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Page | 1
f=ps/p0= 1,4
Supercharging factor
ps=f*p0= 168000 N/m2 Supercharging pressure
Ts=f*T0= 410 K Supercharging temperature
Ti=Ts-100= 310 K Temperature after intercooler
Parameters of gas exchange process:
It is adopted:
pa= 1,6 10^5 N/m2
Pressure at the end of the intake
stroke
∆T= 20
C Mixture preheating
νp= 1,1
Afterfilling coefficient
It is determined:
Residual gas coefficient
gr=((T0+∆T)/Tr)*(pr/(e*pa*νp-pr))=
0,028
Temperature at the end of intake stroke
Ta=(Ti+∆T+gTr)/(1+gr)=
346,887 K
Filling coefficient
hv=((pa*T0/p0*Ta)*(e/(e-1))*(νp/(1+gr))=
1,34
INITIAL DATA
Nominal power Pn= 280 kW 381 CP
RPM nn= 6500 rpm
Number of cylinders i= 4
Initial parameters:
T0= 293
K Initial temperature
p0= 1,2 10^5 N/m2 Initial pressure
Tr= 950
K Residual gas temperature
pr= 1,4 10^5 N/m2 Residual gas pressure
l= 1
Excess air coefficient
v= 10
Compression ratio
Page | 2
Parameters of compression process:
It is adopted: n1= 1,39 Polytropic compression coefficient
It is determined:
Pressure at the end of compression stroke
pc=pa*e^n1= 39,28 10^5 N/m2
Temperature at the end of compression stroke
Tc=Ta*e^(n1-1)= 851,51
K
Parameters of combustion process:
It is adopted: c= 0,854 kg
h= 0,142 kg
o= 0,004 kg
Qi= 43500 kJ/kg
Mc= 0,00877193 kcal/kg =1/114
ξ= 0,95
Heat usage coefficient
Fz= 0,8
Pressure correction factor
* Minimum air for fuel combustion
Lmin=(1/0,21)*(c/12+h/4-o/32)= 0,507 kmol air/kg fuel
* Real air for fuel combustion
L=l*Lmin=
0,507 kmol air/kg fuel
* Fresh charge quantity for 1kg of fuel
M1=l*Lmin+Mc= 0,51577193
* The theoretic molar variation factor of the fresh charge
μ0=(0,79*l*Lmin+h/2+c/12)/(l*Lmin+Mc)= 1,052202796
*
The real molar variation factor of the fresh charge
μf=(μ0+gr)/(1+gr)= 1,051
Page | 3
* The medium specific molar heat of the initial mixture
Cmv'=20+17,4*10^(-3)*Tc=
34,816 kJ/kmolK
Parameters of the expansion process:
It is adopted: n2= 1,25
Pressure at the end of expansion
pb=pz/e^n2= 907514,596 N/m2 9,075 *10^5 N/m2
Temperature at the end of expansion
Tb=Tz/e^(n2 -1)= 1871,842 K
Cmv"=(18,4+2,6*l)+(15,5+13,8*l)*10^(-4)Tz= 21,000 + 0,0029 Tz
26,610 + 29,300 *10^(-4) Tz
*
Specific heat released during incomplete combustion
Qai=Qi-∆Qi=Qi-61000*(1-ll)=
43500,000 kJ/kg
* Temperature at the end of combustion process
ξi*Qai/(( (l*Lmin+Mc)(1+gr))+Cmv'*Tc=Cmv"mu*Tz
Tz= 3328,658 K
* Pressure at the end of combustion process
pz=pc*μf*(Tz/Tc)= 16138145,205 N/m2 161,381 *10^5 N/m2
p'z=Fz*pz=
129,105 *10^5 N/m2
* Increase factor of the pressure
π=pz/pc= 4,11
Page | 4
Main parameters of the engine:
It is adopted: Diagram rounding factor
μr = 0,96
Mechanical efficiency
ηm= 0,8
The mean pressure of the theoretic cycle
pi'=pc/(e-1)*[(π/(n2-1))*(1-(1/(e^(n2-1)))-(1/(n1-1)(1-1/e(n1-1)))]=
pl'= 24,771 *10^5 N/m2
Mean indicated pressure
pl=μr*pi'= 23,780 *10^5 N/m2
Indicated efficiency of the engine
ηI=RM*(pi*M1*To/(po*ηv*Qi))=
ηI= 0,427
Mean indicated pressure
pe=ηm*pI= 19,024 *10^5 N/m2
Effective efficiency
ηe=ηm*ηI=
0,342
Specific effective fuel consumption
ge=3600/ηe*Qi= 0,242 kg/kWh =242 g/kWh
Fundamental dimensions of the engine:
It is adopted: F=S/D= 1,15
Necessary piston dissplacement
Vh=120000*pn/(pe*n*i)= 0,679
Bore and stroke is determined
D=(4*Vh/π*F)^(1/3)= 0,909 dm
S=F*D= 1,045 dm 104,5 mm = 0,10m
Page | 5
Mean velocity of the piston
Wm=S*n/30= 21,7 m/s
Total dissplacement
Vt=i*Vh= 2,72 litri
Power per liter
Pl=Pn/Vt= 102,941 kW/l
Indicated diagram:
Volume at the end of the intake stroke
Va=Vh*e/(e-1)=
0,75 dm^3
Volume at the end of compression stroke
Vc=Va/e=
0,075 dm^3
px=pa(Va/Vx)^n1
px=pc(Vc/Vx)^n2
It is adopted:
Ignition advance angle {20...40oRAC}
Advance angle at OEV
αs= 30 oRAC 0,524 rad The ratio between the crank radius
and length of the piston rod αev= 60 oRAC 1,047 rad
lb= 1/3,6 0,278
Xs=S/2{(1-cos(αs))+ls/4(1-cos(2αs))}=
8,8 mm
pc"={1,15...1,25}pc=1,2pc=
47,14 *10^5 N/m2
Xev=S/2{(1-cos(αev))-ls/4*(1-cos(2αev))}=
20,67 mm
pa'=1/2(pa+pb)= 5,34 *10^5 N/m2
Page | 6
α = Rotation angle of
the crankshaft
b = Angle betweenn the
rod and the axis
ω = Angular velocity
of the crankshaft
S = Piston stroke
L = Rod length
r = Crank radius
= 680, 68 rad/s
= 0,05 m
= 0,179856
= 0,0064 m^2
Page | 7
Piston movement
Volume of the cylinder at a given moment
Piston velocity
Maximum velocity angle
Piston acceleration
Page | 8
D= 0,1000 m
S= 0,1000 m
Ap= 0,0064 m^2
n= 6500 rot/min
p0= 120000 N/m^2
pa= 160000 N/m^2
pr= 140000 N/m^2
pz= 16138100 N/m^2
pl'= 2477100 N/m^2
mp= 0,576 kg
mb= 1,024 kg
mAC= 1,088 kg
lb= 0,278
n1= 1,39
n2= 1,25
Va= 0,750
Vc= 0,0750
Vz= 0,0750
Vt= 2,720
mj = mp+m1b =
0,8576 kg/m2
m1b = 0.275mb=
0,2816 kg/m2
m2b =`0.725mb=
0,7424 kg/m2
vp=Rω*(sinα+(l/2)*sin2α)
Piston velocity
ap=Rω^2*(cosα+l*cos2α)
Piston acceleration
b=arcsin(lsinα)
Angle between rod and vertical axis
Page | 9
Gas forces
Fg=(pg-p0)*Ap
Inertial force Fj=-mjRω^2(cosα+lcos2α)
