Spanish sailors unloaded various

European goods in the New World.

Columbian Exchange refers to the interaction between the “Old World” interaction between the “Old World” (Europe) and “New World” (Europe) and “New World” (Americas).(Americas).

Products going from the Americas to Europe included turkeys, pumpkins, corn, tomatoes, peanuts, tobacco, and other goods.

Products going from Europe to the Americas were livestock (including the first horses), grapes, sugar cane, honey bees, and citrus fruits.

Europeans also brought diseases including smallpox, malaria, and measles, which wiped out thousands of Native Americans. Within 50 years of Columbus’s landing, only one in 10 Native Americans still survived.

The “Columbian Exchange”The “Columbian Exchange”

Reciprocal impact from early European contact with

indigenous peoples (Natives)

• religious• economic• social• food• government

Religious Impact• Christianity

– making Natives become Christian

• Missions– set up churches

Economic Impact

• land disputes– who gets what land

• trade– alcohol for farming

techniques

Social Impact

• spread of disease• partnerships

– Europeans and Natives making deals; becoming “friends”

– marriages

Food• Agriculture

techniques• hunting

EUROPE RECEIVED

COLUMBIAN COLUMBIAN EXCHANGEEXCHANGE

AMERICAS RECEIVED

FOOD CORN, WHITE POTATOESCORN, WHITE POTATOES, PUMPKINS, TOMATOESTOMATOES, CACAO, STRAWBERRIES,

QUININE, TOBACCOTOBACCO

FOODSUGAR, WHEAT, RICE, CITRUS SUGAR, WHEAT, RICE, CITRUS

FRUITS, TEA, COFFEEFRUITS, TEA, COFFEE, BANANAS, OKRA, BARLEY,

OATS, WINE GRAPES

ANIMALSTURKEYS, GUINEA PIGS,

RATTLESNAKES, BUFFALO, RACCOONS

ANIMALSHORSES, CHICKENS, PIGS,

COWS, GOATS, SHEEP, RATS, OXEN

DISEASESSYPHILISSYPHILIS

DISEASESSMALLPOX, MEASLES, SMALLPOX, MEASLES,

INFLUENZAINFLUENZA

RELIGIONCHRISTIANITYCHRISTIANITY

WEAPONS AND TOOLSGUNS AND IRON TOOLSGUNS AND IRON TOOLS

Prior to European arrival it is estimated that as many as 50 million people lived in the Americas

Although smallpox, measles, and influenza were widespread throughout Europe, the disease had never infested North and South America

Native Americans had no immunity to these new diseases

It is believed that as many as 90 percent of the population was wiped out within 75 years of contact

Although there were many instances where Native Americans resisted European colonization, disease contributed greatly to European dominance

Disease played a major role in the colonizer’s success

Native Practices & their Impact on U.S. Govt.

• Native American Governments:– Iroquois Confederacy – 5 Native American

Nations united to form one “country” (N.E. part of U.S.)

– Democratic Influence – Iroquois Confederacy inspired Ben Franklin & Thomas Jefferson when writing the Constitution

– Matriarchal Leadership – females are the leaders

Iroquois ConfederacyIroquois Confederacy