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Spaces of Charisma and the Charisma of Spaces

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Spaces of Charisma and the Charisma of Spaces Kees Terlouw Representation of space and place programme Urban and Regional research centre Department of Human Geography and Planning Utrecht University The Netherlands [email protected] 1
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Page 1: Spaces of Charisma and the Charisma of Spaces

Spaces of Charisma and the Charisma of Spaces

Kees Terlouw

Representation of space and place programme Urban and Regional research centre Department of Human Geography and Planning Utrecht University The Netherlands [email protected]

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Page 2: Spaces of Charisma and the Charisma of Spaces

Outline • Charisma and space?

• Weber: charisma and regimes

• Space and emergence & transformation of charisma

• Typology of 5 relations between space and charisma

– Heritage sites (traditional regimes)

– Futuristic places (rational / bureaucratic regimes)

• Nation-states & ideal types of charismatic places

• Zeche Zollverein is both (hybrid)

– Changed from futuristic to heritage

– Now combination of both

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Page 3: Spaces of Charisma and the Charisma of Spaces

Charisma and space

• Charismatic leadership in (national) context

• Non-human charisma as social construction • Charismatic organizations

– Animals

– Comets

– The frontier

– Local business elite

– Prosperous regions, Silicon Valley

– Cities

• Charisma has been linked to space, but not studied systematically

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Page 4: Spaces of Charisma and the Charisma of Spaces

Die drei reinen Typen legitimer Herrschaft

Three types of regime • Traditional

– Morality (wertrational)

– Past success

• Rational (Bureaucratic) – Efficiency (zweckrational)

– Future results

• Charismatic – Sudden revolutionary event

– Extraordinary charismatic leader

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Page 5: Spaces of Charisma and the Charisma of Spaces

The desert has produced many charismatic prophets

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Page 6: Spaces of Charisma and the Charisma of Spaces

Emergence and transformation of charisma and space

• Charismatic leader revolutionizes established order from the outside

• Successful charismatic leader spreads control over territory

• Institutionalisation of charisma

• Transformation into other regime type

– Rational bureaucratic (organisation of movement)

– Traditional (legitimation by charismatic past)

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Page 7: Spaces of Charisma and the Charisma of Spaces

Table 1 Different types of charisma in time and space

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Past Present Future

Here Monument and heritage site

Uncharismatic space of the everyday life in the here and now of established regimes

Futuristic place

Away Place of pilgrimage

Health spa Site of special education

Promised land

Page 8: Spaces of Charisma and the Charisma of Spaces

Table 1 Different types of charisma in time and space

8

Past Present Future

Here Monument and heritage site

Uncharismatic space of the everyday life in the here and now of established regimes

Futuristic place

Away Place of pilgrimage

Health spa Site of special education

Promised land

Page 9: Spaces of Charisma and the Charisma of Spaces

Monuments and Heritage sites

• Sites linked to charismatic past

• Legitimation of

traditional regime

– Morality

– Past

• Constructions by present regime

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Page 10: Spaces of Charisma and the Charisma of Spaces

Table 1 Different types of charisma in time and space

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Past Present Future

Here Monument and heritage site

Uncharismatic space of the everyday life in the here and now of established regimes

Futuristic place

Away Place of pilgrimage

Health spa Site of special education

Promised land

Page 11: Spaces of Charisma and the Charisma of Spaces

National pilgrimage Meteora

• Travel in space & time

• Original charisma

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Page 12: Spaces of Charisma and the Charisma of Spaces

Table 1 Different types of charisma in time and space

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Past Present Future

Here Monument and heritage site

Uncharismatic space of the everyday life in the here and now of established regimes

Futuristic place

Away Place of pilgrimage

Health spa Site of special education

Promised land

Page 13: Spaces of Charisma and the Charisma of Spaces

Present charisma in away places: Health spa’s: Pamukkale

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Page 14: Spaces of Charisma and the Charisma of Spaces

Table 1 Different types of charisma in time and space

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Past Present Future

Here Monument and heritage site

Uncharismatic space of the everyday life in the here and now of established regimes

Futuristic place

Away Place of pilgrimage

Health spa Site of special education

Promised land

Page 15: Spaces of Charisma and the Charisma of Spaces

The charisma of the Promised Land

• Promise of better land to be entered in future

• Contrast bad

daily life

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Page 16: Spaces of Charisma and the Charisma of Spaces

Table 1 Different types of charisma in time and space

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Past Present Future

Here Monument and heritage site

Uncharismatic space of the everyday life in the here and now of established regimes

Futuristic place

Away Place of pilgrimage

Health spa Site of special education

Promised land

Page 17: Spaces of Charisma and the Charisma of Spaces

Futuristic places: Seattle:

space needle

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Page 18: Spaces of Charisma and the Charisma of Spaces

Futuristic places

• Special symbolic sites

– Constructed with political goal

• The better future is already visible and visitable today

• Legitimises bureacratic regimes

– Efficiency

– Improve daily life in future

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Page 19: Spaces of Charisma and the Charisma of Spaces

Futuristic places: Futuroscope

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Page 20: Spaces of Charisma and the Charisma of Spaces

Table 1 Different types of charisma in time and space

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Past Present Future

Here Monument and heritage site

Uncharismatic space of the everyday life in the here and now of established regimes

Futuristic place

Away Place of pilgrimage

Health spa Site of special education

Promised land

Page 21: Spaces of Charisma and the Charisma of Spaces

Nationalism and backward and forward looking charismatic places: From ideal type to

reality

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Page 22: Spaces of Charisma and the Charisma of Spaces

Nationalism and transformation of the charisma of places: from backward to forward

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Page 23: Spaces of Charisma and the Charisma of Spaces

Changing charismatic meaning of a place Zeche Zollverein, Essen, Ruhr, Germany

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Page 24: Spaces of Charisma and the Charisma of Spaces

Old image of Ruhr area

Page 25: Spaces of Charisma and the Charisma of Spaces

Changing image of Ruhr area: 1 Green

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Page 26: Spaces of Charisma and the Charisma of Spaces

Changing image of Ruhr area: 2 Exiting culture

Page 27: Spaces of Charisma and the Charisma of Spaces
Page 28: Spaces of Charisma and the Charisma of Spaces

Zeche Zollverein’s changing charisma

• Old charisma of winding tower

– Coal basis industrialisation

– Centre of local community: identification

• Zeche Zollverein: size matters

– Futuristic place of 1920s (modernity)

• Connects now two types of spatial charisma

– Heritage site industrial past (UNESCO, museum)

– Futuristic place of new Ruhr area (Design)

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Page 29: Spaces of Charisma and the Charisma of Spaces

Industrial charisma: winding tower

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Page 31: Spaces of Charisma and the Charisma of Spaces

Two types of spatial charisma as regional policy

• State project – Hundredths of mio. Euro – Concentration of regional development – Icon for new identity:

• Internal • External

• Link local and regional – Local charisma of industrial past – Regional charisma of a new and better future

• Based on culture and creative economy • New design cluster: businesses , exhibitions, school • For whole Ruhr area

• Symbol for new Ruhr area 31

Page 32: Spaces of Charisma and the Charisma of Spaces

Charisma and Space • Space important in creation charisma • Charisma of space used for legitimation other regimes • Charismatic place outside daily life in regime • Heritage site

– Good past – Morality – Backward looking traditional legitimation

• Futuristic place – Better future – Efficiency – Forward looking rational legitimation

• Combination of these ideal types help us understand symbolic places and their politics

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