Total force
F=Fg+Fj
Normal force at the axis of the rod N=Ftgb
Force on the axis of the rod S=F/cosb
Tangential force
T=Ssin(α+b)
Radial force
Z=Scos(α+b)
Torque of the force N
M=T*R
Tangential force
T=Ssin(α+b)
Radial force
Z=Scos(α+b)
Centrifugal force
Fcb=-m2bRω^2
Fcb= -17198,63 N
Rm^2=(Z^2-Fcb^2)-T^2
Angle difference between bends 180 degrees
Cylinder working order 1-3-4-2-1
alfa Cil
0 Intake Compression Expansion Exhaust 1
180 Compression Expansion Exhaust Intake 2
540 Exhaust Intake Compression Expansion 3
360 Expansion Exhaust Intake Compression 4
Page | 10
alfa Xp Vx px
grd m l N/m2
0 0,00000 0,07500 102000
10 0,00097 0,08121 160000
20 0,00383 0,09951 160000
30 0,00844 0,12902 160000
40 0,01457 0,16825 160000
50 0,02194 0,21542 160000
60 0,03021 0,26834 160000
70 0,03904 0,32486 160000
80 0,04806 0,38258 160000
90 0,05695 0,43948 160000
100 0,06542 0,49369 160000
110 0,07324 0,54374 160000
120 0,08021 0,58834 160000
130 0,08622 0,62681 160000
140 0,09117 0,65849 160000
150 0,09504 0,68326 160000
160 0,09780 0,70092 160000
170 0,09945 0,71148 160000
180 0,10000 0,71500 160000
190 0,09945 0,71148 172166,635
200 0,09780 0,70092 175782,643
210 0,09504 0,68326 182129,629
220 0,09117 0,65849 191721,921
230 0,08622 0,62681 205322,345
240 0,08021 0,58834 224218,631
250 0,07324 0,54374 250184,993
260 0,06542 0,49369 286123,560
270 0,05695 0,43948 336333,222
280 0,04806 0,38258 407822,510
290 0,03904 0,32486 511914,422
300 0,03021 0,26834 667701,591
310 0,02194 0,21542 906123,865
320 0,01457 0,16825 1277549,062
330 0,00844 0,12902 1847744,238
340 0,00383 0,09951 2651065,081
350 0,00097 0,08121 3516397,148
360 0,00000 0,07500 3928000,000
370 0,00097 0,08121 16138145,205
380 0,00383 0,09951 11333017,873
390 0,00844 0,12902 8191391,527
400 0,01457 0,16825 5878075,234
410 0,02194 0,21542 4315900,806
420 0,03021 0,26834 3279610,077
430 0,03904 0,32486 2582609,127
440 0,04806 0,38258 2105116,586
Page | 11
alfa Xp Vx px
grd m l N/m2
450 0,05695 0,43948 1770129,691
460 0,06542 0,49369 1530597,743
470 0,07324 0,54374 1356562,720
480 0,08021 0,58834 1229259,324
490 0,08622 0,62681 1135688,128
500 0,09117 0,65849 1067806,356
510 0,09504 0,68326 1019639,111
520 0,09780 0,70092 987628,050
530 0,09945 0,71148 969338,832
540 0,10000 0,71500 534000,000
550 0,09945 0,71148 140000
560 0,09780 0,70092 140000
570 0,09504 0,68326 140000
580 0,09117 0,65849 140000
590 0,08622 0,62681 140000
600 0,08021 0,58834 140000
610 0,07324 0,54374 140000
620 0,06542 0,49369 140000
630 0,05695 0,43948 140000
640 0,04806 0,38258 140000
650 0,03904 0,32486 140000
660 0,03021 0,26834 140000
670 0,02194 0,21542 140000
680 0,01457 0,16825 140000
690 0,00844 0,12902 140000
700 0,00383 0,09951 140000
710 0,00097 0,08121 140000
720 0,00000 0,07500 120000
Page | 12
0
2000000
4000000
6000000
8000000
10000000
12000000
14000000
16000000
18000000
0 60 120 180 240 300 360 420 480 540 600 660 720
p [N/m2]
α[RAC°]
Pressure variation
Page | 13
0
2000000
4000000
6000000
8000000
10000000
12000000
14000000
16000000
18000000
0,00 0,10 0,20 0,30 0,40 0,50 0,60 0,70 0,80
px[N/m^2]
Vx[l]
Indicated Diagram
Page | 14
Piston movement
0,000
0,020
0,040
0,060
0,080
0,100
0,120
0 40 80 120 160 200 240 280 320 360 400 440 480 520 560 600 640 680 720
Xp[m]
a[°]
Page | 15
vp ap ap I ap II
m/s m/s^2 m/s^2 m/s^2
0,000 29606,484 23166,263 6440,221
6,719 28866,144 22814,316 6051,828
13,161 26702,662 21769,167 4933,496
19,065 23282,683 20062,572 3220,111
24,206 18864,720 17746,387 1118,333
28,401 13772,654 14890,987 -1118,333
31,523 8363,021 11583,132 -3220,111
33,502 2989,833 7923,329 -4933,496
34,326 -2029,049 4022,779 -6051,828
34,034 -6440,221 0,000 -6440,221
32,708 -10074,608 -4022,779 -6051,828
30,461 -12856,824 -7923,329 -4933,496
27,426 -14803,242 -11583,132 -3220,111
23,742 -16009,320 -14890,987 -1118,333
19,547 -16628,054 -17746,387 1118,333
14,969 -16842,462 -20062,572 3220,111
10,120 -16835,671 -21769,167 4933,496
5,101 -16762,487 -22814,316 6051,828
0,000 -16726,042 -23166,263 6440,221
-5,101 -16762,487 -22814,316 6051,828
-10,120 -16835,671 -21769,167 4933,496
-14,969 -16842,462 -20062,572 3220,111
-19,547 -16628,054 -17746,387 1118,333
-23,742 -16009,320 -14890,987 -1118,333
-27,426 -14803,242 -11583,132 -3220,111
-30,461 -12856,824 -7923,329 -4933,496
-32,708 -10074,608 -4022,779 -6051,828
-34,034 -6440,221 0,000 -6440,221
-34,326 -2029,049 4022,779 -6051,828
-33,502 2989,833 7923,329 -4933,496
-31,523 8363,021 11583,132 -3220,111
-28,401 13772,654 14890,987 -1118,333
-24,206 18864,720 17746,387 1118,333
-19,065 23282,683 20062,572 3220,111
-13,161 26702,662 21769,167 4933,496
-6,719 28866,144 22814,316 6051,828
0,000 29606,484 23166,263 6440,221
6,719 28866,144 22814,316 6051,828
13,161 26702,662 21769,167 4933,496
19,065 23282,683 20062,572 3220,111
24,206 18864,720 17746,387 1118,333
28,401 13772,654 14890,987 -1118,333
31,523 8363,021 11583,132 -3220,111
