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8/14/2019 SP 471 American Film History Week 3
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The 1920's
Rudolph Valentino, Theda Bara, Roscoe Fatty Arbuckle
8/14/2019 SP 471 American Film History Week 3
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The 1920's
The Motion PicturePatents CompanyTrust, 1908-1915
Edison joined withBiograph, Vitagraph,Essanay, Kalem, SeligPolyscope, Lubin, StarFilm, Pathe Freres &Kleine Optical
Exploited patents, fixedprices, restrict foreignfilm distribution, regulateproduction, licensing &distribution as well as the
flow of film stock fromEastman Kodak
8/14/2019 SP 471 American Film History Week 3
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The 1920's
The Motion PicturePatents Company Trust Vertical and horizontal
monopoly Kodak did not have a
share of the profits &began to sell film stock toothers, namely theMotion Picture
Distributing & SalesCompany
Latham Loop patent wasoverturned in court
8/14/2019 SP 471 American Film History Week 3
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The 1920's
Rise of the
Independents who
became the Moguls
The Move West
Increased need for
product
Avoid MPPC
Year-round production By 1915, most
production had moved to
California
Carl Laemmle of Universal
8/14/2019 SP 471 American Film History Week 3
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The 1920's
The Moguls
Adolph Zukor (Paramount), Marcus Loew (MGM),
William Fox (Fox), Jack Warner (Warner Brothers),
8/14/2019 SP 471 American Film History Week 3
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The 1920's
The Directors
D.W. Griffith, Thomas Ince, Cecil B. DeMille, Mack Sennett,
Charlie Chaplin, Erich von Stroheim
8/14/2019 SP 471 American Film History Week 3
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The 1920's
Cecil B. DeMille
Epics & Melodramas
8/14/2019 SP 471 American Film History Week 3
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The 1920's
King of Kings, 1927
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MXTDbGQxSskhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MXTDbGQxSsk8/14/2019 SP 471 American Film History Week 3
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The 1920's
Mack Sennett
Signed Chaplin for a
time Slapstick Comedy
with the Keystone
Cops & Bathing
Beauties
8/14/2019 SP 471 American Film History Week 3
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The 1920's
Mabel Normand, the
female Chaplin
Also directed,produced and wrote
After several
scandals, she died
at 34 or 37
depends on who you
read
Bangville Police
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7_KaR1r2onAhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7_KaR1r2onA8/14/2019 SP 471 American Film History Week 3
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The 1920's
Thomas Ince
Architect of the Assembly
Line mode of production
Murder covered up byWilliam Randolph Hearst
(newspaper mogul) who
suspected his mistress,
Marion Davies and Charlie
Chaplin were having anaffair
Inces widow got a trust fund
& gossip columnist Louella
Parsons was given a lifetime
contract with Hearst papers
8/14/2019 SP 471 American Film History Week 3
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The 1920'sThe Birth of the Studios
8/14/2019 SP 471 American Film History Week 3
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The 1920's
Shooting stages
Exterior sets
Back lot for exteriors Film processing
Prop room
Editing suites Zoo
8/14/2019 SP 471 American Film History Week 3
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The 1920's
Erich von Stroheims Blind Husbands (1919)
Middle class solidly intothe theatres
Rural values vs
cosmopolitan views ofwriters such as F. ScottFitzgerald and ErnestHemingway andfilmmakers such as F.W.Murnau, Ernst Lubitsch &Erich von Stroheim
Films became moreexpensive and polished
8/14/2019 SP 471 American Film History Week 3
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The 1920's
A features market
Loew began buying
theatres thusinsuring a place for
product
Production,
Distribution &
Exhibition - sound
familiar?
