SPATIAL POLICY AND DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY OF

KALIMANTAN-SARAWAK-SABAH BORDER AREASPATIAL POLICY AND DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY OF

KALIMANTAN-SARAWAK-SABAH BORDER AREA

prepared for :

Meeting on Cross Border Trade and Commerce Development and Spatial Planning Harmonization of Kalimantan-Sarawak-Sabah (KASABA) Border

Area between the Government of Indonesia and State of Sarawak and Sabah

Balikpapan, East Kalimantan, October 14, 2003

DIRECTORATE GENERAL OF SPATIAL PLANNINGMINISTRY OF SETTLEMENTS AND REGIONAL INFRASTRUCTURE

SPATIAL POLICY AND STRATEGY OF DEVELOPMENTKALIMANTAN-SERAWAK-SABAH-BORDER AREA

ANALYTICAL FRAMEWORK

• The Guidelines of State Policy (GBHN)• Law No. 24/1992, Spatial Use Management

• Law No. 25/2000, National Development Program (Propenas)• Government Regulation No. 47/1999, National Spatial Plan

Vision :“The realization of Kalimantan-Serawak-Sabah Border Area as the advanced, prosperous, secure, and eternal country’s front line in

sovereignty of the Republic of Indonesia.”

The objective, targets and position of Spatial Structure

Policy and Strategy

Spatial Planning of KASABA Border Area (Rencana Tata Ruang)

Structure of Spatial Utilization• Settlement Center System,

Transportation System, Utility Network

Pattern of Spatial Utilization• Protection Area• Cultivation Area

Mission

KASABA Border Area DevelopmentAction Program

Definition:

Border Area is a specific area which is geographically directly bordering with neighbor country, and decided by the function of “Security, Prosperity and Environment Sustainability”

Law No. 24/1992 concerning Spatial Planning:(explanation of ch. 8 sub-ch. 2, ch. 10 sub-ch. 3 & 4)

Border Area is a strategic area prioritized for national concern based on strategic criteria (national defense and security):

• Formulation of its spatial plan is coordinated by Minister• Its management as a part of Provincial Spatial Plan is directed by

Governor • As a part of District Spatial Plan, it is managed by Bupati/Walikota

Concerning border area strategic function for strengthening national integration and improving social welfare, and its condition as

specific area

The need of legal aspect for KASABA Border Area spatial planning,

formulated as Presidential Decree (Keppres)

Law of Spatial Planning, ch. 23 sub-ch. (2)

•National Spatial Plan (RTRWN)

Specific Area Spatial Plan in the context of national spatial planning is an integrated part of Provincial Spatial Plan and or District Spatial Plan stated by Presidential Decree.

Explanation of ch. 23 sub-ch. (2)Specific Area is a strategic area prioritized for national

concern based on strategic criteria as stated in ch. 10 sub-ch. (3):

Strategic value is decided by activities in the area:a. Significantly influence its surrounding area development;b. Importantly affect similar activity and or other activities;c. Stimulus for improving social welfare and national defense and

security.

VISIT NANGA BADAUVISIT NANGA BADAU

• Outer island or borderline (threaten territory)

• Disparity (economic, infrastructure & facilities, social, or other aspects)

• Growth center and gate (prosperity and marketing access)

• Over-exploitation of natural resources and human resources, environment degradation and illegal logging, illegal fishing, illegal mining, illegal labor

1. PARLIAMENT DECREE No. IV/MPR/1999: Prioritizing development in border area by decentralization principles

2. Draft of Presidential Decree on National Policy and Strategy of Small Islands Development

3. Executive Meeting, 22 Agustus 2002: border area development policy:1) “country front line”2) security, prosperity, and environment3) management of conservation area4) selective growth center5) coordination with neighbor country

4. Draft of Law on Country Border5. National Working Group Meeting of National Spatial

Coordination Body 13 – 14 July 2003: Accelerating border area spatial planning synergized with neighbor country spatial plan, as basis for sectoral and local development

NoNo BORDER AREABORDER AREA

11 NAD/North Sumatera – India/Thailand/Malaysia NAD/North Sumatera – India/Thailand/Malaysia

22 Riau/Riau Islands (Natuna Islands) – Riau/Riau Islands (Natuna Islands) – Malaysia/Vietnam/SingapuraMalaysia/Vietnam/Singapura

33 Kalimantan (West Kalimantan & East Kalimantan) – Kalimantan (West Kalimantan & East Kalimantan) – Sabah/Sarawak (Malaysia)Sabah/Sarawak (Malaysia)

