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Spatial solutions supporting information exchange and
knowledge creation Sanna Peltoniemi1, Jenni Poutanen1, Aino Ahtinen2, Henna Salonius3
1 School of Architecture, Tampere University of Technology 2 Human-centered Technology, Tampere University of Technology
3 Novi Research Center, Tampere University of Technology
• Background • Theoretical
framework • Methodology
Intro
• Different types of knowledge workers and their mobility
• Layout analysis
Results • The role of team
rooms • Activity-based
layout • Further research
Conclusions
Introduction
“Often we cannot say what it is that we know”
(Schön 1983, p.49)
information exchange
transfer of tacit knowledge
architectural practice!
layout of the architectural office
different types of knowledge workers focus
“intuitive” knowledge
ideas and concepts
visual references, which support the verbal communication
mobility
Tacit knowledge is converted into explicit knowledge
Individual tacit knowledge is converted into group tacit
knowledge
1 Socialization
2 Externalization
Separate explicit knowledge is converted into systemic explicit knowledge
3 Combination
Explicit knowledge is transformed back into tacit knowledge
4 Internalization
(Nonaka & Takeuchi 1995)
Supports concentrated work and guided work processes by an
atmosphere, which is task-oriented, and the focus is on tangible
performance
Brings people together
Offers room for privacy and repetitious routine tasks. Supports the role of the individual.
Hosts a relaxed and sometimes even lazy atmosphere. The sharing of knowledge and innovative spirit is essential part of this place.
1 Socialization
2 Externalization 3 Combination
4 Internalization
Ba is a shared space which serves as a platform for knowledge creation.
(Nonaka & Takeuchi 1995; Nenonen 2004)
Research questions
Which different types of office workers can be identified among the participants?
How the mobility of the different types of workers
impact on the information exchange and knowledge creation within the office?
Methodology
Semi-large architecture office.
The office is located in the city center of Tampere and it had moved to the new premises in the spring of 2014.
Semi-structured theme interviews (N=18, F=8, M=10).
During on-site visit observations about the context provided an additional and informal data collection
method.
Results
”Navigator” • highly mobile including the global network • variation of job profiles ”Gatherer” • spend half of their working hours away from the office at different meetings • do not necessarily require their own office desk • need different types of working stations • space for concentration and collaboration
”Connector” • move around the office building • spend their working hours at meetings or talking to colleagues • interact a great deal with different people, but they stay within the office building
”Anchor” • the lowest mobility • the office everyday, working at their desks most of the time • have the essential role in knowledge transfer within an office, because other employees
go to them in order to get information
(Greene and Myerson 2011)
DIFFERENT TYPES OF KNOWLEDGE WORKERS AND THEIR MOBILITY
Frequency of changing location
Loca
tion
Low ContinunousHigh
Fixe
d lo
catio
nM
ultip
le, c
hang
ing
loca
tions
Anchors(8 identified)
Gatherers(3 identified)
Connectors (7 identified)
Navigators(0 identified)
THE CATEGORIZATION OF THE INTERVIEWEES on four types of knowledge workers in relation to previous studies of Greene and Myerson 2011, Schaffers et al. 2006 and Vartiainen et al. 2007.
THE LAYOUT OF THE ARCHITECTURE OFFICE
Team rooms support information exchange and transfer of tacit knowledge between team members in the same room
The team-based layout does not support individual working preferences
♬ ! ♫ ♩♫ !
Team-based working inhibited the information exchange between different teams
Conclusions
Brings people together
1 Socialization
Supports concentrated work and guided work processes by an
atmosphere, which is task-oriented, and the focus is on tangible
performance
2 Externalization
THE ROLE OF THE TEAM ROOMS
TRANSFORMING THE TEAM-BASED LAYOUT TOWARDS ACTIVITY-BASED LAYOUT
TRANSFORMING THE TEAM-BASED LAYOUT TOWARDS ACTIVITY-BASED LAYOUT
Thank you!
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