Chapter I

Background of the Study

A. History of Barangay 365

Barangay 365 of Blumentritt lies at the city center with the busiest streets in Manila.

The numerous businesses and residences that sprouted in the community led to its congestion

which resulted to the overstepping of the community members' personal boundaries. This,

consequently, resulted to the perpetration of criminal activities.

Barangay 365 Blumentritt is one of the districts in Blumentritt, Manila which was

named after Ferdinand Blumentritt who was a teacher from Germany that is a close friend of

the Dr. Jose Rizal and a sympathizer of the Filipino cause. It started as relatively small

community of around 50 to 100 families. By the time of urbanization, it had developed into a

large community being headed by elected officials, the topmost being the kapitan.

The name Blumentritt today is more known as a Light Rail Transit (LRT) station

which serves a convenient means of transportation and just located below the LRT Line 1 is

the Blumentritt Street Market which is one of the largest street markets catering to the

everyday needs. Blumentritt is in close proximity to many places in Manila such as Recto,

Quiapo, Grand Central Caloocan, Espana Boulevard, etc. A few known landmarks in Manila

are near Blumentritt such as SM City San Lazaro, Chinese General Hospital and Manila

North Cemetery.

B. Statement of the Problem

The current chaotic organization of Barangay 365’s physical environment provides

opportunities for criminal activities which compromises the safety of the community.

C. Hypothesis

Through proper community planning and organization of the physical environment, it

is possible to prevent criminal activities which poses a threat to the safety of the community.

D. Objective of the Study

This study aims to respond to the community’s identified problem by complying with

the following objectives:

1. To conduct a research survey that will determine the underlying causes of the

deprivation of the users' safety and protection;

2. To conduct case studies on past events and different areas that question the safety

and security of the users in order to identify and determine possible solutions

which can be adapted to the project;

3. To gather and record existing data, policies, mapping activities, historical

accounts, flow of users and vehicles coming in and out of the area, which could

help in the designing, planning and rehabilitation of the given community;

4. To design and manipulate the placement of public spaces and road networks to

improve accessibility and public safety;

5. To design public areas where the community members can interact and socialize

in order to foster a bond and familiarity among them;

6. To create community visibility by modifying landscapes and street lightings,

changing parking patterns of public utility vehicles, and restricting access to

private areas to reduce crime;

7. To design and develop a setting that is conducive to walking, bicycling and transit

while providing accessibility to other automobile networks and also provide safe

and walkable streets; and

8. To formulate a set of guidelines for the design of the community’s physical

environment that can be applied to reduce the opportunities for criminal activities.

E. Significance of the Study

The significance of the study relies on an environmentally sensitive approach and its

applicability in the given setting. The study suggests the possible solutions in enhancing the

built environment that promotes better security and protection. This would lead into finding

out how these solutions would affect the entire surrounding and how the users would be safe.

Such an understanding would enable the local authorities to implement administration-

induced policies and architectural strategies in response to the existing problems seen in

Barangay 365, Blumentritt, Manila that would prove conducive for the people’s safety. This

would only result in a systematic process that would lead to the satisfaction and safety of the

entire community, guiding them into maintaining their new aesthetically pleasing and

visually engaging surroundings, which in effect, could result to the improvement of their

lives.

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F. Limitation/Scope

The study involves examining the community’s built environment, identifying the

aspects of the physical environment that provide opportunities for criminal activities and

analyzing how they compromise the safety of the community. It also includes proposing

possible architectural and planning solutions to deter and prevent these unlawful activities.

The study covers the entirety of Barangay 365, Blumentritt, Manila – the residential

community, the formal market and the street market, and the road networks located within the

barangay. It will only be conducted for 5 months, from November to March. The study is

limited to the data that will be gathered from the physical inspection of the barangay and the

surveys and interviews of the residents, market vendors, barangay officials and experts. It is

also limited to the financial capabilities of the student researchers.

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Chapter II

Review of Related Literature and Case Studies

A. Related Literature

1.0. Altering the Physical Environment to Reduce Opportunities for Problems to Recur

by Herman Goldstein, 1990

Crime prevention as a method of explanation and understanding based on the

behavioral sciences, including: urban design, human ecology, neurology, psychological

learning theory, sociology, environmental psychology, geography, etc. These are all key

factors in the development of crime prevention programs. Ecology is very important in the

crime prevention models. Early research conducted in France found that some police

precincts had extremely high rates of crime, while others have low rates. Property offenses

were found to be occurring most often in industrial areas, while violent crimes occurred more

predominantly in rural areas.

A vast amount of work has been done in exploring ways to reduce crime by making

changes in the physical environment – in the design of buildings, parks, streets, and lighting.

Several experiments have been conducted to determine if intensive efforts to rehabilitate a

neighborhood affect the level of crime, disorder, and fear. Much of the attention in exploring

environmental changes to date has been reducing serious crime, with frequent reminders that

the opportunities for doing so are still numerous.

2.0. Defensible Space; Crime Prevention Through Urban Design by Oscar Newman,

1972

The Defensible Space Theory was developed by Oscar Newman during the 1970's.

Newman associated the interaction between individuals and surroundings in creating their

built environment a defensible space. In 1972, he wrote his first book entitled Defensible

Space; Crime Prevention Through Urban Design. He discussed that a development could

only be defensible if the inhabitants allow themselves to be the chief means in ensuring their

own security. Newman asserts that a criminal will be isolated if his turf is removed; this

could only be possible if the people itself have the sense of ownership as well as

responsibility over that area. He also stated that violent acts wil be lessen if the criminals and

intruders sense a watchful community because they will feel less secure in comitting a crime;

through this, crime will be controlled and mitigated by a good environmental design.

