Spars and derricks

Capt. K. De Baere

Spars

• Rondhouten

• Espars

Spars - definition

• Metal construction (cylindrical or square) to support cargo handling gear, navigation lights, radio antennas, flags and sails etc.

• Samson posts (mâtereau) – light construction often used to support radar or radio antennas, deck lightening also used as ventilation shaft

• Derrick posts (mât) – Heavier construction used to support the derricks

• Derrick (mât de charge)

Older ship

Rondhouten - Espars

1. Fokkemast – mât de misaine

2. Fokkesteng – mât de hune3. Grote mast – grand mât4. Grote steng – grand mât de

hune5. Laadpalen – mât ou

mâtereau6. Laadboom – mât de charge7. Gaffel – corne de vergue

8. Vlaggestok – mât de pavillon

9. Guesstok – mât de pavillon d’étrave

Staand tuig – Le Staand tuig – Le gréement dormantgréement dormant

A. Voorstag – l’étais de misaine

B. Voorstengstag –l’étais de petit mât de hune

C. Fokkewant – les manœuvres dormantes du mât de misaine

D. Voorstengpardoen – galhauban(s)

E. Grootstag – l’étais du grand mât

F. Grootsteng gestag – l’étais du petit mât de hune

G. Grootwant – les manœuvres dormantes du grand mât

H. Grootstengpardoen – galhauban

I. Achterstag – haubanJ. KnikstagK. Schoorsteenstagen – les

étais de la cheminée

Terminology ? – I think we are lucky

Lopend tuig – le gréement courant

L. Boomhangers – martinets

M. Antenne – l’antenne

N. Vlaggelijnen - drisses

Idem dito !

Spars on a more modern coaster

1.1. Geusstok – jack staffGeusstok – jack staff

2.2. Fokkemast – foremastFokkemast – foremast

3.3. Kraanarmmik – jib Kraanarmmik – jib supportsupport

4.4. Kraanmast – pedestal + Kraanmast – pedestal + slewing bearing + crane houseslewing bearing + crane house

5.5. Radarmast and ChristmastreeRadarmast and Christmastree

6.6. Vlaggestok - flagstaffVlaggestok - flagstaff

Masts (mât) and Samson (mâtereau) posts

• On modern shipping very little standing rigging (gréement dormant) is used to keep the decks as free as possible

• Masts on general cargo ships are a lot heavier than on passenger ships or tankers

• Masts are self supporting and are passing through upper- and tweendecks

Parts of a modern mast – passing through several decks

MastklootMastklootPomme de mâtPomme de mât

StengStengLe mât de huneLe mât de hune

ZadelZadelCross treeCross tree

OndermastOndermastBas-mâtBas-mât

Parts of a modern mast

• Cross tree also serves as crow’s nest (nid de pie)• Cross tree is used to fix the mast head span blocks

(poulie de martinet)• On a certain height above deck derrick supports

are provided (to make the derricks sea fast)• Mast, samson posts, derrick supports are often

combined with ventilation shafts, deckhouses (des roufs) and entrances to the cargo holds (cales) beneath

A. Square mast – not supported

B. Samson posts (mâtereau)

C. Ventilation shaft (conduit de ventilation) also used as derrick support

D. Heavy lift derrick (boom) (grosse bigue)

E. Sea position of the derricks

Derrick - definition

• A derrick is a lifting device composed of one mast or pole which is hinged freely at the bottom. It is controlled by (usually 4) lines powered by some such means as man-hauling or motors, so that the pole can move in all 4 directions. A line runs up it and over its top with a hook on the end,

• The device was named after Thomas Derrick, an English executioner (beul – bourreau) from the Elizabethan era because of its resemblance of the frame from which a hangman's noose (strop – corde) hangs.