8/14/2019 SP 471 American Film History Week 3
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The 1920's
The Stars
Started with Griffith
Not only who thepublic paid to see but
the public face of the
industry
Mary Pickford
8/14/2019 SP 471 American Film History Week 3
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The 1920's
Mary Pickford
Married to DouglasFairbanks
Americas Sweetheart Child actress at
Biograph
Gave up career in 1929
Considered the artist ofthe pair
8/14/2019 SP 471 American Film History Week 3
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The 1920's
Douglas Fairbanks
Invented the action
film with The Mark ofZorro (1920)
8/14/2019 SP 471 American Film History Week 3
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The 1920's
Rudolph Valentino
Former tango
dancer Androgynouspersonality
Died suddenly &
young (31) Power shift from
executives to stars
8/14/2019 SP 471 American Film History Week 3
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The 1920's
8/14/2019 SP 471 American Film History Week 3
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The 1920's
Douglas Fairbanks, D.W. Griffith,
Mary Pickford & Charles Chaplin
United Artists
Founded in 1919
Control of work - first
independent filmcompany
Charles Chaplin, MaryPickford, Douglas
Fairbanks & D.W.Griffith
Five pictures a yearproved impossible toproduce, direct and/or
star in
8/14/2019 SP 471 American Film History Week 3
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The 1920s
Contracts withindependent producers
Bought theatres
D.W. Griffith left in 1924 Producing partnersdrifted away withchanging economicsand United Artists
ceased to exist asproducer and distributorways by the late 40s
Howard Hughes, Alexander Korda & Samuel Goldwyn
8/14/2019 SP 471 American Film History Week 3
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The 1920's Scandals &
Censorship
Fatty Arbuckles Mug Shot, William Desmond Taylor,
Mabel Normand, Mary Miles Minter
8/14/2019 SP 471 American Film History Week 3
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The 1920's
1922 - Censorshipbegins Morals clauses inserted
into contracts Established the Motion
Picture Producers &Distributors of Americawith former postmastergeneral, Will Hays
First act was to banArbuckles films
Began to regulatecontent - more powerfullater on in the 1930s
8/14/2019 SP 471 American Film History Week 3
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The 1920's
Directors medium
Harold Lloyd
received 80% ofprofits forSafety
Last
Chaplin also held all
the rights to his films
8/14/2019 SP 471 American Film History Week 3
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The 1920's
until Erich vonStroheim
Serious filmmaker
Legendary excess inbudgets and length
Foolish Wives, the 1stmillion dollar picture, was
6 hours long Lots of trouble withcensors
Was fired mid-productionfor financial reasons
indicating a shift in power
8/14/2019 SP 471 American Film History Week 3
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The 1920's
Greed(1924)
First cut - 47 reels oraround eight hours!
Second cut - sevenhours
Third cut - four hours
Cut down to 2 1/4 hours
1999 Restoration - 4hours
Negative was probablymelted down for thesilver nitrate
8/14/2019 SP 471 American Film History Week 3
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The 1920s
Buster Keaton 1895-1966
So many accidents off stage,his vaudeville parents
decided he would be saferon stage
Got his name from HarryHoudini who watched him falldown a flight of stairs at 6months and arrive unharmed
and slightly bemused Began performing at age 5
being thrown around by hisfather
More laughs if he kept astraight face
8/14/2019 SP 471 American Film History Week 3
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The 1920s
Buster Keaton Began in films w/ Roscoe
Fatty Arbuckle where hesoon became his assistant
director and writer Less than 2 years after WWI,
he was world-famous
Delicate & subtle
Never as successful asChaplin & Lloyd but more
timeless Also performed all his own
stunts
Experiments with the cameraand what it could do
8/14/2019 SP 471 American Film History Week 3
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The 1920s
Buster Keaton Made the mistake of letting himself be
talked into giving up his own studio tosign w/ MGM by his brother-in-law and
he was never able to make films theway he wanted to ever again
Instead of wistful & poetic, he wasmade to be a bumbling fool
In the 30s, he was divorced, bankrupt,alcoholic and dropped by MGM for
unreliability when he refused to makewhat he considered inferior pictures
Worked all through the 30s & 40s inEurope and on stage
Rediscovered in 1949
Worked up until his death in 1966
8/14/2019 SP 471 American Film History Week 3
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The 1920s
The General, 1926
Dir. & starringBuster Keaton
Consistently rankedamong the greatestfilms ever madealthough a box officedisaster
Many questionedusing the Civil Warfor comedy