44 Belu (East Nusatenggara) – Timor Leste/AustraliaBelu (East Nusatenggara) – Timor Leste/Australia

55 Alor Islands (East Nusatenggara) – Timor LesteAlor Islands (East Nusatenggara) – Timor Leste

66 Papua – Papua New GuineaPapua – Papua New Guinea

77 Maluku (Wetar Island, Babar) – Australia/Timor Leste Maluku (Wetar Island, Babar) – Australia/Timor Leste

88 North Maluku/Papua – PalauNorth Maluku/Papua – Palau

99 Sangihe Talaud, Mianggas Islands (North Sulawesi) – Sangihe Talaud, Mianggas Islands (North Sulawesi) –

PhilipinaPhilipina

NoNo Border AreaBorder Area

Land Land (L)(L)

/Sea /Sea (S)(S)

aa bb cc dd

11 NAD/North Sumatera – India/Thailand/MalaysiaNAD/North Sumatera – India/Thailand/Malaysia SS -- -- --

22 Riau/Riau Islands (Natuna Islands) Riau/Riau Islands (Natuna Islands) –Malaysia/Vietnam/Singapura–Malaysia/Vietnam/Singapura

SS

33 Kalimantan (West Kalimantan & East Kalimantan) – Kalimantan (West Kalimantan & East Kalimantan) – Sabah/Sarawak (Malaysia)Sabah/Sarawak (Malaysia)

LL

44 Belu (East Nusatenggara) – Timor LesteBelu (East Nusatenggara) – Timor Leste LL

55 Alor Islands (East Nusatenggara) – Timor LesteAlor Islands (East Nusatenggara) – Timor Leste SS -- --

66 Papua – Papua New GuineaPapua – Papua New Guinea LL --

77 Maluku (Wetar Island, Babar) – Australia/Timor Leste Maluku (Wetar Island, Babar) – Australia/Timor Leste SS

88 North Maluku/Papua – PalauNorth Maluku/Papua – Palau SS --

99 Sangihe Talaud, Mianggas Island (Sulawesi Utara) – Sangihe Talaud, Mianggas Island (Sulawesi Utara) –

PhilipinaPhilipina

SS

Notes: a. Outer island or borderline (threaten territory)b. Disparity (economic, infrastructure & facilities, social, or other aspects)c. Growth center and gate (prosperity and marketing access)d. Over-exploitation of natural resources and human resources, environment degradation and illegal

logging, illegal fishing, illegal mining, illegal labor

Western IndonesiaWestern Indonesia

Central Central IndonesiaIndonesia

Eastern IndonesiaEastern Indonesia

1.1. Katastara Aceh – IndiaKatastara Aceh – India

2.2. Katastara Riau – Malaysia/SingapuraKatastara Riau – Malaysia/Singapura

3.3. Katastara KASABAKatastara KASABA

4.4. Katastara Sangihe Talaud – PhillipineKatastara Sangihe Talaud – Phillipine

5.5. Katastara Papua – PNGKatastara Papua – PNG

6.6. Katastara Laut Banda – Katastara Laut Banda – Australia,Timor LesteAustralia,Timor Leste

7.7. Katastara West Timor – Timor LesteKatastara West Timor – Timor Leste

8.8. Katastara Alor Islands – Timor LesteKatastara Alor Islands – Timor Leste

9.9. Katastara North Maluku – PalauKatastara North Maluku – Palau

Border Area (KATASTARA)Border Area (KATASTARA)Appendix of Government Regulation No.47/1997: National Spatial Plan

List of Specific Area: 23 (41 in Review of National Spatial Plan)

Indonesia-Malaysia KASABA Border Area covers land border area and sea border area.

Spatial Planning of KASABA Border Area is administratively delineated by 26 sub-districts or 8 districts:

West Kalimantan: 5 districts: Sambas, Bengkayang, Sanggau, Sintang, Kapuas Hulu; and 15 sub-districts: Paloh, Sajingan Besar, Jagoi Babang, Siding, Entikong, Sekayam, Ketungau Hulu, Ketungau Tengah, Empanang, Puring Kencana, Badau, Batang Lupar, Embaloh Hulu, Putussibau, Kedamin

East Kalimantan: 3 districts: Kutai Barat, Malinau, Nunukan; and 11 sub-districts: Long Apari, Long Pahangai, Kayan Hulu, Kayan Hilir, Pujungan, Krayan Selatan, Krayan, Lumbis, Nunukan, Sebatik, Sebuku

Spatial Planning of KASABA Border Area covers:

1. Spatial Policy of KASABA Border Area Development

2. Spatial Strategy of KASABA Border Area Development

3. Spatial structure and pattern of KASABA Border Area

Main Issues of Land Border AreaMain Issues of Land Border Area

Economic disparity compare to neighbor country.

Illegal labor in border towns.

Degradation of conservation area and protection forest (illegal logging).

Shifting of country border pole.

Lack of customs facility and infrastructures (timber smuggling, illegal logging and motor vehicles).

Isolation of border area, caused by lack of regional infrastructure services.

Main Issues of Sea Border AreaMain Issues of Sea Border Area

Lack of information services for fisherman in border area.