33,502 2989,833 7923,329 -4933,496
34,326 -2029,049 4022,779 -6051,828
Page | 16
vp ap ap I ap II
m/s m/s^2 m/s^2 m/s^2
34,034 -6440,221 0,000 -6440,221
32,708 -10074,608 -4022,779 -6051,828
30,461 -12856,824 -7923,329 -4933,496
27,426 -14803,242 -11583,132 -3220,111
23,742 -16009,320 -14890,987 -1118,333
19,547 -16628,054 -17746,387 1118,333
14,969 -16842,462 -20062,572 3220,111
10,120 -16835,671 -21769,167 4933,496
5,101 -16762,487 -22814,316 6051,828
0,000 -16726,042 -23166,263 6440,221
-5,101 -16762,487 -22814,316 6051,828
-10,120 -16835,671 -21769,167 4933,496
-14,969 -16842,462 -20062,572 3220,111
-19,547 -16628,054 -17746,387 1118,333
-23,742 -16009,320 -14890,987 -1118,333
-27,426 -14803,242 -11583,132 -3220,111
-30,461 -12856,824 -7923,329 -4933,496
-32,708 -10074,608 -4022,779 -6051,828
-34,034 -6440,221 0,000 -6440,221
-34,326 -2029,049 4022,779 -6051,828
-33,502 2989,833 7923,329 -4933,496
-31,523 8363,021 11583,132 -3220,111
-28,401 13772,654 14890,987 -1118,333
-24,206 18864,720 17746,387 1118,333
-19,065 23282,683 20062,572 3220,111
-13,161 26702,662 21769,167 4933,496
-6,719 28866,144 22814,316 6051,828
0,000 29606,484 23166,263 6440,221
Page | 17
-27500-25000-22500-20000-17500-15000-12500-10000-7500-5000-2500
0250050007500
10000125001500017500200002250025000275003000032500
0 60 120 180 240 300 360 420 480 540 600 660 720
ap,ap I,ap II [m/s^2]
a[°]
Piston acceleration of order I and II
Ap
ApI
ApII
-50,000
-40,000
-30,000
-20,000
-10,000
0,000
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
0 40 80 120 160 200 240 280 320 360 400 440 480 520 560 600 640 680 720
Vp[m/s]
a[°]
Piston velocity
Page | 18
Fg Fj Fj I Fj II F
[N] [N] [N] [N] [N]
-115,200 -25390,521 -19867,387 -5523,134 -25505,721
256,000 -24755,605 -19565,557 -5190,048 -24499,605
256,000 -22900,203 -18669,237 -4230,966 -22644,203
256,000 -19967,229 -17205,662 -2761,567 -19711,229
256,000 -16178,384 -15219,302 -959,082 -15922,384
256,000 -11811,428 -12770,510 959,082 -11555,428
256,000 -7172,127 -9933,694 2761,567 -6916,127
256,000 -2564,081 -6795,047 4230,966 -2308,081
256,000 1740,112 -3449,936 5190,048 1996,112
256,000 5523,134 0,000 5523,134 5779,134
256,000 8639,984 3449,936 5190,048 8895,984
256,000 11026,012 6795,047 4230,966 11282,012
256,000 12695,260 9933,694 2761,567 12951,260
256,000 13729,592 12770,510 959,082 13985,592
256,000 14260,220 15219,302 -959,082 14516,220
256,000 14444,095 17205,662 -2761,567 14700,095
256,000 14438,271 18669,237 -4230,966 14694,271
256,000 14375,509 19565,557 -5190,048 14631,509
256,000 14344,254 19867,387 -5523,134 14600,254
333,866 14375,509 19565,557 -5190,048 14709,375
357,009 14438,271 18669,237 -4230,966 14795,280
397,630 14444,095 17205,662 -2761,567 14841,725
459,020 14260,220 15219,302 -959,082 14719,240
546,063 13729,592 12770,510 959,082 14275,655
666,999 12695,260 9933,694 2761,567 13362,259
833,184 11026,012 6795,047 4230,966 11859,196
1063,191 8639,984 3449,936 5190,048 9703,175
1384,533 5523,134 0,000 5523,134 6907,667
1842,064 1740,112 -3449,936 5190,048 3582,176
2508,252 -2564,081 -6795,047 4230,966 -55,829
3505,290 -7172,127 -9933,694 2761,567 -3666,837
5031,193 -11811,428 -12770,510 959,082 -6780,235
7408,314 -16178,384 -15219,302 -959,082 -8770,070
11057,563 -19967,229 -17205,662 -2761,567 -8909,666
16198,817 -22900,203 -18669,237 -4230,966 -6701,386
21736,942 -24755,605 -19565,557 -5190,048 -3018,663
24371,200 -25390,521 -19867,387 -5523,134 -1019,321
102516,129 -24755,605 -19565,557 -5190,048 77760,524
71763,314 -22900,203 -18669,237 -4230,966 48863,111
51656,906 -19967,229 -17205,662 -2761,567 31689,677
36851,681 -16178,384 -15219,302 -959,082 20673,297
26853,765 -11811,428 -12770,510 959,082 15042,337
20221,504 -7172,127 -9933,694 2761,567 13049,377
15760,698 -2564,081 -6795,047 4230,966 13196,617
12704,746 1740,112 -3449,936 5190,048 14444,858
Page | 19
Fg Fj Fj I Fj II F
[N] [N] [N] [N] [N]
10560,830 5523,134 0,000 5523,134 16083,964
9027,826 8639,984 3449,936 5190,048 17667,810
7914,001 11026,012 6795,047 4230,966 18940,013
7099,260 12695,260 9933,694 2761,567 19794,520
6500,404 13729,592 12770,510 959,082 20229,996
6065,961 14260,220 15219,302 -959,082 20326,181
5757,690 14444,095 17205,662 -2761,567 20201,785
5552,820 14438,271 18669,237 -4230,966 19991,091
5435,769 14375,509 19565,557 -5190,048 19811,278
2649,600 14344,254 19867,387 -5523,134 16993,854
128,000 14375,509 19565,557 -5190,048 14503,509
128,000 14438,271 18669,237 -4230,966 14566,271
128,000 14444,095 17205,662 -2761,567 14572,095
128,000 14260,220 15219,302 -959,082 14388,220
128,000 13729,592 12770,510 959,082 13857,592
128,000 12695,260 9933,694 2761,567 12823,260
128,000 11026,012 6795,047 4230,966 11154,012
128,000 8639,984 3449,936 5190,048 8767,984
128,000 5523,134 0,000 5523,134 5651,134
128,000 1740,112 -3449,936 5190,048 1868,112
128,000 -2564,081 -6795,047 4230,966 -2436,081
