poverty, many are well-organizedare well-organized

• Johannesburg—largest urban area; Johannesburg—largest urban area; industrial centerindustrial center

• townships—Apartheid-era areas for townships—Apartheid-era areas for non-white South Africansnon-white South Africans

Section 3Section 3

The Region TodayThe Region Today

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ChallengesChallenges

• poverty and its effectspoverty and its effects• urbanization—overcrowding and urbanization—overcrowding and

pollutionpollution• droughts and floodsdroughts and floods• deforestation and species loss in deforestation and species loss in

MadagascarMadagascar• spread of HIVspread of HIV

Section 3Section 3

The Region TodayThe Region Today