Illegal labor flow and sea stealing.

Lack of cross-border trade monitoring.

Lack of marine resources exploitation controlling.

Lack of exploitation and monitoring of small islands.

Lack of transportation facilities and infrastructures (isolated area and lack of accessibility).

Formulation Process of KASABA Border Area

Spatial Planning

A. Formulation of Technical Substance, through:

Discussion with provincial government and 5 district governments of West Kalimantan, with provincial government and 3 district governments of East Kalimantan.

Discussion with sectoral institution in Jakarta.

Distribution of technical substance to 2 provincial governments and 8 district governments.

B. Formulation of Presidential Decree Draft:

Discussion with sectoral institution (Working Group II National Spatial Coordination Body) and local (provincial and district) government in Jakarta.

Technical Team Meeting of National Spatial Coordination Body.

NoNo ActivityActivity DateDate OutputOutput

11 Visiting Nanga Badau Cross Border Checking Visiting Nanga Badau Cross Border Checking Post (CBCP) by central government, local Post (CBCP) by central government, local government and local representativesgovernment and local representatives

July 2001July 2001 Preliminary assessment of Nanga Badau Border Preliminary assessment of Nanga Badau Border AreaArea

22 Meeting of West Kalimantan Provincial Meeting of West Kalimantan Provincial Government – Sarawak State GovernmentGovernment – Sarawak State Government

20022002 Agreement of Nanga Badau gate location, first Agreement of Nanga Badau gate location, first stone for Nanga Badau custom buildingstone for Nanga Badau custom building

33 Presentation of Bupati Nunukan at Dep. Presentation of Bupati Nunukan at Dep. Kimpraswil: importance of Kab. Nunukan as its Kimpraswil: importance of Kab. Nunukan as its location directly facing neighbor countrylocation directly facing neighbor country

October 2002October 2002 Proposing Integrated Economic Development Area Proposing Integrated Economic Development Area of KASABA Border Area, supported by its spatial of KASABA Border Area, supported by its spatial plan and sufficient infrastructureplan and sufficient infrastructure

44 Site visit and discussion with Ministry of Site visit and discussion with Ministry of Kunjungan lapangan dan pembahasan Kunjungan lapangan dan pembahasan Kawasan Perbatasan dengan Menneg. PPKTI, Kawasan Perbatasan dengan Menneg. PPKTI, beserta rombongan Gub. Kalbarbeserta rombongan Gub. Kalbar

Mei 2003Mei 2003 Usulan Keppres Badan Pengelola Kawasan Usulan Keppres Badan Pengelola Kawasan Perbatasan Kalbar – Sarawak Perbatasan Kalbar – Sarawak

55 Rapat Pokja II BKTRN di Jakarta tentang RTR Rapat Pokja II BKTRN di Jakarta tentang RTR Pulau Kalimantan dan Rakeppres PerbatasanPulau Kalimantan dan Rakeppres Perbatasan

16 Juni 200316 Juni 2003 Masukan dan koreksi terhadap Rakeppres tentang Masukan dan koreksi terhadap Rakeppres tentang Penataan Ruang Kawasan Perbatasan KASABAPenataan Ruang Kawasan Perbatasan KASABA

66 Rapat Pra Rakernas BKTRN di Ditjen. Bangda Rapat Pra Rakernas BKTRN di Ditjen. Bangda 26 Juni 200326 Juni 2003 Masukan dan koreksi terhadap RakeppresMasukan dan koreksi terhadap Rakeppres

77 Kunjungan Lapangan Tim Kerjasama Kunjungan Lapangan Tim Kerjasama SOSEKMALINDOSOSEKMALINDO

30 Juni 200330 Juni 2003 Forum Kesepakatan dan perumusan Action PlanForum Kesepakatan dan perumusan Action Plan

88 Rakernas tentang Penataan Ruang sebagai Rakernas tentang Penataan Ruang sebagai landasan untuk memperkuat NKRI di Surabaya landasan untuk memperkuat NKRI di Surabaya (BKTRN)(BKTRN)

14 Juli 200314 Juli 2003 Komitmen bersama Pusat – Pemprop/kab: produk Komitmen bersama Pusat – Pemprop/kab: produk PR perbatasan menjadi pedoman penyelenggaraan PR perbatasan menjadi pedoman penyelenggaraan pembangunan kawasan perbatasanpembangunan kawasan perbatasan

99 Working Group Meeting on Construction and Working Group Meeting on Construction and Construction Materials BIMP-EAGA di Construction Materials BIMP-EAGA di BalikpapanBalikpapan

24 – 25 Juli 24 – 25 Juli 20032003

Penetapan rencana pertemuan khusus antara Penetapan rencana pertemuan khusus antara Indonesia – Malaysia: Jakstra Pengembangan Indonesia – Malaysia: Jakstra Pengembangan Kawasan PerbatasanKawasan Perbatasan

