Spaceflight Management in the NAS Integrating Space Operations Into The National Airspace System

Spaceflight Management in the NAS

Integrating Space Operations Into The National Airspace System

IMPROVING SPACE OPERATIONS WORKSHOPNOAA Satellite Operations FacilitySuitland, MD

Alan J. HayesFAA Spaceflight Management Program Manager

April 16, 2008

V. 4.1

Federal AviationAdministration

Spaceflight Management in the NAS - Integrating Space Operations Into The National Airspace System

Federal AviationAdministration 2

Overview

• Introduction to the FAA

• Background/Problem Statement

• Current FAA Risk Mitigation Strategy

• Space and Air Traffic Management System (SATMS) Concept

• Space Shuttle Hazard Area to Aircraft Computation (SHAAC) Tool

• SpaceTrax and the Spaceflight Integration Tool

• Virtual Spaceflight Center KXAS

• Current & Future Spaceflight Management Architectures

• Conclusions

• Questions



Introduction to the FAAThe FAA is responsible for the safety of civil aviation. The Federal Aviation Act of 1958 created the agency under the name Federal Aviation Agency. We adopted our present name in 1967 when we became a part of the Department of Transportation. Our major roles include:

• Regulating civil aviation to promote safety

• Encouraging and developing civil aeronautics, including new aviation technology

• Developing and operating a system of air traffic control and navigation for both civil and military aircraft

• Researching and developing the National Airspace System and civil aeronautics

• Developing and carrying out programs to control aircraft noise and other environmental effects of civil aviation

• Regulating U.S. commercial space transportation





The Office of Commercial Space Transportation (AST) was established in 1984 as the Office of Commercial Space Transportation (OCST) in the Office of the Secretary of Transportation within the Department of Transportation. AST was transferred to the FAA in November 1995. The Office of Commercial Space Transportation:

• Regulates the commercial space transportation industry, to ensure compliance with international obligations of the United States and to protect the public health and safety, safety of property, and national security and foreign policy interests of the United States;

• Encourages, facilitates, and promotes commercial space launches and reentries by the private sector;

• Recommends appropriate changes in Federal statutes, treaties, regulations, policies, plans, and procedures; and

• Facilitates the strengthening and expansion of the United States space transportation infrastructure.

AST issues FAA licenses for commercial launches of orbital rockets and suborbital rockets.

The Office of Commercial Space Transportation (AST)



The primary service of the Air Traffic Organization is to move air traffic safely and efficiently. Air Traffic Organization (ATO) System Operations Service Unit provides overall national guidance for air traffic procedures and airspace issues, traffic flow management for the National Airspace System (NAS), requirements for weather observation and reporting standards, and the focal point for interface with Department of Defense (DoD) and Department of Homeland Security (DHS) regarding air transportation security issues.

Offices with Spaceflight responsibilities include:

• Air Traffic Control System Command Center (ATCSCC)

• Airspace & Aeronautical Information Management (AAIM) • Spaceflight Management Program

• Safety

• Security

Air Traffic Organization (ATO) System Operations Services



Background

The FAA expects unprecedented demands on the National Airspace System and the nation’s Air Traffic Control system over the next 10 years:

• Doubling of air traffic operations

• Increase in space operations

• R & D: Blue Origin, Armadillo Aerospace

• Space Tourism: Virgin Galactic, Rocketplane, etc.

• Prizes: X Prize Cup, America’s Space Prize, NASA Centennial Challenges

• NASA: Space Shuttle, Orion

• NASA Commercial Orbital Transportation Services: SpaceX



Background

The NAS was not designed to handle high-speed spacecraft.

Different tools, processes, and procedures will be necessary to minimize the impact of space operations in the NAS.

FL4000

FL600

Class E Airspace

(continued)



Background – The Columbia Accident

Prior to the Columbia accident, FAA Air Traffic procedures for supporting Space Shuttle operations did not take into account the potential debris hazard to aircraft during a Shuttle reentry

Debris Footprint

DFWN



The FAA needs to safely accommodate spacecraft transitioning to and from space through the National Airspace System (NAS).