128,000 -7172,127 -9933,694 2761,567 -7044,127
128,000 -11811,428 -12770,510 959,082 -11683,428
128,000 -16178,384 -15219,302 -959,082 -16050,384
128,000 -19967,229 -17205,662 -2761,567 -19839,229
128,000 -22900,203 -18669,237 -4230,966 -22772,203
128,000 -24755,605 -19565,557 -5190,048 -24627,605
0,000 -25390,521 -19867,387 -5523,134 -25390,521
Page | 20
-40000
-20000
0
20000
40000
60000
80000
100000
0 40 80 120 160 200 240 280 320 360 400 440 480 520 560 600 640 680 720
F[N]
a[°]
Total force
Page | 21
-30000
-25000
-20000
-15000
-10000
-5000
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
0 60 120 180 240 300 360 420 480 540 600 660 720
Fj,Fj I,Fj II [N]
a[°]
Inertial forces of order I and II
Fj
Fj I
Fj II
Page | 22
-40000
-20000
0
20000
40000
60000
80000
100000
120000
0 40 80 120 160 200 240 280 320 360 400 440 480 520 560 600 640 680 720
Fg;Fj;F[N]
a[°]
Cylinder forces
Fg
Fj
F
Page | 23
Beta N S/10 T/10 Z/10
[grd] [N] [N] [N] [N]
0,000 0,000 -2550,572 0,00 -2550,57
2,767 -1184,086 -2452,820 -542,04 -2392,18
5,456 -2162,839 -2274,726 -977,72 -2053,89
7,990 -2766,724 -1990,445 -1225,17 -1568,71
10,294 -2891,865 -1618,287 -1245,00 -1033,84
12,296 -2518,646 -1182,673 -1047,09 -549,83
13,931 -1715,540 -712,572 -684,73 -197,24
15,143 -624,627 -239,111 -238,25 -20,25
15,889 568,193 207,541 206,45 -21,29
16,141 1672,542 601,629 577,91 -167,25
15,889 2532,241 924,937 832,11 -403,85
15,143 3053,206 1168,785 955,74 -672,77
13,931 3212,550 1334,375 960,98 -925,78
12,296 3048,329 1431,395 875,42 -1132,49
10,294 2636,474 1475,370 731,12 -1281,48
7,990 2063,347 1484,420 556,31 -1376,23
5,456 1403,509 1476,115 370,69 -1428,81
2,767 707,153 1464,859 184,43 -1453,20
0,000 0,000 1460,025 0,00 -1460,03
-2,767 -710,916 1472,654 -185,41 -1460,94
-5,456 -1413,157 1486,261 -373,23 -1438,63
-7,990 -2083,227 1498,722 -561,67 -1389,49
-10,294 -2673,347 1496,004 -741,34 -1299,40
-12,296 -3111,552 1461,082 -893,57 -1155,98
-13,931 -3314,498 1376,720 -991,48 -955,16
-15,143 -3209,407 1228,580 -1004,63 -707,19
-15,889 -2762,008 1008,862 -907,61 -440,50
-16,141 -1999,152 719,114 -690,77 -199,92
-15,889 -1019,666 372,447 -370,48 -38,21
-15,143 15,109 -5,784 5,76 -0,49
-13,931 909,556 -377,796 363,04 -104,57
-12,296 1477,834 -693,942 614,39 -322,62
-10,294 1592,843 -891,354 685,75 -569,44
-7,990 1250,586 -899,701 553,79 -709,07
-5,456 640,076 -673,188 289,35 -607,83
-2,767 145,895 -302,219 66,79 -294,75
0,000 0,000 -101,932 0,00 -101,93
2,767 3758,231 7785,129 1720,41 7592,66
5,456 4667,113 4908,549 2109,78 4432,01
7,990 4448,054 3200,033 1969,70 2522,00
10,294 3754,738 2101,150 1616,48 1342,32
12,296 3278,660 1539,550 1363,06 715,74
13,931 3236,888 1344,484 1291,95 372,15
15,143 3571,348 1367,133 1362,22 115,75
15,889 4111,728 1501,866 1493,94 -154,09
16,141 4654,869 1674,400 1608,40 -465,49
15,889 5029,141 1836,964 1652,61 -802,07
15,143 5125,660 1962,133 1604,47 -1129,44
Page | 24
Beta N S/10 T/10 Z/10
[grd] [N] [N] [N] [N]
13,931 4910,016 2039,439 1468,75 -1414,95
12,296 4409,373 2070,496 1266,28 -1638,14
10,294 3691,694 2065,871 1023,74 -1794,37
7,990 2835,580 2039,982 764,52 -1891,30
5,456 1909,430 2008,207 504,31 -1943,85
2,767 957,496 1983,440 249,72 -1967,66
0,000 0,000 1699,385 0,00 -1699,39
-2,767 -700,967 1452,044 -182,82 -1440,49
-5,456 -1391,283 1463,256 -367,46 -1416,37
-7,990 -2045,381 1471,494 -551,47 -1364,25
-10,294 -2613,226 1462,361 -724,67 -1270,18
-12,296 -3020,430 1418,294 -867,40 -1122,13
-13,931 -3180,800 1321,187 -951,49 -916,63
-15,143 -3018,566 1155,525 -944,89 -665,14
-15,889 -2495,806 911,628 -820,14 -398,04
-16,141 -1635,498 588,304 -565,11 -163,55
-15,889 -531,758 194,232 -193,21 -19,93
-15,143 659,267 -252,371 251,46 -21,37
-13,931 1747,290 -725,760 697,40 -200,89
-12,296 2546,545 -1195,773 1058,69 -555,92
-10,294 2915,113 -1631,296 1255,01 -1042,15
-7,990 2784,691 -2003,371 1233,12 -1578,89
-5,456 2175,065 -2287,584 983,24 -2065,50
-2,767 1190,273 -2465,635 544,87 -2404,68
0,000 0,000 -2539,052 0,00 -2539,05
Page | 25
-4000
-3500
-3000
-2500
-2000
-1500
-1000
-500
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
7000
7500
8000
8500
0 40 80 120 160 200 240 280 320 360 400 440 480 520 560 600 640 680 720
N;S[N]
a[°]
N - S
N
S
Page | 26
-3500-3000-2500-2000-1500-1000-500
0500
1000150020002500300035004000450050005500600065007000750080008500
0 60 120 180 240 300 360 420 480 540 600 660 720
T/10;Z/10
a[°]
T-Z
T/10
Z/10
Page | 27
-3500
-3000
-2500
-2000
-1500
-1000
-500
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
7000
7500
8000
8500
-1500 -1000 -500 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500
Z/1
0 [
N]
T/10 [N]
Polar diagram of crankpin
Page | 28
alfa M/10 M1 M2 M3 M4 Mtot Rm
Rmme
d
grd [Nm] [Nm] [Nm] [Nm] [Nm] [Nm] [N] [N]
0 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 8307,07 14656,6
10 -27,102 -27,102 -9,271 -9,141 86,021 40,507 24528,2 14656,6
20 -48,886 -48,886 -18,662 -18,373 105,489 19,568 22747,3 14656,6