CHRONOLOGY OF FORMULATION OF KASABA BORDER AREA SPATIAL PLANCHRONOLOGY OF FORMULATION OF KASABA BORDER AREA SPATIAL PLAN

NoNo KegiatanKegiatan WaktuWaktu HasilHasil

1010 Pembahasan RTR Kawasan Perbatasan Pembahasan RTR Kawasan Perbatasan antara Ditjen. Taru dengan Pemda antara Ditjen. Taru dengan Pemda Kab./Kota Kalbar + Kaltim di SamarindaKab./Kota Kalbar + Kaltim di Samarinda

4 September 20034 September 2003 Masukan dan koreksi Rakeppres dan indikasi Masukan dan koreksi Rakeppres dan indikasi programprogram

1111 Pertemuan BIMP-EAGA di DavaoPertemuan BIMP-EAGA di Davao 10 September 200310 September 2003 Laporan Working Group pada forum SOM: telah Laporan Working Group pada forum SOM: telah dipresentasikan Jakstra Kawasan Perbatasan dipresentasikan Jakstra Kawasan Perbatasan

1212 Pembahasan internal di lingkungan Ditjen. Pembahasan internal di lingkungan Ditjen. TaruTaru

18 September 200318 September 2003 Bahan masukan untuk pertemuan Tim Teknis Bahan masukan untuk pertemuan Tim Teknis BKTRNBKTRN

1313 Pembahasan RTR Kawasan Perbatasan Pembahasan RTR Kawasan Perbatasan Ditjen. Taru + Ditjen. Pelaksanaan dengan Ditjen. Taru + Ditjen. Pelaksanaan dengan Pemda Kalbar + Kaltim Pemda Kalbar + Kaltim

19 September 200319 September 2003 1.1. RTR Kawasan Perbatasan KASABA menjadi RTR Kawasan Perbatasan KASABA menjadi contoh untuk kawasan perbatasan lainnyacontoh untuk kawasan perbatasan lainnya

2.2. Usulan penetapan kawasan pengembangan Usulan penetapan kawasan pengembangan dengan prioritasdengan prioritas

1414 Pertemuan Tim Teknis BKTRN tentang Pertemuan Tim Teknis BKTRN tentang RTRWN, RTRW Pulau serta Jakstra dan RTRWN, RTRW Pulau serta Jakstra dan Rakeppres Kawasan PerbatasanRakeppres Kawasan Perbatasan

26 September 200326 September 2003 1.1. RTR Kawasan Perbatasan harus disetujui Dep. RTR Kawasan Perbatasan harus disetujui Dep. dan Gubernur terkaitdan Gubernur terkait

2.2. Peta mengacu pada PP 10/2001Peta mengacu pada PP 10/20013.3. Disesuaikan dengan Renstra Perbatasan (Dep. Disesuaikan dengan Renstra Perbatasan (Dep.

Kehutanan)Kehutanan)

1515 Pertemuan di Menko Perekonomian Pertemuan di Menko Perekonomian tentang Pra Pertemuan Negara RI dengan tentang Pra Pertemuan Negara RI dengan Negara Bagian Sarawak-SabahNegara Bagian Sarawak-Sabah

3 Oktober 20033 Oktober 2003 Pertemuan tindak lanjut antar departemen terkait Pertemuan tindak lanjut antar departemen terkait untuk memberikan tanggapan draf paper dari untuk memberikan tanggapan draf paper dari Malaysia agar diperoleh persepsi yang samaMalaysia agar diperoleh persepsi yang sama

1616 Konsinyasi Pembahasan RTRWN, RTRW Konsinyasi Pembahasan RTRWN, RTRW Pulau, Rakeppres Kawasa Perbatasan Pulau, Rakeppres Kawasa Perbatasan KASABAKASABA

13 – 16 Oktober 200313 – 16 Oktober 2003 Draf final naskah sebagai bahan pembahasan di Draf final naskah sebagai bahan pembahasan di BKTRNBKTRN

BACKGROUNDBACKGROUND

Principles• Guidelines of State Policy (GBHN 1999-2004) : Border area development priority which follows decentralization and autonomy

principle is one of the regional development policies• Law no. 24/1992 concerning Spatial Use Management (explanation of Ch. 8 ayat 2 & Ch. 9 ayat 3): Border area is a strategic area

prioritized for national concern based on strategic criteria (national defense and security):– Formulation of its spatial planning is coordinated by Minister– Its management as a part of Provincial Spatial Planning is directed by Governor – As a part of District Spatial Planning, it is managed by Bupati/Walikota

The harmonization of “security” and “prosperity” functions in border areas development is aimed at:

i. supporting the endurance of social economic of the community

ii. increasing opportunity and economic competitiveness of border community

iii. supporting the inspection and security of border area

Spatial policy and strategy of KASABA Border Area development considers two factors:

• Cooperation possibility in security and social economic sectors in order to protect each other’s natural resource and also to prevent

criminality at the border areas• Politics and security supports in behalf of implementing certain points as country gate and economic growth centers

Principles of border area development according to area functional characteristics: • to catch up the backwardness from surrounding areas which are more developed or adjusted with the development of the areas that

border with neighbor country; • to secure the border area from over exploitation of natural resources, by both community and the other countries interests.