a. Derrick

b. Heel fitting + gooseneck trunnion

c. Derrick head

d. Mast head span eye fitting

e. Mast head span block

f. Span rope

g. Monkey face

h. Span chain

i. Topping lift

j. Snatch block

k. (k-l-m-r) clew lines – Slewing guy

p. Cargo runner

q. Load hook

F

a. Derrickb. Heel fitting + gooseneck

trunnionc. Derrick headd. Mast head span eye fittinge. Mast head span blockf. Topping lift – span ropeg. Monkey faceh. Span chaini. Topping ropej. Snatch blockk. (k-l-m-r) clew lines – Slewing

guyn. Cargo blocko. Heel lead blockp. Cargo runnerq. Load hook

a. Laadboomb. Lummelpot met lummel

c. Nok van de boomd. Hangeroog aan de maste. Hangerblokf. Hangerg. Walmplaath. Hangerkettingi. Boomtopperj. Voetblokk. (k-l-m-r) boomgeienn. Cargo bloko. Rammelblokp. Laadreepq. Laadhaak

a. Derrickb. Heel fitting + gooesneck

trunnionc. Derrick headd. Mast head span eye fittinge. Mast head span blockf. Topping lift – span ropeg. Monkey faceh. Span chaini. Topping ropej. Snatch blockk. (k-l-m-r) clew lines – Slewing

guyn. Cargo blocko. Heel lead blockp. Cargo runnerq. Load hook

a. Mât ou corne de chargeb. Ferrement de pivot de pied

de cornec. Tête de corned. Support de poulie de retoure. Poulie de retour ou poulie de

martinetf. Palan de suspente - martinetg. Trèfle ou pallonierh. Chaine d’apiquagei. Cable d’apiquagej. Poulie de retourk. (k-l-m-r) pantoires de

brassagen. Poulie de levageo. Poulie de retourp. Cartahu – câble de levageq. Crochet de levage

Légende de la figure

a) Mât de charge ou corne de charge

b) Crapaudine

c) Poulie de retour

d) Mâterau

e) Poulie de martinet

f) Martinet

g) Maille d’assemblage

h) Chaîne de martinet

i) Queue de martinet

j) Polie de retour

k) Palan de garde

o) Poulie de charge

p) Cartahu

q) Crochet de charge

r) Treuil de charge

Legende van de figuur

a) Laadboom

b) Lummel

c) Voetblok of rammelblok

d) Mast

e) Hangerblok

f) Hanger

g) Walmplaat

h) Hangerketting

i) Boomtopper

j) Voetblok

k) Boomgeien

o) Laadblok

p) Laadreep

q) Laadhaak

r) Laadlier

Twin span derrick for heavy loads – Mât de charge à deux palans d’apiquage pour charges lourdes

Twin span derrick for heavy loads – Mât de charge à deux palans d’apiquage pour charges lourdes

1.Portal mast, mât portique2.Cross tree (or upper transverse beam), hunc (ou traverse supérieure). 3.Mast head cargo lead block bearing bracket, support de marionnette de poulie de

retour de levage en tête de mât.4.Mast head span bearing bracket, support de marionnette d’apiquage en tête de mât.5.Mast head span lead block bearing bracket, support de marionnette de poulie de

retour d’apiquage en tête de mât.6.King post, mâtereau support de bigue. 7.Heavy derrick boom, bigue.8.Derrick head span fitting, ferrement d’attache des palans d’apiquage en tête dc

bigue.9.Derrick head cargo fitting, ferrement d’attache du palan de levage en tête de bigue.

Twin span derrick for heavy loads – Mât de charge à deux palans d’apiquage pour charges lourdes

10. Derrick heel fitting, ferrement de pied de bigue. 11. Gooseneck trunnion, pivot dc pied dc bigue. 12. Cargo winch, treuil de levage (ou treuil de charge).13. Cargo runner (or cargo rope, or hoisting rope, or lifting rope, or cargo fall),

câble de levage, (ou câble de hissage, ou cartahu, ou garant de charge).14. Mast head cargo lead block, poulie de retour de levage en tête de mât.15. Cargo lead block trunnion, marionnette de poulie de retour de levage.16. derrick head built in sheave, réa incorporé en tête de bigue17. Shackles, manilles18. upper cargo (purchase) block (or derrick head cargo (purchase) block), poulie

haute de levage (ou moufle supérieure de levage (ou moufle) supérieure de levage)

