Spanish Rule of Latin America

Learning Targets:

1) Explain and demonstrate an understanding of the impact of Spanish Rule of the life of Native Americans.

Why did the Spanish come to the Americas?

• Looking for the West Indies (Asia).

• Conquistadors wanted to be important.

• Gold & Resources.

• Spread Roman Catholicism.

• “And to think that God should have permitted something so great to remain hidden from the world for so long in history, unknown to men, and then let it be found, discovered and won all in our own time!" – Francisco Pizarro

• What does this quote tell us about the attitude of the Spanish towards the Native Americans?

Columbian Exchange

• The movement of people, goods, diseases, and ideas between Europe, Africa, and the Americas.

•Slaves

Key Questions to Consider

• How did the Columbian Exchange impact the life of Native Americans? (evidence??)

• Who do you think benefited more from the Columbian Exchange and why? (evidence??)

What would be missed?

Mercantilism

• Purpose of colonies to enrich the parent country by sending raw materials and purchasing manufactured goods.

• Mercantilism meant that the colony existed for the good of the mother country.

Determining Meaning of Words

• Based on the context of the sentence & pictures in your packet, what does the term “mother country” or “parent country” mean?

Making Inferences

• Why would a country want to limit imports and maximize exports?

Role of the Colonies in Mercantilism

1. Supply the parent country with raw materials (sugar, cotton, lumber, metals, etc.)

2. Be a market where the parent country could sell finished products (furniture, clothes, tools, etc.)

- A colony could only trade with its parents country.-In return, the colonies received protection from its parent country.

Summary of Mercantilism

Essential Question

• How did the Mercantilism impact the Native Americans way of life?

Line of Demarcation

Everything west of the line belonged to the Spanish and everything east of the line belonged to the Portuguese.

Spanish

Portuguese

Why does Brazil, which was owned by Portugal, extend into Spanish Territory?

Spanish Government

• Viceroy Official, appointed by the King & Queen of Spain, who ruled in place of the king. Job was to enforce the laws created by the Council of Indies. – Two Viceroys: One in New Spain (Mexico City) and

one in Peru (Lima)

Why have two Viceroys in Latin America?

Spanish Government

• Council of Indies Officials who made all the laws for the colonies. Basically transferred Spanish ideas of governing to the Americas.

• Cabildos Councils created to govern local towns and their surrounding lands. Usually made up of wealthy landowners. Punished criminals, set price of local goods, etc.

Essential Question

• How did the government system created the by the Spanish to rule over the new world impact the life of Native Americans?

Making Connections

• Connect the different levels of the Spanish Government in the Americas to the current government of the United States…

Class System Peninsulares Officials born in Spain and sent to rule the new world. Viceroy & Council of Indies

Creoles American born, full-blooded Spanish. Cabildos, Hacienda Owner, etc.

Mestizos Mixed European & Native descent. Shop owners, artisans, farmers, managers, etc.

Native Americans Farmhands on haciendas or on village farms.

Freed Blacks Slaves who won freedom. Farmhands, laborers in mines, blacksmith, goldsmith, etc.

Slaves Brought over from Africa. Plantations, mines, servants, etc.

Essential Question

• How did the class system impact the life of Native Americans?

Roman Catholic Church: Unifying Force

• A unifying force 1. set up churches in towns and cities

2. Missionaries protected the Indians 3. Missionaries wanted the Native Americans

to give up their religious beliefs 4. Missionaries destroyed Native American temples, statues and sacred objects

Spreading Catholicism

• Missionaries reached out to Africans & Native Americans by telling stories of Catholic saints

• gods were connected to the saints• Most converted to Christianity• Most mixed their traditional beliefs

St. Paul

Mother Teresa

Patron Saints:Construction Workers St. Thomas the ApostleComedians St. VitusTeachers St. Gregory the GreatStudents St. Thomas Aquanis

The Catholic Church & the Government

• Church close to the Spanish government• Wealth and power• Huge $ grants • Could tax• Richest and Largest property owner

• Church controlled many aspects of life

• Education

• Hospitals

• Service to the poor

Hacienda System

• Haciendas- were large plantations on the best available farmland, which left the rest for the Native Americans.

• Haciendas were largely self-efficient and kept a steady workforce through peonage, which forces someone into debt and does not allow them to leave until the debt is repaid.

• How could hacienda owners keep Native Americans in a permanent state of debt?

Essential Question

• How did the Roman Catholic Church impact the life of Native Americans.

Analyzing a Primary Source

• Summarize the main points of the message.

• From the perspective of the King & Queen what is the purpose of the Indians and the lands in the Americas? Why would this be their perceptive?

How the Hacienda System Worked…

• The owners would pay the workers a small salary each week.

• The owners would sell everything that the workers needed on the plantation (self-sufficient).

• The owners would charge the workers more than they would make for supplies, which forced them into debt.

• The worker could not leave the Hacienda until the debt was paid, which usually didn’t happen in your lifetime.

• So what happened when the worker died? The rest of the family inherited the debt on top of their own, which pretty much guaranteed they could never leave the hacienda.

Essential Question

• How did the hacienda system impact the life of the Native Americans?