THE OBJECTIVES, TARGETS AND POSITION OF KASABA BORDER THE OBJECTIVES, TARGETS AND POSITION OF KASABA BORDER AREA SPATIAL USE MANAGEMENTAREA SPATIAL USE MANAGEMENT

The Objectives: To encourage the integrity of border area development in order to reduce the economic disparity and make the

border area as a country front line; To accelerate area development through the economic growth center development, and opening the isolated

areas by keeping their environmental preservation and local social culture values; To encourage the realization of sub-regional economic cooperation by following the harmony between security

and prosperity approach.

The Targets: The development direction of economic growth center according to its natural resources and market potential and

access to neighbor countries which consider community’s interest and local values are identified and formulated; The management outlines of conservation forest and protected forest are identified and formulated; Shifting of country border pole is avoided; The developing direction and regional infrastructures service network system to open the isolated border area and

to implement the regional infrastructures system with mutual synergy among the neighbor countries are identified; The cities system with economic, defense, security and environment function, and also development direction of

cross border check point with customs control facility, immigration, and quarantine (CIQ) support are identified; Spatial policy direction for country’s defense and security is formulated.

The Position:

Border area is a strategic area which is geographically bordering with neighbor country or directly facing other country and decided as a specific area with its spatial planning is prioritized.

KASABA Border Area covers land border area and sea border area.

The approach of border area development: security and prosperity, harmonized with environment sustainability principles.

Spatial Planning of KASABA Border Area is administratively delineated by 25 sub-districts or 8 districts.

Spatial Planning of KASABA Border Area consists of:1. Spatial Policy of KASABA Border Area Development.2. Spatial Strategy of KASABA Border Area Development 3. Arrangement of spatial structure and pattern.

ROAD NETWORK IN SARAWAK AND WEST ROAD NETWORK IN SARAWAK AND WEST KALIMANTANKALIMANTAN

THE COVERAGE AND CHARACTERISTICS OF KASABA BORDER AREATHE COVERAGE AND CHARACTERISTICS OF KASABA BORDER AREA

Area Coverage:

• West Kalimantan: 5 districts: Sambas, Bengkayang, Sanggau, Sintang, Kapuas Hulu; and 15 sub-districts: Paloh, Sajingan Besar, Jagoi Babang, Siding, Entikong, Sekayam, Ketungau Hulu, Ketungau Tengah, Empanang, Puring Kencana, Badau, Batang Lupar, Embaloh Hulu, Putussibau, Kedamin

• East Kalimantan: 3 districts: Kutai Barat, Malinau, Nunukan; and 10 sub-districts: Long Apari, Long Pahangai, Kayan Hulu, Kayan Hilir, Pujungan, Krayan Selatan, Krayan, Lumbis, Nunukan, Sebatik

Area Characteristics:

Infrastructure and Physical

• Generally, it is remote area with insufficient infrastructure• There hasn’t been permanent country border line (it could be removed easily)• Information access is so few (unreachable) and the other hand the information access to neighbor

country’s is relatively better

People (Social and Customs)

• The people spread is very low (the density is 4-10 people per km2)• Man quality is relatively low (minimum health and education facility) and mortality rate is relatively high• The labor mobility flow and people migration is at high rate• Ethnically, people at the border areas have family relationship with people who live in the neighbor country

Economy

• Regional economic disparity caused by the difference of currency (Indonesian currency is lower than Malaysia), which encourage Indonesian products and services selling to neighbor country

• Manufacturing activities has not developed yet• Economic characteristic and production system are as follows: - Most of the people are nomadic farmers - Transaction is carried out with the neighbors by barter trade the crops - The crops yielded are consumed by family (marginal) - People depend on the exchange rates of neighbor countries currency that have a great demand

Natural Resources

• Mine, forestry, plantation/agriculture, and fishery• Natural resource management is relatively out of control, especially illegal forest and conservation area

exploitation

Defense Function

• It is alarming as a hideaway of the peace-disturbing movement group (GPK), smuggling, and criminology• People are provoked easily by negative things• It is alarming from outside direct threatens and influences

NANGA BADAU BORDER POLENANGA BADAU BORDER POLE

MAIN ISSUES OF KASABA BORDER AREA DEVELOPMENTMAIN ISSUES OF KASABA BORDER AREA DEVELOPMENT

Land Border Area: Economic disparity compare to neighbor country Illegal labor flow in border towns Degradation of conservation forest area and illegal logging Shifting of country border pole Lack of customs facility and infrastructure (timber smuggling, illegal logging and motor vehicles) Isolation of border area, caused by lack of regional infrastructure service

