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SPANISH – AMERICAN WAR
1898
Imperialism
A stronger country taking over a weaker country; politically, economically, or socially
Factors that Fueled Imperialism Desire for military strength Thirst for new markets Belief in cultural superiority
Alfred T. Mahan
Urged gov’t officials to build up American naval power
“Seward’s Folly” (Icebox)
Secretary of State under presidents Lincoln & Johnson
Purchase of Alaska from Russia for $7.2 million
About 2 cents an acre
Hawaii
Am. Merchants stopped there on their way to China & Sugar Cane
They overthrew Queen Liliuokalani
Election of 1896
President Cleveland opposed expansion by force
President McKinley pushed for expansion
Reasons for War
Businesses wanted to protect their interests in the region
Other Americans were thinking we were being hypocrites WHY???
Humanitarian Causes
Americans had sympathized with the Cubans during the ten-year struggle
Spanish used savage methods of warfare
Known as the “Splendid Little War”
“Yellow” Journalism
Exaggerated news Joseph Pulitzer & William
Randolph Hearst; created “penny press”
Specialized in lurid & sensational news even if it did not exist
“You furnish the pictures, and I’ll furnish the war.”
The de Lome Letter
Letter intercepted by the U.S., called President McKinley a weak man
Sinking of the Maine
In Havana Harbor…260 killed Americans assume that the Spanish sunk
the ship Disaster was really the result of an
accidental explosion inside one of the engine rooms
“Remember the Maine!” became the war slogan
Jingoism
A super patriotism and demand for aggressive actions – warlike mood
The War in the Philippines
The Philippine Islands Filipinos
Problems the Army Faced
Ill-prepared volunteer force Lacked supplies Ineffective leaders Wool uniforms…YUCK!
Rough Riders
Volunteer cavalry under command of Teddy Roosevelt
Teddy Roosevelt considered the hero
Casualities
Total service members 306,760
Battle deaths 385
Other deaths in service (nontheater) 2,061
Nonmortal woundings 1,662
Treaty of Paris 1898
Cuba granted independence Teller Resolution
Stated the U.S. had no intention of taking over Cuba
Platt Amendment Cuba could not make treaties w/out
U.S. consent U.S. set up a naval station U.S. reserved the right to intervene in
Cuba
What else did we get?
U.S. received the Philippines for $20 million
Emilio Aguinaldo had been fighting the Spanish for Philippine independence
Spain ceded Puerto Rico & Guam to the U.S.
Philippine independence honored in 1946
Foraker Act – 1900
Ended U.S. military rule in Puerto Rico
Set up a civil government
What was the debate??
Treaty violated the Declaration of Independence and what we stood for
Protectorate
A country whose affairs are partially controlled by another power
Open Door Policy
Share trading rights; fear of being shut out of China
Boxer Rebellion
1900 rebellion in which members of a Chinese secret society sought to free their country from Western influence
How did U.S. get the Panama Canal?
Helped Panama rebel from Columbia; in exchange we acquired 10-mile wide zone
Review: Monroe Doctrine (1823) The U.S will NOT allow any new
European colonies in the Western Hemisphere.
Roosevelt Corollary
An extension of the Monroe Doctrine; The U.S. can intervene in L. America to
protect its economic interests by means of military intervention
Dollar Diplomacy
U.S. policy of using the nation’s economic power to exert influence over other countries
Moral/Missionary Diplomacy
U.S. had a moral responsibility to deny recognition to any Latin American gov’t the U.S. viewed as oppressive, undemocratic, or hostile to U.S. interests