30 -61,259 -61,259 -28,084 -27,574 98,485 -18,432 19904,5 14656,6
40 -62,250 -62,250 -37,067 -36,234 80,824 -54,727 16182,8 14656,6
50 -52,355 -52,355 -44,679 -43,370 68,153 -72,251 11826,7 14656,6
60 -34,237 -34,237 -49,574 -47,575 64,598 -66,788 7126,00 14656,6
70 -11,913 -11,913 -50,232 -47,245 68,111 -41,279 2413,01 14656,6
80 10,323 10,323 -45,381 -41,007 74,697 -1,368 2075,65 14656,6
90 28,896 28,896 -34,539 -28,256 80,420 46,521 6017,08 14656,6
100 41,606 41,606 -18,524 -9,661 82,631 96,052 9251,08 14656,6
110 47,787 47,787 0,288 12,573 80,224 140,872 11687,8 14656,6
120 48,049 48,049 18,152 34,870 73,438 174,509 13343,7 14656,6
130 43,771 43,771 30,720 52,935 63,314 190,740 14313,9 14656,6
140 36,556 36,556 34,288 62,751 51,187 184,782 14753,7 14656,6
150 27,816 27,816 27,690 61,656 38,226 155,388 14844,1 14656,6
160 18,535 18,535 14,468 49,162 25,216 107,381 14761,1 14656,6
170 9,222 9,222 3,340 27,244 12,486 52,292 14648,5 14656,6
180 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 14600,3 14656,6
190 -9,271 -9,271 86,021 -27,102 -9,141 40,507 14726,5 14656,6
200 -18,662 -18,662 105,489 -48,886 -18,373 19,568 14862,5 14656,6
210 -28,084 -28,084 98,485 -61,259 -27,574 -18,432 14987,1 14656,6
220 -37,067 -37,067 80,824 -62,250 -36,234 -54,727 14960,0 14656,6
230 -44,679 -44,679 68,153 -52,355 -43,370 -72,251 14610,8 14656,6
240 -49,574 -49,574 64,598 -34,237 -47,575 -66,788 13767,2 14656,6
250 -50,232 -50,232 68,111 -11,913 -47,245 -41,279 12285,7 14656,6
260 -45,381 -45,381 74,697 10,323 -41,007 -1,368 10088,5 14656,6
270 -34,539 -34,539 80,420 28,896 -28,256 46,521 7191,18 14656,6
280 -18,524 -18,524 82,631 41,606 -9,661 96,052 3724,45 14656,6
290 0,288 0,288 80,224 47,787 12,573 140,872 57,81 14656,6
300 18,152 18,152 73,438 48,049 34,870 174,509 3778,00 14656,6
310 30,720 30,720 63,314 43,771 52,935 190,740 6939,44 14656,6
320 34,288 34,288 51,187 36,556 62,751 184,782 8913,56 14656,6
330 27,690 27,690 38,226 27,816 61,656 155,388 8997,02 14656,6
340 14,468 14,468 25,216 18,535 49,162 107,381 6731,87 14656,6
350 3,340 3,340 12,486 9,222 27,244 52,292 3022,23 14656,6
360 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 1019,30 14656,6
370 86,021 86,021 -9,141 -9,271 -27,102 40,507 77851,3 14656,6
380 105,489 105,489 -18,373 -18,662 -48,886 19,568 49085,5 14656,6
390 98,485 98,485 -27,574 -28,084 -61,259 -18,432 32000,3 14656,6
400 80,824 80,824 -36,234 -37,067 -62,250 -54,727 21011,5 14656,6
410 68,153 68,153 -43,370 -44,679 -52,355 -72,251 15395,5 14656,6
420 64,598 64,598 -47,575 -49,574 -34,237 -66,788 13444,8 14656,6
430 68,111 68,111 -47,245 -50,232 -11,913 -41,279 13671,2 14656,6
440 74,697 74,697 -41,007 -45,381 10,323 -1,368 15018,6 14656,6
450 80,420 80,420 -28,256 -34,539 28,896 46,521 16744,0 14656,6
460 82,631 82,631 -9,661 -18,524 41,606 96,052 18369,6 14656,6
Page | 29
alfa M/10 M1 M2 M3 M4 Mtot Rm
Rmme
d
grd [Nm] [Nm] [Nm] [Nm] [Nm] [Nm] [N] [N]
470 80,224 80,224 12,573 0,288 47,787 140,872 19621,3 14656,6
480 73,438 73,438 34,870 18,152 48,049 174,509 20394,3 14656,6
490 63,314 63,314 52,935 30,720 43,771 190,740 20704,9 14656,6
500 51,187 51,187 62,751 34,288 36,556 184,782 20658,6 14656,6
510 38,226 38,226 61,656 27,690 27,816 155,388 20399,7 14656,6
520 25,216 25,216 49,162 14,468 18,535 107,381 20082,0 14656,6
530 12,486 12,486 27,244 3,340 9,222 52,292 19834,4 14656,6
540 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 16993,9 14656,6
550 -9,141 -9,141 -27,102 86,021 -9,271 40,507 14520,4 14656,6
560 -18,373 -18,373 -48,886 105,489 -18,662 19,568 14632,6 14656,6
570 -27,574 -27,574 -61,259 98,485 -28,084 -18,432 14714,9 14656,6
580 -36,234 -36,234 -62,250 80,824 -37,067 -54,727 14623,6 14656,6
590 -43,370 -43,370 -52,355 68,153 -44,679 -72,251 14182,9 14656,6
600 -47,575 -47,575 -34,237 64,598 -49,574 -66,788 13211,9 14656,6
610 -47,245 -47,245 -11,913 68,111 -50,232 -41,279 11555,2 14656,6
620 -41,007 -41,007 10,323 74,697 -45,381 -1,368 9116,28 14656,6
630 -28,256 -28,256 28,896 80,420 -34,539 46,521 5883,01 14656,6
640 -9,661 -9,661 41,606 82,631 -18,524 96,052 1942,35 14656,6
650 12,573 12,573 47,787 80,224 0,288 140,872 2523,66 14656,6
660 34,870 34,870 48,049 73,438 18,152 174,509 7257,57 14656,6
670 52,935 52,935 43,771 63,314 30,720 190,740 11957,7 14656,6
680 62,751 62,751 36,556 51,187 34,288 184,782 16312,9 14656,6
690 61,656 61,656 27,816 38,226 27,690 155,388 20033,6 14656,6
700 49,162 49,162 18,535 25,216 14,468 107,381 22875,8 14656,6
710 27,244 27,244 9,222 12,486 3,340 52,292 24656,3 14656,6
720 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 25390,5 14656,6
Page | 30
-80
-60
-40
-20
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
0 60 120 180 240 300 360 420 480 540 600 660 720
M/10 [Nm]
a[°]
Single cylinder moment
-100
-75
-50
-25
0
25
50
75
100
125
150
175
200
225
0 60 120 180 240 300 360 420 480 540 600 660 720
