Space Exploration

Space Exploration

USA & SPACE

"I believe this nation should commit itself to achieving the goal, before this decade is out, of landing a man on the

Moon and returning him safely to Earth. No single space project in this period will be

more impressive to mankind, or more important in the long-range exploration of

space; and none will be so difficult or expensive

to accomplish." John F. Kennedy

Special Joint Session of CongressMay 25, 1961

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TuW4oGKzVKc

Dateline: Extraterrestrial Tourist

American millionaire Dennis Tito became the first tourists in space. Visiting the International Space Station, arriving as a guest of the Russian Space Agency aboard a Soyuz spacecraft. Mr. Tito paid $20 million dollars . . .

Conquest of Space

50’s & 60’s First artificial Satellites

1957 Russians launch Sputnik 1

NASA NASA 1958 -National Aeronautics and

Space Act

As a response to the Russian “artificial satellite”

NASA MISSIONS

Mercury Missions:

To get a man into orbit and back to earth safely

ALAN SHEPARD

first American in space

http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/mercury/missions/program-toc.html

NASA MISSIONSJOHN GLEN

first American to orbit the earth

NASA MISSIONS

Gemini Missions :

To test the endurance of man in

prolonged exposure to the

environment of space

http://www-pao.ksc.nasa.gov/kscpao/history/gemini/gemini.htm

NASA MISSIONS

Gemini Missions :

NASA MISSIONS Apollo Missions :

To place a man on the moon and get him back to earth safely

NEIL ARMSTRONG

First man to walk on the MOON

http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/apollo/missions/index.html

NASA MISSIONS

Apollo Missions :

NASA MISSIONS

Apollo Missions :

NASA MISSIONS

Apollo Missions :

NASA MISSIONS

NASA MISSIONS

Apollo Missions :

SKYLAB First US Space Station Part of the Apollo Mission Launched to study the effects of prolonged

exposure to outer space Launched in may of 1973 Abandoned due to delays in shuttle program Fell to Earth in 1979

http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/skylab/index.html

SKYLAB

NASA MISSIONS Shuttle : To create a reusable, less expensive

space craft to transport man and objects into space and safely back to earth

STSSpace Transportation System

http://www.nasa.gov/centers/kennedy/shuttleoperations/archives/2005.html

NASA MISSIONS

Shuttle : Enterprise

NASA MISSIONS

Shuttle : Designed to fly at least 100

missions each!

Project Cost - 11 billion dollars

Cost per Mission - ~ $600 Million

NASA SETBACKSApollo 1 1967

http://history.nasa.gov/Apollo204/

NASA SETBACKSApollo 13 - 1970

http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/apollo/missions/apollo13.html

CHALLENGER Disaster1986

The Space Shuttle Challenger Disaster Why was the public so upset when

the Challenger Exploded? First private citizen

• School Teacher• Woman ?• Witnessed Via TV

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8fz8v9vh5mE

The Space Shuttle Columbia

Crew of Columbia

The MIR SPACE STATION MIR (PEACE) launched in 1986

http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/history/shuttle-mir/index.html

Joint Efforts

Hubble Space Telescope

Compton Gamma Ray Observatory (GRO)

After nine productive years in orbit, the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory (GRO) mission came to an end when NASA redirected the spacecraft into Earth's atmosphere on June 4, 2000. The Compton Gamma Ray Observatory was the second of NASA's Great Observatories and was the first major space observatory to make a systematic survey of natural sources of gamma rays.

Chandra X-Ray Telescope

Exploring Earth’s Neighbors

Pioneer 10

Voyager To Infinity and Beyond!! Launched in 1977 Left our solar system in 1989

Voyager’s Message

http://voyager.jpl.nasa.gov/spacecraft/goldenrec.html

Un-Manned Space Probes

Pioneer Voyager Ulysses Galileo NEAR

Shoemaker Cassini Mariner Viking

Mars Global surveyor Mars Climate Orbiter Mars Polar Lander Deep Space 2 Mars Pathfinder

Surface Rover Mars Odyssey

Does life exist? Water? Climate? Geology? Prepare for Human

exploration!

International Space Station Joint effort of 16 Nations

USA, Canada, Japan, Russia, Brazil, and the elevn members of the ESA

http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/main/index-old-donotuse.html

Payload and Module Delivery Soyuz

Shuttle

SATELLITES Military Communication Weather Telstar

Geological Space observation

Satellite Orbits

Polar Geostationary or Geosynchronous Sun Syncronous

– Landsat 7

Military Applications

GPS Surveillance Missile Guidance Future weapons technology?

Future Developments ?

Environmental Studies Explore the Moon Manned settlements on the

Moon Manned expedition to

MARS

Exploring Mars

ESA - Mars Express Japan – Nozomi

Joint effort to get a sample of Martian soil back to Earth by 2010

Manned Mission -- ?

Major Problems

Prolonged Exposure to space

6mo. To get there20mo. on surfaceNew technologies not yet available

Bioastronautics

The study of how living organisims adapt to conditions of weightlessness and the readapt to life on Earth. Bioastronauts research and develop technological innovations to make this cycle occur more smoothly.

Markert & Backer

What’s Next ?