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Spanish grammer book

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BY: SHAKIRA NEWMAN 3 RD PERIOD GRAMMAR BOOK
Transcript

BY: SHAKIRA NEWMAN 3RD PERIOD

GRAMMAR BOOK

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. Nationalities2. Stem Changing

Verbs3. Indirect Object

Pronouns4. Gustar5. Affirmative and

Negative Words

6. Los superlatives7. Reflexives8. Affirmative Commands 9. Irregular10. Negative11. Sequencing

NATIONALITIES

• Nicaragua- Nicaraguense• Costa Rica- Costarricense• Estados Unidos-

Norteamericanos• Venezuela- venezolano• Peru- peruano• Chile- chileano• Colombia- colombiano• Bolivia- Boliviano• Ecuador- Ecuatoriano• Argentina- Argentino• Mexico- Mexicano

• Cuba- Cubano• Uruguay- Uruguayo• Paraguay- Paraguayo• Puerto Rico- Puertorriquno• Panama- Panameno• El Salvador- Salvadoreno• Honduras- Hondureno• Espana- Espanol• Guatemala- Guatemalteco• Guinea Ecuatorial-

Guineano• La Republica Dominicana-

Dominicano

STEM CHANGING VERBS

• E to IPedirPidoPidesPidePiden PedimosPedis

• E to IECerrarCierroCierrasCierraCierranCerramosCerráis

O to UEAlmorzarAlmuerzoAlmuerzasAlmuerzaAlmuerzan

AlmorzamosAlmorzais

INDIRECT OBJECT PRONOUNS

Singular

• Me- me

• You (familiar)- te

• Him, Her, You (formal)- le

Plural

• Us- nos

• You (familiar)- os

• Them, You (formal)- les

GUSTAR

Singular

• Me Gusta• Te Gusta• Le Gusta• Nos Gusta• Os Gusta• Les Gusta

Plural

• Me Gustan• Te Gustan• Le Gustan• Nos Gustan• Os Gustan• Les Gustan

AFFIRMATIVE AND NEGATIVE WORDS

Affirmative

• Siempre- always• Algun- same• Algo- something• Alguien- someone• Tambien- also

Negatives

• Ningun- none• Nunca- never• Nada- nothing• Nadie- no one• Tampoco- neither

SUPERLATIVES

• Use a superlative to show an extreme with adjectives. To use, you drop the vowel ending the word and add the –isimo(a) ending.• RULES- the adjective must agree with the gender

and number of the noun it is modifying and if the word ends in C change to QU, G changes to GU, and Z changes to C. • -isimo• -isima• -isimos• -isimas

REFLEXIVES

• Me- lavo

• Te- lavas

• Se- lava

• Nos- lavamos

• Os- lavais

• Se- lavan

AFFIRMATIVE TU COMMANDS Y IRREGULARS

Affirmatives

• Use to give a command or instructions.

• Examples:• Abrir Abre• Caminar Camina• Comer Come • Comprar Compra• Hablar Habla

Irregulars

• Decir Di• Hacer Haz• Ir Ve• Poner Pon• Salir Sal• Ser Se• Tener Ten• Venir Ven

NEGATIVE TU COMMANDS

• To tell someone what not to do or what they can not do. • Hablar no hables• Comer no comas• Escribir no escribas• Salir no salgas• Tocar no toques

SEQUENCING EVENTS

• First- Primero• Then- Entonces• After- despues• Finally- por fin• Before- antes de• After- despues de • In the morning- Por la manana • In the afternoon- Por la tarde• In the night- Por la noche


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