Mtot[N/m]
a[°]
Total moment
Page | 31
alfa T1 Z1 T2 Z2 T' Z' Rp Rpmed
grd [N] [N] [N] [N] [N] [N] [N] [N]
0 0,00 -25505,70 0,00 -14600,30 1,5624E-12 -5452,70 5452,70 8924
10 -5420,40 -23921,80 -1854,10 -14609,40 -1,7832E+03 -4656,20 4985,98 8924
20 -9777,20 -20538,90 -3732,30 -14386,30 -3,0225E+03 -3076,30 4312,67 8924
30 -12251,70 -15687,10 -5616,70 -13894,90 -3,3175E+03 -896,10 3436,39 8924
40 -12450,00 -10338,40 -7413,40 -12994,00 -2,5183E+03 1327,80 2846,91 8924
50 -10470,90 -5498,30 -8935,70 -11559,80 -7,6760E+02 3030,75 3126,44 8924
60 -6847,30 -1972,40 -9914,80 -9551,60 1,5338E+03 3789,60 4088,23 8924
70 -2382,50 -202,50 -10046,30 -7071,90 3,8319E+03 3434,70 5145,93 8924
80 2064,50 -212,90 -9076,10 -4405,00 5,5703E+03 2096,05 5951,61 8924
90 5779,10 -1672,50 -6907,70 -1999,20 6,3434E+03 163,35 6345,50 8924
100 8321,10 -4038,50 -3704,80 -382,10 6,0130E+03 -1828,20 6284,78 8924
110 9557,40 -6727,70 57,60 -4,90 4,7499E+03 -3361,40 5818,98 8924
120 9609,80 -9257,80 3630,40 -1045,70 2,9897E+03 -4106,05 5079,17 8924
130 8754,20 -11324,90 6143,90 -3226,20 1,3052E+03 -4049,35 4254,50 8924
140 7311,20 -12814,80 6857,50 -5694,40 2,2685E+02 -3560,20 3567,42 8924
150 5563,10 -13762,30 5537,90 -7090,70 1,2600E+01 -3335,80 3335,82 8924
160 3706,90 -14288,10 2893,50 -6078,30 4,0670E+02 -4104,90 4125,00 8924
170 1844,30 -14532,00 667,90 -2947,50 5,8820E+02 -5792,25 5822,04 8924
180 0,00 -14600,30 0,00 -1019,30 8,9438E-13 -6790,50 6790,50 8924
190 -1854,10 -14609,40 17204,10 75926,60 -9,5291E+03 -45268,00 46260,09 8924
200 -3732,30 -14386,30 21097,80 44320,10 -1,2415E+04 -29353,20 31870,72 8924
210 -5616,70 -13894,90 19697,00 25220,00 -1,2657E+04 -19557,45 23295,78 8924
220 -7413,40 -12994,00 16164,80 13423,20 -1,1789E+04 -13208,60 17704,45 8924
230 -8935,70 -11559,80 13630,60 7157,40 -1,1283E+04 -9358,60 14659,11 8924
240 -9914,80 -9551,60 12919,50 3721,50 -1,1417E+04 -6636,55 13205,74 8924
250 -10046,30 -7071,90 13622,20 1157,50 -1,1834E+04 -4114,70 12528,94 8924
260 -9076,10 -4405,00 14939,40 -1540,90 -1,2008E+04 -1432,05 12093,09 8924
270 -6907,70 -1999,20 16084,00 -4654,90 -1,1496E+04 1327,85 11572,43 8924
280 -3704,80 -382,10 16526,10 -8020,70 -1,0115E+04 3819,30 10812,04 8924
290 57,60 -4,90 16044,70 -11294,40 -7,9936E+03 5644,75 9785,75 8924
300 3630,40 -1045,70 14687,50 -14149,50 -5,5286E+03 6551,90 8572,79 8924
310 6143,90 -3226,20 12662,80 -16381,40 -3,2595E+03 6577,60 7340,92 8924
320 6857,50 -5694,40 10237,40 -17943,70 -1,6900E+03 6124,65 6353,54 8924
330 5537,90 -7090,70 7645,20 -18913,00 -1,0537E+03 5911,15 6004,33 8924
340 2893,50 -6078,30 5043,10 -19438,50 -1,0748E+03 6680,10 6766,01 8924
350 667,90 -2947,50 2497,20 -19676,60 -9,1465E+02 8364,55 8414,41 8924
360 0,00 -1019,30 0,00 -16993,90 6,2440E-14 7987,30 7987,30 8924
370 17204,10 75926,60 -1828,20 -14404,90 9,5161E+03 45165,75 46157,35 8924
380 21097,80 44320,10 -3674,60 -14163,70 1,2386E+04 29241,90 31756,92 8924
390 19697,00 25220,00 -5514,70 -13642,50 1,2606E+04 19431,25 23162,14 8924
400 16164,80 13423,20 -7246,70 -12701,80 1,1706E+04 13062,50 17540,22 8924
410 13630,60 7157,40 -8674,00 -11221,30 1,1152E+04 9189,35 14450,30 8924
420 12919,50 3721,50 -9514,90 -9166,30 1,1217E+04 6443,90 12936,19 8924
430 13622,20 1157,50 -9448,90 -6651,40 1,1536E+04 3904,45 12178,84 8924
440 14939,40 -1540,90 -8201,40 -3980,40 1,1570E+04 1219,75 11634,12 8924
450 16084,00 -4654,90 -5651,10 -1635,50 1,0868E+04 -1509,70 10972,36 8924
460 16526,10 -8020,70 -1932,10 -199,30 9,2291E+03 -3910,70 10023,47 8924
470 16044,70 -11294,40 2514,60 -213,70 6,7651E+03 -5540,35 8744,26 8924
Page | 32
alfa T1 Z1 T2 Z2 T' Z' Rp Rpmed
grd [N] [N] [N] [N] [N] [N] [N] [N]
480 14687,50 -14149,50 6974,00 -2008,90 3,8568E+03 -6070,30 7191,90 8924
490 12662,80 -16381,40 10586,90 -5559,20 1,0380E+03 -5411,10 5509,76 8924
500 10237,40 -17943,70 12550,10 -10421,50 -1,1564E+03 -3761,10 3934,86 8924
510 7645,20 -18913,00 12331,20 -15788,90 -2,3430E+03 -1562,05 2815,96 8924
520 5043,10 -19438,50 9832,40 -20655,00 -2,3947E+03 608,25 2470,74 8924
530 2497,20 -19676,60 5448,70 -24046,80 -1,4758E+03 2185,10 2636,79 8924
540 0,00 -16993,90 0,00 -25390,50 1,0410E-12 4198,30 4198,30 8924
550 -1828,20 -14404,90 -5420,40 -23921,80 1,7961E+03 4758,45 5086,14 8924
560 -3674,60 -14163,70 -9777,20 -20538,90 3,0513E+03 3187,60 4412,62 8924
570 -5514,70 -13642,50 -12251,70 -15687,10 3,3685E+03 1022,30 3520,21 8924
580 -7246,70 -12701,80 -12450,00 -10338,40 2,6017E+03 -1181,70 2857,49 8924
590 -8674,00 -11221,30 -10470,90 -5498,30 8,9845E+02 -2861,50 2999,23 8924
600 -9514,90 -9166,30 -6847,30 -1972,40 -1,3338E+03 -3596,95 3836,28 8924
610 -9448,90 -6651,40 -2382,50 -202,50 -3,5332E+03 -3224,45 4783,36 8924
620 -8201,40 -3980,40 2064,50 -212,90 -5,1330E+03 -1883,75 5467,74 8924
630 -5651,10 -1635,50 5779,10 -1672,50 -5,7151E+03 18,50 5715,13 8924
640 -1932,10 -199,30 8321,10 -4038,50 -5,1266E+03 1919,60 5474,20 8924