19. Lower cargo block (or lower cargo purchase block), poulie basse de levage (ou moufle inférieure de levage).

Twin span derrick for heavy loads – Mât de charge à deux palans d’apiquage pour charges lourdes

20. Becket, ringot.21. Ramshorn hook, crochet double.22. Cargo tackle, palan de levage.23. Span winches (used also for slewing motions), treuils d’apiquage (utilisés

également pour les mouvements de brassage).24. Span ropes, câbles d’apiquage.25. Mast head span lead block, poulie de retour d’apiquage en tête de mât26. Span lead block trunnion, marionnette de poulie de retour d’apiquage.27. Derrick head span (purchase) block (or lower span (purchase) block), poulie

(ou moufle) d’apiquageen tête dc bigue (ou poulie basse d’apiquage, ou muoufle inférieure d’apiquage).

28. Span triangle plate. trèfle (ou palonnier) d’apiquage.29. swivel, émerillon

Twin span derrick for heavy loads – Mât de charge à deux palans d’apiquage pour charges lourdes

30. Span block trunnion, marionnette d’apiquage.

31. Double connecting fork, chape double de liason

32. Mast head span (purchase) block (or upper span (purchase) block), poulie (ou moufle) d’apiquage en tête de mât (ou poulie basse d’apiquage ou mofle supérieure d’apiquage ).

33. Span/slewing tackles, palans d’apiquage/brassage

Derricks - details

• Derricks are constructed out of Mannesman tubes

• Mannesman tubes have a larger diameter in the middle

• The bending moment (contrainte de flexion)is the greatest in the middle

Derrick Heel Gooseneck FittingFerrement de pivot de pied de corne

Lummel (crapaudine), lummelpot en bevestiging rammelblok (poulie de retour)

Derrick Heel Gooseneck Fitting

Ferrement de pivot de pied de corne

Lummel, lummelpot en bevestiging rammelblok

(poulie de retour)

Derrick headA. Mast head with provisions

for the slewing guys (gardes – palans de brassage)

B. Mast head supportC. Span rope (to hold the derrick

in a certain position)(câble dormant d’apiquage ou martinet)

D. Cargo blockE. Slewing guys (gardes –

pantoires – palans de brassage))

F. Topping lift (to change the elevation of the derrick)(palan de suspente)

Span block fitting

• The hanger block (poulie de martinet) must be attached so it can follow the movements of the derrick

Running hanger – topping lift• Heavy steel wire• One end is attached at the

mast head, the other end goes to the the topping winch

a. Saw tooth drum edge (bords dentés du tambour)

b. Blocking device (barre de bloquage avec poignée)

c. Topping lift (Queue d’apiquage -> cargo winch)

d. Span rope (martinet)

Topping/lowering a derrick• Topping lift is fastened on f.i. on a cargo winch or

topping winch• When topping (heaving) the blocking bar rattles the

indents on the drum edge• When the correct elevation has been reached the

blocking falls behind the indents• When slacking the topping lift the tension is

transferred to the the span rope• If you want to lower the derrick the tension is

transferred to the cargo winch by means of the topping lift. Hence the blocking bar can be lifted and the topping lift and span rope slacked

Cargo Blocks and Heel lead Blocks

• Used to guide the cargo runner (cartahu)

• SWL of the block = SWL on a single cargo runner

• The point of suspension (point de soutien) of the block (poulie) will carry twice this weight

Cargo Blocks and Heel lead Blocks

Lower cargo blocks (poulie

de levage inferieur) and load hooks

Safety hooks and Safety hooks and variationsvariations

Cargo hooks (crochet de leave) – 1 sheave (réa)

Cargo hook – 2 sheaves (réa)

Different Cargo hooks

Heavy Duty models

Velle Derrick => 1 man operation• Derricks are provided with Derricks are provided with

2 double topping/slewing 2 double topping/slewing guysguys (gardes – palans de (gardes – palans de brassage)brassage)

• Slewing guys: If one is Slewing guys: If one is slacked and the other one is slacked and the other one is heaved at the same time the heaved at the same time the derrick swings in the derrick swings in the direction of the rope being direction of the rope being shortened.shortened.