To accomplish this, space and air traffic operations will need to be seamlessly integrated under the current and future FAA Air Traffic infrastructure.

Problem Statement



Notices to Airmen (NOTAMs)–Temporary Flight Restrictions (TFRs)

Special Use Airspace (SUA)–Restricted Areas–Warning Areas

Central Altitude Reservation Function (CARF)–Altitude Reservation (ALTRV)

Command Center Advisories (CCA)

Traffic Situation Display–Manual Entry of Lat/Long prior to and during

Shuttle Landing to create Flow Evaluation Areas (FEAs)

Current FAA Risk Mitigation Strategy



Impacts

• Existing Special Use Airspace (SUA) is sized for the largest vehicles that may use them, with fixed boundaries

• Typically activated for extended periods of time

• Spaceflight Operations are handled as an exception to normal NAS operations (i.e. no Flight Plans, ATO flight tracking is handled manually, etc.)

• Require extensive advanced coordination with various Air Traffic entities

• Can be difficult to accommodate launch/landing delays and scrubs

Goals• Reduce the amount of airspace that is restricted for each launch/landing and the

amount of time that the restriction needs to be in effect

• Schedule the restriction so as to accommodate conventional air traffic while still achieving the safety and space mission objectives

• Accommodate launch/landing delays, scrubs, and incidents

(continued)

Current FAA Risk Mitigation Strategy



The SATMS Concept & Toolkit

The FAA has developed a Concept of Operations (CONOPS) for a future Space and Air Traffic Management System (SATMS). This concept:

• Represents a framework for seamlessly integrating space vehicles on their way to and from space with more traditional air traffic operations

• Calls for assured separation between space and air traffic

• Will require new space and air traffic management tools and enhanced communications, navigation, and surveillance services

The SATMS Toolkit is currently under development by the FAA. It consists of:

• The legacy Space Shuttle Hazard Area to Aircraft Computation (SHAAC)

• The SpaceTrax trajectory tool, and

• The Spaceflight-wide Interactive Flight Tool (SWIFT)



The Space Shuttle Hazard Area to Aircraft Computation (SHAAC) tool was developed by AST to identify hazard areas of potential debris produced by the Space Shuttle should a breakup occur during re-entry. Designed to reduce FAA dependence on NASA and increase FAA capabilities by replicating functionality of the existing NASA tool.

SHAAC CapabilitiesUtilizing complex algorithms and modeling techniques, SHAAC:

1. Utilizing trajectory data from NASA, to identify potentially affected airspace in advance of a Shuttle reentry to increase air traffic control situational awareness

2. In the event of an accident, determines the extent of the effected airspace

3. Serves as a Proof-of-Concept for SpaceTrax and the Spaceflight-wide Interactive Flight Tool (SWIFT)

The SHAAC tool was first used at the Air Traffic Control System Command Center (ATCSCC) in FY08 to support Shuttle Flight STS-120.

Space Shuttle Hazard Area to Aircraft Computation (SHAAC) Tool



(continued)

Generates file of latitude/longitude coordinates of hazard area corners in same format as data previously provided by NASA.

• Graphical depictions of hazard areas plotted on maps with political and airspace boundaries

• Latitude/longitude coordinates of hazard areas manually entered into the Traffic Situational Display

• PC-based (Thick Client) application

Output & Display Features

Space Shuttle Hazard Area to Aircraft Computation (SHAAC) Tool



SpaceTrax and SWIFT Tools

SpaceTrax and SWIFT are being developed by the FAA (ATO-R) to assist air traffic controllers in managing airspace and the risk to aircraft from space operations, by providing improved situational awareness.