650 2514,60 -213,70 9557,40 -6727,70 -3,5214E+03 3257,00 4796,70 8924
660 6974,00 -2008,90 9609,80 -9257,80 -1,3179E+03 3624,45 3856,62 8924
670 10586,90 -5559,20 8754,20 -11324,90 9,1635E+02 2882,85 3024,98 8924
680 12550,10 -10421,50 7311,20 -12814,80 2,6195E+03 1196,65 2879,89 8924
690 12331,20 -15788,90 5563,10 -13762,30 3,3841E+03 -1013,30 3532,55 8924
700 9832,40 -20655,00 3706,90 -14288,10 3,0628E+03 -3183,45 4417,59 8924
710 5448,70 -24046,80 1844,30 -14532,00 1,8022E+03 -4757,40 5087,32 8924
720 0,00 -25390,50 0,00 -14600,30 1,5554E-12 -5395,10 5395,10 8924
Page | 33
-10000
-7500
-5000
-2500
0
2500
5000
7500
10000
12500
15000
17500
20000
22500
25000
27500
30000
32500
35000
37500
40000
42500
45000
47500
50000
52500
55000
57500
60000
62500
65000
67500
70000
72500
75000
77500
80000
82500
0 60 120 180 240 300 360 420 480 540 600 660 720
Rm, Rmmediu [N]
a[°]
Resultant forces on crankpin
Rm
Rmmediu
Page | 34
0
2500
5000
7500
10000
12500
15000
17500
20000
22500
25000
27500
30000
32500
35000
37500
40000
42500
45000
47500
50000
0 60 120 180 240 300 360 420 480 540 600 660 720
Rp, Rpmed [N]
a[°]
Resultant forces of landing shaft
Rp
Rpmed
Page | 35
-50000
-46000
-42000
-38000
-34000
-30000
-26000
-22000
-18000
-14000
-10000
-6000
-2000
2000
6000
10000
14000
18000
22000
26000
30000
34000
38000
42000
46000
50000
-15000 -11000 -7000 -3000 1000 5000 9000 13000Z'[N]
T'[N]
Polar diagram of landing shaft
Page | 36
Nominal power
Pm= 280 [kW] RPM n= 6500 [rpm] Elasticity coefficient c= 0,6
Parameters depending on c:
c)/(2*(1-c)) 0,75 cc 1,5 c -1,25
Rotation at maximal torque nM=c*nm 3900 [rot/min]
Moment at maximal power Mm=P/ω 411,1601 [Nm]
Angular speed ωm= 681 [rad/s]
Maximum moment MM=Mm*[1+2*nM/nm+3*(nM/nm)^2] 404,7129 [Nm]
Specific consumption cmin= 340 [g/kw/h] c=cmin*MM/Me [g/kw/h]
C=Pe*c/1000 C[kg/h]
ωm=2*3.14*n/60 [rad/s]
n[rpm] Pe[KW] Me c[kg/kwh] C[kg/h] 1000 40,97 391,09 17,59216 0,01 1200 50,88 404,71 17,00012 0,02 1400 61,22 417,36 16,48485 0,02 1600 71,92 429,04 16,03608 0,02 1800 82,93 439,75 15,64552 0,03 2000 94,18 449,48 15,30684 0,03 2200 105,62 458,24 15,01423 0,03 2400 117,18 466,02 14,76357 0,03 2600 128,80 472,83 14,55094 0,04 2800 140,42 478,67 14,37341 0,04 3000 151,98 483,54 14,22864 0,04 3200 163,42 487,43 14,11509 0,05 3400 174,67 490,35 14,03104 0,05 3600 185,68 492,30 13,97546 0,05 3800 196,38 493,27 13,94798 0,05 4000 206,72 493,27 13,94798 0,06 4200 216,63 492,30 13,97546 0,06 4400 226,04 490,35 14,03104 0,06 4600 234,91 487,43 14,11509 0,07 4800 243,17 483,54 14,22864 0,07
Page | 37
n[rpm] Pe[KW] Me c[kg/kwh] C[kg/h]
5000 250,75 478,67 14,37341 0,07 5200 257,60 472,83 14,55094 0,07 5400 263,65 466,02 14,76357 0,08 5600 268,85 458,24 15,01423 0,08 5800 273,13 449,48 15,30684 0,08 6000 276,43 439,75 15,64552 0,09 6200 278,69 429,04 16,03608 0,09 6300 279,41 423,32 16,25276 0,09 6400 279,85 417,36 16,48485 0,09 6500 280,00 411,16 16,73343 0,09 6600 279,85 404,71 17,00012 0,10 6700 279,39 398,02 17,28586 0,10 6800 278,62 391,09 17,59216 0,10 6900 277,53 383,91 17,92118 0,10 7000 276,11 376,49 18,27437 0,10
Page | 38
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500 6000 6500 7000
Pe[K
w]
Me[N
m],
c[k
g/k
wh
],C
[kg
/h]
n[rot/min]
External characteristic
Me c[kg/kwh] C[kg/h] Pe[KW]
Page | 39
Wearing diagram of the landing shaft and crankpin
Rm Angle = arctg(T/(Z+Fcb)) Rp Angle = arctg(T'/(Z'+Fcb)) Fcb =-m2b*ω^2*R= -1,2E+08
R= 50,76447 m ω= 680,3333
m2b= 5,075 kg
T [N] Z [N] T' [N] Z' [N] Rm [N] Rp [N] Rm Angle Rp Angle
0 -114532 62,4769 -44548,7 233776,5 44548,71 0 -5,2E-07
-19454,1 -109789 -6200,27 -35443,6 229858,2 35981,84 0,000163 5,2E-05
-35426,3 -96832,3 -8996,79 -24807,3 218961,9 26388,34 0,000297 7,54E-05
-45112,5 -77700,1 -7977,72 -13844,8 202045,6 15978,79 0,000378 6,69E-05
-46913,8 -55555,3 -3256,16 -3885,49 180986,1 5069,473 0,000393 2,73E-05
-40701,4 -33893,7 4604,221 3859,894 158455,1 6008,131 0,000341 -3,9E-05
-27767,8 -15875,2 14657,04 8448,134 137943,6 16917,44 0,000233 -0,00012
-10490,5 -3763,58 25688,86 9319,173 123454,9 27327 8,8E-05 -0,00022
8202,866 1405,518 36367,85 6364,183 118124,4 36920,5 -6,9E-05 -0,00031
25434,37 -124,954 45406,4 -62,4769 122049,3 45406,44 -0,00021 -0,00038
38901,44 -7053,52 51721,93 -9189,03 132153,6 52531,86 -0,00033 -0,00043
47217,66 -17432,7 54560,52 -19923,7 144603,7 58084,45 -0,0004 -0,00046
50010,55 -29157 53583,4 -30985,6 156601,9 61897,38 -0,00042 -0,00045
47784,28 -40401,5 48908,01 -41058,3 166644,1 63857,5 -0,0004 -0,00041
41613,52 -49909,8 41092,3 -48947,3 174198 63909,45 -0,00035 -0,00034
32771,43 -57081,9 31066,69 -53722 179346,2 62057,95 -0,00027 -0,00026
22401,93 -61868,3 20022,18 -54827 182493,2 58368,54 -0,00019 -0,00017
11322,85 -64532,8 9266,733 -52150,3 184126,1 52967,25 -9,5E-05 -7,8E-05
0 -65378,4 65,58633 -46039,3 184623,2 46039,37 0 -5,5E-07
-11324,5 -64542,4 -6518,37 -37267,6 184135,8 37833,34 9,49E-05 5,46E-05