• Both slewing guys are Both slewing guys are directed to the same directed to the same slewing winch but are slewing winch but are mounted in opposite mounted in opposite directionsdirections

Topping winch Slewing Winch

Same Sense Opposite sense

Treuil d’apiquage Treuil de brassage

Velle Derrick

• Both other ends of the Both other ends of the slewing/topping guys are slewing/topping guys are directed to the topping directed to the topping winch but here they are winch but here they are mounted in the same mounted in the same sense. If the winch is sense. If the winch is operated both are turning operated both are turning in the same direction and in the same direction and the derrick is lowered or the derrick is lowered or heaved upheaved up

• Spreader = Traversin = Spreader = Traversin = dwarsbalkdwarsbalk

Velle Derrick

Velle Derricks

MV Advantage

• 1 Stulcken derrick 150 MT

• 4 Velle derricks 35MT

Velle Derrick

Velle Derrick

Hallen Derrick

Similar working principle to the Velle Patent.

No Spreader (traversin) – Function has been taken by the very typical construction at the top of the mast

Hallen Derrick

Hallen Derrick

Heavy lift derricks

• Fully rigged heavy lift derrick in upright position (la grosse bigue avec gréement complet)

Heavy Lift DerrickStulcken Patent

Heavy Lift Derrick

Stulcken Patent

Stulcken 105 ton

Stulcken 150 ton

Revolving Cranes

• In revolving cranes, the entire topping moment In revolving cranes, the entire topping moment ((moment de suspente ou d’apiquagemoment de suspente ou d’apiquage) that is working on ) that is working on the crane is transferred to the ship’s construction via the crane is transferred to the ship’s construction via the slewing bearing (the slewing bearing (roulement de rotationroulement de rotation). This ). This system, however, is not suitable for very large forces system, however, is not suitable for very large forces like the ones on heavy lift ships. Instead, derricks (mast like the ones on heavy lift ships. Instead, derricks (mast cranes) are still used.cranes) are still used.

• A feature of a A feature of a mast cranemast crane is that the crane is built on a is that the crane is built on a heavy, fixed mast. Theheavy, fixed mast. The jib is attached in two places to a jib is attached in two places to a slewing platform.slewing platform.

Revolving Cranes

• The pulley block and the fixed top blocks (poulie de The pulley block and the fixed top blocks (poulie de retour – poulie du martinet) (hangerblok & retour – poulie du martinet) (hangerblok & rammelblok) are located in the top of the mast. The toprammelblok) are located in the top of the mast. The top of the mast is free to rotate relative to theof the mast is free to rotate relative to the mast mast foundationfoundation and rotates together with the jib (flèche). and rotates together with the jib (flèche). The derricks described here often have no crane cabin. The derricks described here often have no crane cabin. The crane is remote controlled by a control panel that The crane is remote controlled by a control panel that either lies somewhere or is strapped onto the shoulders either lies somewhere or is strapped onto the shoulders of an operator. The cranes depicted here are all driven of an operator. The cranes depicted here are all driven electrically.electrically.

Mast Cranes

• The hook block (poulie de levage) is made so heavy that The hook block (poulie de levage) is made so heavy that it slacks (larguer) itself. This is necessary, but requires it slacks (larguer) itself. This is necessary, but requires a large weight because the runner (cartahu) is a very a large weight because the runner (cartahu) is a very thick and therefore tough steel cable that does not slack thick and therefore tough steel cable that does not slack easily.easily.

2 Mast Cranes

Working A Heavy

Piece Of Cargo in Tandem

Mast Cranes

Legend

1.1. MastMast

2.2. JibJib

3.3. Topping lift & running Topping lift & running part of the hoisting part of the hoisting roperope

4.4. Hook BlockHook Block

5.5. Cargo HookCargo Hook

6.6. Hook of auxiliary hoistHook of auxiliary hoist

7.7. Slewing bearingSlewing bearing

8.8. Mast foundationMast foundation

9.9. HatchHatch

10.10. Anti-heeling tanksAnti-heeling tanks

11.11. Top of the mastTop of the mast