Capabilities of Both Tools:• Track spacecraft movement within the NAS

• Create and file ICAO Flight Plans for spaceflight operations

• Should an incident occur:• Identifies potentially affected airspace • Identifies affected airways, sectors, and airports.• Generate NOTAMs and Command Center Advisories



Utilizes Trajectory Files from NASA and Output Files from SHAAC/Others, SpaceTrax will:

• Display the planned trajectory (Launch/Landing) as received from NASA

• Identify Entry Points (Time, Altitude, and Velocity) into Controlled Airspace, ARTCC, and Political Boundaries for plan and actual data

• Display graphical depictions and reports of hazard areas plotted on maps with political and airspace boundaries

• Provide a 2D and 3D display capability

• Generate Latitude/Longitude, Altitude, and Speed data for entry into an ICAO Flight Plan

• Automatically Generate Reports currently being prepared manually

• Process real-time data and provides Latitude/Longitude information every 30 seconds (adjustable) for manual entry into the TSD

• PC-based (Thick Client) Application

SpaceTrax



SpaceTrax Prototype



Planning Mode

• Identify the airspace restriction requirements, potential impacts to other NAS users, and options to mitigate those impacts

• Allow decision makers to make informed risk reduction decisions

SWIFT

• Graphical depictions of hazard areas plotted on maps with political and airspace boundaries.

• Generate Reports

• Web-Based (Thin Client) Application



• Input Real-Time Data from space carrier conducting spaceflight operations following an FAA-defined Interface Requirements Document (IRD)

• Compute rectangular hazard areas that bound the locations of potential debris and outputs their latitude/longitude coordinates and space vehicle real-time location directly to TFM-M for display on the Traffic Situational Display (TSD)

• File ICAO Flight Plans with HCS/ERAM/ETMS

• Generates TFR NOTAMs and Command Center Advisories

• Utilizes Web Services for Data Transfer

• SWIM and NextGen Compliant

Real-time Mode• Display the space vehicle’s trajectory and estimates of the potentially hazardous

airspace against current air traffic data

• In the event of an accident, provide information to Air Traffic Controllers identifying potential hazardous airspace due to falling debris

(continued)SWIFT



SATMS Toolkit Implementation

Space Shuttle Hazard Area Space Shuttle Hazard Area to Aircraft Computation to Aircraft Computation

(SHAAC) Tool (SHAAC) Tool

SpaceTrax Tool SpaceTrax Tool Versions 1.x – 2.xVersions 1.x – 2.x

Spaceflight-wide InteractiveSpaceflight-wide InteractiveFlight Tool (SWIFT) Versions 1.x – 4.xFlight Tool (SWIFT) Versions 1.x – 4.x

FY2008 FY2009 FY2010 FY2011 FY2012 FY2013 FY2014 FY2015+FY2008 FY2009 FY2010 FY2011 FY2012 FY2013 FY2014 FY2015+

O&M*

O&M

Decommissioned @ End of Shuttle

Program

Decommissioned @ End of Shuttle

Program

Decommissioned FY2012

Decommissioned FY2012

Initial Operating Capability (IOC)

FY2008

Initial Operating Capability (IOC)

FY2008

IOC FY2008IOC FY2008

IOC FY2009IOC FY2009

Phase 1(PC-

based)

Phase 1(PC-

based)

Phase 2(Server-based)

Phase 2(Server-based)

{{

{{* Period TBD

* Period TBD



To support SpaceTrax and the Spaceflight-wide Interactive Flight Tool (SWIFT), a virtual Spaceflight Center is being created that will:

• Issue all Spaceflight-related Flight Plans. All Spaceflight Operations will have a flight plan automatically created for them

• Issue Modifications to existing Spaceflight-related Flight Plans • Send Position Reports to ETMS/TFM-M• Issue Spaceflight-related NOTAM messages• Issue Command Center Advisories• Send and Receive Service B Messages• Provide Spaceflight-related information to FAA and Commercial

Users.