-22414,6 -61903,4 -9767,93 -26939,5 182529,6 28655,74 0,000188 8,19E-05
-32814,1 -57156,3 -9419,53 -16356 179427,1 18874,48 0,000275 7,9E-05
-41715,2 -50031,7 -5732,46 -6852,82 174340,8 8934,325 0,00035 4,81E-05
-47984,9 -40571,1 489,0635 387,9318 166864,2 624,2389 0,000402 -4,1E-06
-50362 -29362 7959,584 4560,367 156908,5 9173,436 0,000422 -6,7E-05
-47785,7 -17642,4 15240,24 5495,708 144988,2 16200,85 0,000401 -0,00013
Page | 40
-39767,8 -7210,62 21717,12 3766,21 132561,1 22041,28 0,000333 -0,00018
-26700,2 -131,173 28591,61 -65,5863 122325,5 28591,68 0,000224 -0,00024
-9992,74 1712,202 -3852,69 653,4464 117956,6 3907,711 8,38E-05 3,23E-05
8024,291 -2878,79 11509,36 -4182,27 122386,9 12245,69 -6,7E-05 -9,7E-05
24444,27 -13975 19126,3 -10996,1 135443,9 22061,93 -0,0002 -0,00016
36326,11 -30250,3 24260,3 -20274 153845,2 31616,39 -0,0003 -0,0002
41346,93 -48963 23804,78 -28241,7 173215 36935,93 -0,00035 -0,0002
38482,68 -66281,2 18984,26 -32690,9 189475,1 37803,42 -0,00032 -0,00016
28633,84 -78266,2 11878,63 -32336,6 199575,8 34449,37 -0,00024 -1E-04
14743,04 -83202,1 4965,68 -27560,1 202983 28003,9 -0,00012 -4,2E-05
0 -83883,4 102,2849 -21121,6 203128,2 21121,85 0 -8,6E-07
-405,31 -2287,36 4509,49 24844,65 121532,8 25250,58 3,4E-06 -3,8E-05
-5485,75 -14994,4 7900,326 21330,61 134351,3 22746,65 4,6E-05 -6,6E-05
-8017,09 -13808,3 12967,31 22213,04 133294,4 25721 6,72E-05 -0,00011
-10297,7 -12194,5 17740,12 20974,35 131842 27470,62 8,63E-05 -0,00015
-7520,49 -6262,62 24056,74 20061,78 125732,5 31324,13 6,31E-05 -0,0002
899,3324 514,1577 31952,11 18343,02 118734 36842,96 -7,5E-06 -0,00027
13592,95 4876,595 40745,48 14730,92 115173,1 43326,6 -0,00011 -0,00034
28081,86 4811,677 46865,25 8165,152 117828,4 47571,22 -0,00024 -0,00039
41640,22 -204,57 53873,46 -102,285 126499,2 53873,56 -0,00035 -0,00045
51976,65 -9424,29 58414,14 -10401,5 138770,7 59332,99 -0,00044 -0,00049
57655,65 -21286,4 59723,92 -21830,4 151898,6 63588,62 -0,00048 -0,0005
58234,42 -33951,7 57552,9 -33301,1 163891,5 66492,87 -0,00049 -0,00048
54143,18 -45777,9 51964,34 -43643,9 173677,8 67860,76 -0,00045 -0,00044
46386,18 -55634 43341,58 -51647,3 180926,1 67423,58 -0,00039 -0,00036
36171,88 -63004,9 32623,7 -56437,8 185804,6 65188,44 -0,0003 -0,00027
24585,24 -67898 20980,95 -57481,9 188750,8 61191,28 -0,00021 -0,00018
11518,63 -65648,6 9271,638 -52195,4 185251,9 53012,5 -9,7E-05 -7,8E-05
0 -66106,7 62,07936 -45689,6 185351,5 45689,66 0 -5,2E-07
-11378,8 -64851,6 -6378,49 -36447,5 184447,7 37001,41 9,54E-05 5,35E-05
-22374,4 -61792,2 -9278,07 -25574,7 182414,4 27205,62 0,000188 7,78E-05
-32650,6 -56871,4 -8347,54 -14481,5 179117,2 16715,15 0,000274 7E-05
-41509,9 -49785,5 -3756,29 -4479,89 174052,6 5846,293 0,000348 3,15E-05
-47660,7 -40297 4009,104 3360,609 166508,6 5231,311 0,0004 -3,4E-05
-49870,7 -29075,5 13984,66 8059,102 156480 16140,62 0,000418 -0,00012
-47065,8 -17376,7 24959,21 9052,618 144501,2 26550,18 0,000395 -0,00021
-38742,2 -7024,65 35602,91 6228,822 132079,2 36143,68 0,000325 -0,0003
-25272,5 -124,159 44629,58 -62,0794 122014,9 44629,62 0,000212 -0,00037
-8043,35 1378,186 53244,17 689,0928 118140,7 53248,63 6,75E-05 -0,00045
10642,88 -3818,23 60215,77 -11636,1 123522,4 61329,76 -8,9E-05 -0,0005
27908,33 -15955,5 62370,3 -25690,9 138050,7 67454,25 -0,00023 -0,00052
Page | 41
40825,73 -33997,3 59262,91 -39554,9 158587,1 71250,83 -0,00034 -0,0005
47018,2 -55678,9 51286,73 -51296,3 181132,6 72537,19 -0,00039 -0,00043
45193,73 -77840 39543,73 -59270,7 202200,2 71251,13 -0,00038 -0,00033
35481,89 -96984,3 25678,52 -62376 219120,9 67454,85 -0,0003 -0,00022
19482,29 -109948 11622,94 -60219,3 230019,3 61330,7 -0,00016 -9,7E-05
0 -114532 -702,759 -53164,4 233776,5 53169,06 0 5,89E-06
-0,0006
-0,0005
-0,0004
-0,0003
-0,0002
-0,0001
0
0,0001
010 20 30 40
5060
7080
90100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
230
240
250
260270
280290
300310
320330340350360370380390400
410420
430440
450460
470
480
490
500
510
520
530
540
550
560
570
580
590
600
610
620630
640650
660670
680690700710720
Wearing diagram of landing shaft
Rp
Page | 42
-0,0005
-0,0004
-0,0003
-0,0002
-0,0001
0
0,0001
0,0002
0,0003
0,0004
0,0005
010 20 30 40
5060
7080
90100
110120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
230
240
250260
270280
290300
310320
330340350360370380390400410
420430
440450
460470
480
490
500
510
520
530
540
550
560
570
580
590
600
610620
630640
650660
670680
690700710720
Wearing diagram of crankpin
Rm
Page | 43
REFERENCES:
1. Abăitancei, Bobescu – Motoare pentru automobile, Editura didactică și pedagogica
București, 1975
2. Cornelui Cofaru, Nicolae Ispas, Mircea Năstăsoiu, Horia Abăitancei, Horea-Răzvan Anca,
Mihai Dogariu, Anghel Chiru, Vladimir Eni – Proiectarea Motoarelor pentru Autovehicule,
Universitatea ”Transilvania”
3. Hermann Hiereth, Peter Prenninger, Charging the Internal Combustion Engines 4. Heinz Heisler, Advanced Engine Technology