Sea Border Area: Lack of information services for fisherman in border area Illegal labor flow and sea crime Lack of cross border trade monitoring Lack of marine resources exploitation controlling Lack of exploitation and monitoring of small islands Lack of transportation facilities and infrastructures (isolated area and lack of accessibility)

VISION AND MISSION OF AREA DEVELOPMENTVISION AND MISSION OF AREA DEVELOPMENT

The Vision:

“The realization of Kalimantan - Serawak-Sabah border area as an advanced, prosperous, secure, and eternal country’s front line in sovereignty of the Republic of Indonesia”

The Missions:

• To do the acceleration of border area development and sub-districts which are straightly bordering with country border line;

• To improve the access among regions inside the area and between areas with the region out of the area, and area with the neighbor country;

• To develop and manage the natural resources optimally for the prosperity of local people, national and local income, by keeping the eternal environment capacity;

• To work out development cooperation and management of protected area, productive area, and infrastructure among central government, local government, private sector, and also stakeholders among countries.

Two development stage to achieve the vision:

Stage I : Outlet developmentStage II : Regional economic development

Stage I :

Outlet development (international gate) is targeted to optimize opportunities of the existing market in eight districts through the improvement of “status” Pos Lintas Batas/PLB (cross border post) to be “Pos Pemeriksaan Lintas Batas (PPLB)” (cross border checking post/point) which is, later on, supported by adequate infrastructure to optimize trade activity and minimize the damage of environment caused by illegal timber exploitation around conservation area.

The positive sides: • requires small amount of investment,• environment damage (illegal logging) can be minimized,• it reduces the flow of illegal labor,• regional trade cooperation with neighbor countries is worked out,• it doesn’t take market domination for certain commodity

The negative sides:• the growing economic activity is limited on the trade which has contemporary market sections,• the existing natural resources can not be exploited optimally,• job opportunity is limited,• it requires good customs control support.

Stage II :

Regional economic development is aimed at optimizing the exploitation of regional economic opportunity in accordance with the natural resources potential in eight districts through determination of economic growth center with its potential sector. Those economic growth center will build sub-regional economic cooperation with neighbor country.

The positive sides: • the growth of economic regional activity, reduce economic disparity with neighbor country;• existing natural resource is used optimally;• regional cooperation is built with neighbor country, moreover in developing the same kind potential

sector;• vacant jobs provided and minimize local labor flow to foreign country (Malaysia);• opening isolated area.

The negative sides: • threat of environment destruction caused by weak institution of spatial use management control;• it takes a large amount of investment;• threat of social conflict due to labor who come into the growth center;• it requires sufficient market control (the market network at this moment is still weak).

THE SPATIAL POLICY OF BORDER AREA DEVELOPMENTTHE SPATIAL POLICY OF BORDER AREA DEVELOPMENT

The development of KASABA Border Area is carried by balancing the prosperity development approach and the security approach with the consideration of environmental preservation and several demands as follows:• To reduce natural resource exploitation that inflicts Indonesia, especially in mining and forestry sectors.• The need of increasing the Sub-Regional Economy Cooperation such as IMS-GT, AIDA and BIMP-EAGA, not only in

infrastructure development sector but also in other sectors. • The efforts which have been approved in accelerating the border area development among countries, especially KK Sosek

Malindo, through cross sector and cross funding action.

The phenomenon to be understood:

• Cross border conflicts among countries are more influenced by the weak access heading to outlet/market and economic activity center in Indonesia territory.

• Improving the level of cross border gate service does not always create positive impact in supporting the regional economic on border area, yet it will encourage and improve the interaction between the two countries in many sectors, not only in economic sector. A slow respond in synergizing facility and infrastructure required, will inflict Indonesia more, considering its backwardness on providing regional economic infrastructure.

• The economic development in border area can not be done on one side only, but it must be done on both sides between the two bordering countries. Rural-city linkage, among the growth centers, economic service center and people consumption are need to be formulated by building development cooperation comprehensively and coordinately among cities in Indonesian and Malaysian region.

The spatial policy :

• To boost the development of border area as Indonesian “front line” to Malaysia, Brunei Darussalam, and other surrounding countries.

• To develop border area based on the harmony of community welfare, security and environmental preservation principle.• To boost mutual beneficial cooperation among countries, between central and local, between government and

community/private sector.

The spatial strategy :

• The development of 9 growth center along the border is urged as integrated trade center and manufacture activity.

• The main city development in 9 growth center as a center of national activity (PKN = Pusat Kegiatan Nasional) with customs facility, immigration, quarantine, settlement, and good transportation/ communication.

• The development of access among main cities with surrounding cities and cross country.

