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Southern ColoniesChapter 4Section 3
Mason-Dixon LineBoundary line
between PA and MD
Separated Middle and Southern Colonies
Named after two surveyors who marked the 400 mile boundary
Maryland
Founded by Lord Baltimore, the son of Sir George Calvert, a Roman Catholic who lived in Protestant England.
Charter granted in 1632
Settled in 1634Baltimore gave
large land grants to people with many servants and family members
MarylandChesapeake Bay
area good for fish, crabs, oysters
Had a government assembly
Allowed Protestants, as well as Catholics
ACT OF TOLERATION-1649 allowed freedom of religion only for all Christians
VirginiaBegan with Jamestown 1607Tobacco was major cropWestward movement was causing
problems with Natives along the frontier
Colonists asked for help, but got none
Bacon’s Rebellion followed
BACON’S REBELLION-1676 Nathaniel Bacon, a planter, led raids
against Indians, regardless of whether they were friendly or not
led followers to burn Jamestown, the capitalBacon died; rebellion fell apart23 of his followers hangedEnglish settlers would continue to move onto
frontier
Carolinas1663- 8 English nobles received a grant from
King Charles I1712 North Carolina formed-mostly poor farmers
drifting down from VA1719 South Carolina formed- mostly wealthy
planters Charlestown(Charleston) became major city- Settlers
from Barbados; later were Germans, Swiss. French Protestants, and Spanish Jews
Rice and Indigo major crops Enslaved Indians, then Africans African slaves outnumbered white settlers by early 1700’s
Georgia James Oglethorpe founded in 1732
as a place where debtors could start over.Started with smaller farms and no slavery
After plantations and slavery allowed, colony grew quickly.
Tidewater v. Backcountry Life
TidewaterLarge plantations developed along
the coast and the rivers and creeks of the coastal plain.
Major crops were tobacco and rice.Slave labor was used (20-100 on
average). Africans brought farming skills and the ability to make things out of gourds and palmetto leaves.
Shipping ports developed into large cities like Charleston and Savannah.
BackcountryThis was west of the Tidewater area.The Great Wagon Road took settlers to
the base of the Appalachians.People treated each other equallyThere were small farms, not plantations.They were self-sufficient farms, with
very few slaves, growing food crops and hunting,.
Life was harder, simpler, and more closely knit.