TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. Nationalities2. Stem Changing
Verbs3. Indirect Object
Pronouns4. Gustar5. Affirmative and
Negative Words
6. Los superlatives7. Reflexives8. Affirmative Commands 9. Irregular10. Negative11. Sequencing
NATIONALITIES
• Nicaragua- Nicaraguense• Costa Rica- Costarricense• Estados Unidos-
Norteamericanos• Venezuela- venezolano• Peru- peruano• Chile- chileano• Colombia- colombiano• Bolivia- Boliviano• Ecuador- Ecuatoriano• Argentina- Argentino• Mexico- Mexicano
• Cuba- Cubano• Uruguay- Uruguayo• Paraguay- Paraguayo• Puerto Rico- Puertorriquno• Panama- Panameno• El Salvador- Salvadoreno• Honduras- Hondureno• Espana- Espanol• Guatemala- Guatemalteco• Guinea Ecuatorial-
Guineano• La Republica Dominicana-
Dominicano
STEM CHANGING VERBS
• E to IPedirPidoPidesPidePiden PedimosPedis
• E to IECerrarCierroCierrasCierraCierranCerramosCerráis
O to UEAlmorzarAlmuerzoAlmuerzasAlmuerzaAlmuerzan
AlmorzamosAlmorzais
INDIRECT OBJECT PRONOUNS
Singular
• Me- me
• You (familiar)- te
• Him, Her, You (formal)- le
Plural
• Us- nos
• You (familiar)- os
• Them, You (formal)- les
GUSTAR
Singular
• Me Gusta• Te Gusta• Le Gusta• Nos Gusta• Os Gusta• Les Gusta
Plural
• Me Gustan• Te Gustan• Le Gustan• Nos Gustan• Os Gustan• Les Gustan
AFFIRMATIVE AND NEGATIVE WORDS
Affirmative
• Siempre- always• Algun- same• Algo- something• Alguien- someone• Tambien- also
Negatives
• Ningun- none• Nunca- never• Nada- nothing• Nadie- no one• Tampoco- neither
SUPERLATIVES
• Use a superlative to show an extreme with adjectives. To use, you drop the vowel ending the word and add the –isimo(a) ending.• RULES- the adjective must agree with the gender
and number of the noun it is modifying and if the word ends in C change to QU, G changes to GU, and Z changes to C. • -isimo• -isima• -isimos• -isimas
AFFIRMATIVE TU COMMANDS Y IRREGULARS
Affirmatives
• Use to give a command or instructions.
• Examples:• Abrir Abre• Caminar Camina• Comer Come • Comprar Compra• Hablar Habla
Irregulars
• Decir Di• Hacer Haz• Ir Ve• Poner Pon• Salir Sal• Ser Se• Tener Ten• Venir Ven
NEGATIVE TU COMMANDS
• To tell someone what not to do or what they can not do. • Hablar no hables• Comer no comas• Escribir no escribas• Salir no salgas• Tocar no toques