• The development and processing of natural resources, such as plantation, mining, and forestry, should be carried out by manufacture process and local people participation so the people would have direct and bigger additional economic values.

• Protection improvement of world “tropical forest” conservation (Betung Kehirun National Park and Kayan Mentarang National Park) and National Conservation area (Natural preserve of Sinjang Perinsen and Sentarum Lake national Park).

• Development of area from security function, especially along the country border line which is synergic with the development and management of natural resources, conservation area, as well as access improvement.

• The increase of sub-regional economy cooperation (IMS-GT, BIMP-EAGA and AIDA), including infrastructure development such as Trans Borneo Highways and Railways; cooperation of conservation area management and cooperation of security among countries.

SPATIAL PLAN OF KASABA BORDER AREASPATIAL PLAN OF KASABA BORDER AREA

The spatial policy and strategy, furthermore, are described in Spatial Plan of KASABA Border Area, which contained spatial structure and pattern of KASABA Border Area. The spatial structure are components of: biological environment, non-biological environment, man-made environment, and social environment which are hierarchically and functionally connected one to another to form spatial structure. The spatial pattern is a form of various aspects of human resource, natural resource, man-made resource, social, culture, economic, technology, information, administration, defense and security, conservation function, cultivation, and environmental esthetics.

THE SPATIAL STRUCTURE OF KASABA BORDER AREA

Spatial structure is a part of the Kalimantan Island structure, consisted of system of cities, transportation system and utility network.

• The system of cities covers hierarchy of settlement center which consists of national activity center (PKN), region activity center (PKW), and local activity center (PKL) that support border area as stipulated in National Spatial Plan (RTWN).

• Transportation system includes: the land transportation system, the sea transportation system, and the air transportation system which are coordinated referring to national transportation system.

• Utility network In KASABA border area development is limited only on the effective and efficient basic water resources to support the development of growth center and cities in the area.

DistrictFunction of City

City in Sarawak/SabahPKN PKW PKL

Sambas Temajok – Aruk Sambas Liku, Sekura, Sajingan, Saparan, Tanah Hitam, Sejangkung, Kaliau

Sematan, Biawak, Teluk Melano

Bengkayang Jagoi Babang Bengkayang Jagoi Babang, Seluas, Siding, Sanggau Ledo, Ledo

Serikin, Padawan, Sitas, Gobang

Sanggau Entikong Sanggau, Ngabang

Bantan, Balai Karangan, Serimbu, Beduai, Kembayan, Noyan, Bonti, Sekadau

Tebedu, Bunan Gega

Sintang Jasa Sintang Nanga Bayan, Merakai Panjang, Semareh, Sungai Buaya, Sei Kelik, Nanga Merakai, Senaning, Nanga Ketungau

Kranggas Gayau, Batu Lintang

Kapuas Hulu

Nanga Badau Putussibau Semitau, Nanga Kantuk, Nanga Silat, Puring Kencana, Banua Martinus, Langau, Lanjak

Lubok Antu

West Kutai Lasan Tuyan Sendawar Tiongohang, Long Pahangai, Long Boh, Ujoh Bilang, Long Hubung, Long Iram

Kapit

Malinau Malinau Long Nawang Long Busang, Sungai Peningang, Apau Ping, Loreh, Long Ayu, Long Alango, Long Pujungan, Pulau Sapi, Data Dian, Long Berang

Tapak Mega, Long Pasia, Long Bangah

Nunukan Nunukan – Sebatik, Long Midang

Simanggaris, Long Bawan

Sei Pancang, Labang, Tau Lumbis, Lembudud, Pa’ Betung, Atap, Mensalong

Ba’ Kelalan, Salilir, Sibua, Serudong, Tawau

System of Cities in KASABA Border AreaSystem of Cities in KASABA Border Area

Kuching

LOCAL AGREEMENTLOCAL AGREEMENT

THE SPATIAL PATTERN OF KASABA BORDER AREA

Protection Area

The utilization management of conservation area is a kind of utilization management of protected forest area, conservation forest area, area around lake/reservoir, and catchments area in KASABA border area. The protection center, according to the regulated condition and kind of conservations, includes:a. Protection center area of Sinjang Perinsen Nature Preserve b. Protection center area of Betung Kerihun National Park c. Protection center area of Lake Sentarum National Parkd. Protection center area of Kayan Mentarang National Park

Cultivation Area

The cultivation area utilization management is a kind of utilization management area of production forest, agriculture and plantation, mining, and sea fishery. For other cultivation areas which aren’t mentioned such as industry area, city and rural settlement area, tourism area, and energy resources area.