Virtual Spaceflight “Center” - KXAS



Current Spaceflight Management Architecture

DraftNOTAM

Messages

CARF

HCS/ERAM

NOTAMsFNS

ETMSTFM-M

TSD / WSDDisplay

Flight Plans &Aircraft Position

Reports

NOTAMEntry (NES)

Flight Plans

DraftNOTAM

Messages

AISR

PublishedNOTAM

Messages

NASA Web Site

AltitudeRequests

ATCSCCAdvisory

NASAReal-TimeTrajectory

Data

SHAAC

(Debris Field Reports & Files)

ATCSCC

ARTCCsLatitude,

Longitude, Altitude, &

Speed

Data for Draft

NOTAMMessages

For TSD Adaptations

DSR

Advisories

Key:

Manual

Automatic NASAPlanned

TrajectoryFiles

NASAPlanned

TrajectoryFiles



SATMS Phase 1 Architecture

SpaceTrax(at ATCSCC)

Virtual “Spaceflight” Center KXAS

NOTAM Report

(SpaceTrax)

Flight Plan Report

(SpaceTrax)

Spacecraft Location Report

(SpaceTrax)

NASAReal-TimeTrajectory

Data

AltitudeRequests

SHAAC

(Debris Field Reports & Files)

Flight Plan Messages

CARF

HCS/ERAM

NOTAMsFNS

ETMSTFM-M

TSD / WSDDisplay


Reports

NOTAMEntry (NES)

Flight Plans

AISR

PublishedNOTAM

Messages

DraftNOTAM

Messages

Plan & Actual Flight Display(SpaceTrax)

AltitudeRequests

ATCSCCAdvisory

DebrisFields

NASAPlanned

TrajectoryFiles

For TSD Adaptations

NASAPlanned

TrajectoryFiles

DSR

Advisories

DraftNOTAM

Messages

ATCSCC

ARTCCs

Data for Draft

NOTAMMessages



CARF

HCS/ERAM

NOTAMsFNS

ETMSTFM-M

TSD / WSDDisplay


Reports

NOTAMEntry (NES)

Flight Plans

DraftNOTAM

Messages

Flight Plan Messages(Phase 3)

Command Center Advisories (CCA), Flight Movement Messages, and

TSD Adaptations(Phase 3)

AISR

AltitudeRequests(Phase 3)

PublishedNOTAM

Messages

ATCSCCAdvisory

SpaceTrax& SWIFT (at ATCSCC)

Virtual “Spaceflight” Center KXAS

Plan & Actual Flight Display(SpaceTrax)

Real-TimeTrajectory

Data

DSR

ARTCCs

ATCSCC

DraftNOTAM

Messages

Planned Trajectory

Files

SATMS Phase 2/3 Architecture



SATMS Toolkit will be implemented over the next 3-5 years:• Year 1 (FY2008)

• SpaceTrax 1.0• SWIFT Proof-of-Concept

• Year 2 (FY2009)• SWIFT 1.0• SpaceTrax 2.0• Real-Time Data Interface 1.0• TFM-M Interface Prototype

• Year 3 (FY2010)• SWIFT 2.0• SpaceTrax 3.0• Real-Time Data Interface 2.0• TFM-M Interface 1.0

• Year 4+ (FY2011 and later)• Satellite Orbit/Re-entry Tracking• Continuing updates to the Toolkit

FY08 – FY12 Implementation



Conclusions

• Space operations will continue to increase, as will the challenges of accommodating operations safely in the NAS.

• Experience gained in support of Shuttle reentries has helped to identify and refine SpaceTrax and SWIFT requirements and implementation strategies.

• The toolset and associated Air Traffic procedures will enhance situational awareness for Controllers and help them identify airspace restrictions, while providing mitigation options for potential impacts.



For More Information Please Contact:

Alan Hayes, FAA Program Manager

Telephone: (202) 493-1406

Email: [email protected]

Thank You!

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Spaceflight Management in the NAS Integrating Space Operations Into The National Airspace System

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