Date post: | 01-Nov-2014 |
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Technology |
Upload: | nathan-strout |
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SDS Knowledge Portal
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Superior Cronese DWMA
Western Expansion Area
Fort IrwinNTC
! Observation Points
# Transect Start Points
Sand-Gravel
Rocky
Sandy Wash
Desert Pavement
Erosional Highlands
Aeolian Sand
Playa
Rocky Wash
Inselberg
Sand Sheet
SUPERIOR-CRONESE
Geomorphology Western Expansion Area
´0 2 4 6 81Miles
Complexities of spatial decision makingSpatial decision making faces various decision complexities such as
• Spatial nature and temporal development of phenomena and processes;
• Complex multi-dimensional and heterogeneous data describing decision situations;
• Large or extremely large data sets that include data in numerical, map, image, text, and other forms;
• Large number of available alternatives or a need to generate decision alternatives "on the fly" according to the changing situation;
• Multiple participants with different and often conflicting interests;
• Multiple categories of knowledge involved, including expert knowledge and layman knowledge.
http://geoanalytics.net/VisA-SDS-2006/
Definition of Spatial Decision Support (SDS)
Spatial decision support is the computational or informational assistance for making better informed decisions about problems with a geographic or spatial component. This support assists with the development, evaluation and selection of proper policies, plans, scenarios, projects, interventions, or solution strategies.
Spatial Decision Support Consortium, 2008
Body of Knowledge in SDS
Status of the field of SDS• Active field of research and practice• Vast amount of information/knowledge on spatial decision support • Countless publications on decision process, methods, etc.• Large numbers of SDS resources (e.g. tools) developed for all kinds
of applications, many for specific project needs
The Need• Systematic organization/presentation of the body of knowledge in
SDS• Easy access of SDS resources and understanding of their
functionalities Need for Spatial Decision Support Knowledge Portal
Objectives
• Identify the structure underlying the body of knowledge on SDS, e.g.
• Common workflows during decision making process• Common set of methods associated with specific steps of these
workflows during a decision process• Tools that implement a particular method
• Organize/structure the body of knowledge in SDS on the Portal• Establish a standardized terminology within a user community• Facilitate access of SDS Resources• Help improve the quality of decision making
SDS Knowledge Portal
Approach
Develop a common organizational conceptual framework– using ontologies, containing
• SDS related concepts, organized into • Hierarchies/graphs, with each concept defined by
• Name, synonyms, acronyms/abbreviations ( standard vocabulary)
• Description,• Set of formally defined attributes• Set of formally defined relations to other concepts
The content of the SDS Portal is formalized it can be queried easily
SDS Knowledge Portal
KnowledgePortal
- User accessing knowledge about SDS, learning about decision process, methods, etc.
ResourcePortal
- User seeking resource info: tools, models, data sources, case studs, literature, etc
SolutionPortal
- User seeking resource recommendations for their specific decision problem solution
Incremental development of the SDS portal
SDS Knowledge Portal
• Establishment of the SDS Consortium
• Developed a conceptual framework for the body of knowledge in SDS
• Systematically classified various SDS resources
• Established a standard set of terms
• Developed the SDS Knowledge Portal
• Public release in April 2009• 2 incremental new releases
since then, with one coming up soon
Current status of the SDS Knowledge Portal
The SDS Conceptual framework includes > 800 concepts with natural language definition as well as formally defined logical relations among the concepts, describing
• Spatial decision problem types
• Decision contexts• Knowledge domains and
application domains• Decision process phase
and steps• Methods and techniques• Various resources
including tools and models, data sources, case studies, etc.
Current status of the SDS Knowledge Portal
• ~ 100 methods and techniques
• > 80 SDS tools and models
• > 20 data sources• > 20 data models• 8 decision process
workflow templates• > 20 case studies• > 600 literature
references• > 40 related
websites
Current status of the SDS Knowledge Portal
The conceptual framework is coded in description logic (OWL web ontology language):
• Flexible enough for capturing the hierarchical as well as associative relations among concepts
• Rigorous enough for automatic consistency checking of the conceptual framework• Enables semantic query with inferencing to derive implicit knowledge
The way information is organized on the Portal by ontologies facilitates information retrieval on the Portal. The user can :
• Browse the conceptual hierarchy• Follow the hierarchical structure in the ontologies• Follow the relation links from concept to concept
• Search for a concept in the ontologies• Browse resources (literature, SDS tools and models, case studies, data
sources, data models, etc.) Multiple ways of browsing, e.g. for tools:• Browse by name• Browse by decision problem types• Browse by decision process steps• Browse by application domain• Browse by knowledge domain• Etc.
• Search tools or case studies with multiple search criteria (concept search)
• Search literature – conventional bibliographical and full text keyword search, as well concept search.
Current status of the SDS Knowledge Portal
• Further addition to the Portal content, especially in the areas of• Decision process workflows• Relationship between decision problem types and methods• Collaboration decision making methods and tools• SDS resources
• Supporting users in solving their decision problems:• Include more relevant SDS resources• Improve browse/search functionality on the Portal for solution
resources• Portal makes recommendation on solution resources• User case studies inform the Portal development
• Work towards tools/models interoperability
Ongoing research on SDS Knowledge Portal
• Further addition to the Portal content, especially in the areas of• Decision process workflows• Relationship between decision problem types and methods• Collaboration decision making methods and tools• SDS resources
• Supporting the user in solving their decision problems:• Include more relevant SDS resources• Improve browse/search functionality on the Portal for solution
resources• Portal makes recommendation on solution resources• Clients case studies inform the Portal development
• Work towards tools/models interoperability
Ongoing research on SDS Knowledge Portal
User inputFrom reasoning
User input information about their specific decision problem
User input information about their specific decision problem
The Portal runs an inferences engine based on
• Existing information on the Portal
• A set of inferencing rules (implemented with SPARQL)
The portal derives a subset of SDS resources that may be applicable for the user’s decision problem, and recommend them to the user.
• Further addition to the Portal content, especially in the areas of• Decision process workflows• Relationship between decision problem types and methods• Collaboration decision making methods and tools• SDS resources
• Supporting the user in solving their decision problems:• Include more relevant SDS resources• Improve browse/search functionality on the Portal for solution
resources• Portal makes recommendation on solution resources• Clients case studies inform the Portal development
• Work towards tools/models interoperability
Ongoing research on SDS Knowledge Portal
More efforts towards promoting tools interoperability/chaining
The tools now have finer grained definitions in terms of: The type of decision problems they address The steps/tasks during the decision process they
support The knowledge domains they model The modeling/calculation method they implement The application domain they are used in As well as other properties related to their
analysis scale, input/output requirements, systems requirement, and other general descriptions
Nathan StroutNaicong Li
Redlands InstituteUniversity of Redlands
[email protected] [email protected]
http://www.spatial.redlands.edu/sds http://www.spatial.redlands.edu/redlandsinstitute
Questions?