The management of cultivation area utilization as a result of the identification is embodied in regulation of potential economic sector for each economic growth center, which covers:1. Temajok – Aruk, potential sectors: Sea fishery, plantation, industry, forestry, agriculture, and tourism.2. Jagoi Babang, potential sectors: plantation, mining, and forestry.3. Entikong, potential sectors: plantation, industry, and agriculture.4. Jasa, sektor potensial: plantation, forestry, and mining.5. Nanga Badau, potential sectors: plantation, forestry, mining and agriculture.6. Simanggaris, potential sectors: industrial plant forests, forestry, agriculture, and sea fishery.7. Nunukan – Sebatik, potential sectors: sea fishery and plantation.8. Long Midang, potential sectors: eco-tourism and trading.9. Long Apari – Long Pahangai, potential sector: eco-tourism and industrial forestry.10. Long Nawang, potential sectors: forestry, industrial forestry, tourism

It’s been identified 9 growth center out of Integrated Economic Development Zone and strategic development area.

AREA DEVELOPMENT ACTION PROGRAMAREA DEVELOPMENT ACTION PROGRAM

The acceleration of border area development presented by action program in this section needs to be supported by these following three things :

1. The existences of political will from central and local government, politic institution, private sector, and community to consider the border area as a whole entity emerges the authorities of planning, implementing and developing control against province or district/city government in a form of cooperation among areas or giving assignment for assistance.

2. In implementing border area development, the operational approach needed to make is : comprehensive approach including production system, prosperity and security approach as a form of development synergy of whole cross sector in solving existed problems. These approaches are expected to reach targets to stimulate community production activity, to boost and improve environment quality, and also to improve development distribution and government service.

3. For development operational aspect, the approaches should be made are: cross role and cross sector approach covering:

• The roles which are based on the separate function, i.e. role carried out by government, private sector and community’s participation

• The roles which are based on the cooperation between government and private sector (public- private partnership)

• Cooperation role between government and community• Cooperation role between private sector and community

Action Program of KASABA Border Area Development (I) Action Program of KASABA Border Area Development (I)

Action Program Priority I Priority II Priority III

1. Development of Growth Center Growth Center Determination (5 areas in West

Kalimantan and 4 areas East Kalimantan) Growth Center Detailed Planning Arrangement Entikong, Nanga

Badau, Nunukan – Sebatik

Temajok – Aruk, Simanggaris, Long Midang, Jagoi Sentabeng

Long Nawang, Jasa, Long Apari – Long Pahangai

2. Conservation Function Improvement of Protected Area and Conservation Area Regulation and Affirmation of Forest Area Management Planning Arrangement of National Park and

Wildlife ReserveTN Kayan Mentarang, SM D. Sentarum

TN BetungKerihunCA Sinjang Perinsen

3. Facility Service and Supporting Infrastructure Improvement for Investment and Production System Incentive and Disincentive Formulation Investment Permission Structure

4. Transportation System Arrangement of Traffic Smooth Flowing Among Countries Connected by Trans Borneo Highway Connected by Trans Borneo Railways

5. Determination of Country Gates Agreed by the Two Countries

6. Service Quality Improvement, Customs Facility, and Immigration

Entikong, Nunukan – Sebatik, Nangabadu

Temajok – Aruk, Simanggaris, Long Midang, Jagoi Babang

Long Aparai – Long Pahangai

Action Program Priority I Priority II Priority III

7. Human Resource Quality Improvement Free from Illiteracy Accommodated & Primary School graduated 9 years Compulsory Education is fulfilled

8. Affirmation of Country Area Border Pole

9. Law Confirmation Support to Carry Out Development Activity

10. Increasing Fund Allocation for Border Area Development

Note :TN = Taman Nasional (National Park)CA = Cagar Alam (Nature Preserve)SM = Suaka Margasatwa (Wildlife Preservation)

Action Program of KASABA Border Area Development (II) Action Program of KASABA Border Area Development (II)

5. Kec. Siding

26. Kec. Krayan Sel.

PROPINSI KALIMANTAN BARATA. Kab. Sambas

1. Kec. Paloh2. Kec. Sajingan Besar

B. Kab. Bengkayang3. Kec. Jagoi Babang4. Kec. Siding

C. Kab. Sanggau5. Kec. Entikong6. Kec. Sekayam

D. Kab. Sintang7. Kec. Ketungau Hulu8. Kec. Ketungau

Tengah

E. Kab. Kapuas Hulu9. Kec. Empanang10. Kec. Puring Kencana11. Kec. Badau12. Kec. Batang Lupar13. Kec. Embaloh Hulu14. Kec. Putussibau15. Kec. Kedamin

PROPINSI KALIMANTAN TIMURF. Kab. Kutai Barat

16. Kec. Long Apari17. Kec. Long Pahangai

G. Kab. Malinau18. Kec. Kayan Hulu19. Kec. Kayan Hilir20. Kec. Pujungan

H. Kab. Nunukan21. Kec. Krayan22. Kec. Lumbis23. Kec. Nunukan24. Kec. Sebatik25. Kec. Krayan Selatan