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Newman's theory of defensible space consisted of various concepts which includes

the following:

(1) Images - The images are the stigma or lack of which is said to be related to edifices.

According to Newman, an intruder could either be deterred or encouraged through the visual

hints given to them. If the community shows an outward appearance of being respected, taken

care of, and sense of ownership, therefore, the community will be less likely to be vandalized.

(2) Surveillance - The surveillance is related on the capability of the people to observe their

community. By increasing the number of observers, they also increasing the probability of

the intruders to be seen resulting in the diminishing of crimes.

(3) Territoriality - The territoriality portrays the sense of possession and belonging for their

community. Through a good design, real and symbolic barriers could be erected to establish

the sense of territoriality. Those family who has the sense of community with other residents

will be more likely to defend and protect their community against the presence of intruders.

(4) Safe Zones - Safe Zones refers to the general spaces of the community such as streets,

road, parks, and etc. According to Newman, to provide a defensible space the community

must have a proper zoning of public, private and semi-public spaces.

As for Barangay 365 of Blumentritt, based from the observation of their physical

environment, it conveys that the said community lack these concepts of the defensible space

which could possibly result to a high crime rate. Through this formulated theory of Newman

of having an effective and proper design of spaces, it may help the said community to aid and

reduce the possibility of crime from occuring.

Crime Prevention through Environmental Design

The notion of Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) appeared

in a 1971 book by criminologist and sociologist C. Ray Jeffery. Many of the elements in this

approach are similar to the defensible space theory, which focuses on design solutions in

reducing or preventing property crimes. The theory is based on the argument that most crime

events are associated with the opportunities created by environmental design, meanwhile the

CPTED approach is on the basis of reducing opportunity, which aims to manipulate the built

environment in order to affect users’ behaviour that will reduce crime and the fear of crime

(Cozens, 2007b). CPTED is assumed on the hypothesis that “the proper design and effective

use of the built environment can lead to a reduction in the fear of crime and the incidence of

crime, and to an improvement in the quality of life” (Crowe, 1991, p.1). Furthermore,

CPTED is the design or re-design of an environment to reduce crime opportunity and fear of

P a g e | 5

crime through natural, mechanical, and procedural means (Sorensen, 2007). The study

conducted by Parnaby (2007) revealed that today’s CPTED proponents claimed that

modifying environmental design can reduce opportunities of criminal acts, mitigate fear of

crime and provide a better quality of life to improve human health. A study of council

housing estates in Sheffield, UK found that there is a significant negative relationship

between territorial functioning as a crime prevention strategy and victimization, indicate that

high territoriality is associated with less crime experience (Abdullah, 1999). Hedayati (2009)

conducted a similar survey in Penang, Malaysia. It was found that the CPTED approach has

been helpful to negatively influence crime.

The strategies employed in this approach are: natural surveillance, natural access

control, territorial reinforcement and maintenance (Cozens, 2002; Parnaby, 2007). The first

two strategies, natural surveillance and natural access control, are mainly geared towards

promoting the offenders’ risk perception by keeping users and outsiders under observation

and denying access to potential targets. On the other hand, territorial reinforcement and

maintenance are based on the assumption that the design and management of the environment

can help the user of a property to feel a sense of ownership over a territory.

These four key elements provide the means to engender particular activities and

decrease more deviant forms of activity (Haigh, 2006). The Natural Surveillance concept

refers to the arrangement of physical design features involved with the activities and the

people in order to maximize opportunities for surveillance at the right moment in time and

space, consequently leading to crime discouragement (Cozens, 2002). Activity support refers

to kinds of design that can be encouraged using public areas. This concept refers to the fact

that offenders prefer those places with less observational control. It suggests that landscaping

features can be designed to foster natural surveillance from within the home premises by

residents and at the same time from the exterior by passers-by and neighbors. Natural access

control involves the managing of a design to control the ingress and egress of persons to and

from a specific space (Parnaby, 2007). This approach focuses on the management and design

strategies in order to direct pedestrians and vehicular traffic to an easy flow, simultaneously

discouraging criminal activities (Cozens, 2002).

Territoriality focuses on creating residents recognizable and identifiable zones within

communities, so that people would feel connected and, thus, would attempt to defend their

own community (Geason & Wilson 1989). It involves the use of physical design to encourage

a sense of propriety among citizens while, at the same time, creating environments where the

perceived probability of resident intervention is high (Crowe, 2000; Newman, 1972; Parnaby,

P a g e | 6

2007). In terms of housing design, the concept of ‘territoriality’ can be enhanced to

discourage criminality through using real and symbolic barriers to define space and property

as being private or public zones (Cozens, Hillier & Prescott, 1999). The image of

development can encourage or discourage crime, which means that it can offer increased

perceptions of vulnerability or isolation by way of design and maintenance (Cozens etal.,

1999).

B. Case Study

Quezon City

Quezon City is the largest city in Metro Manila that became a popular destination of

settlers [including the “old rich” families of Manila City (Caoili 1988)] due to government’s

decision to make the city the government center in 1948 and once declared as the new capital

city. It is where many national government offices were transferred, big universities were

established, and large government housing subdivisions were developed. Its population

stands at 2,173,831 people as of 2000 census. In 2001, the total number of residential

subdivisions in the city reached 615 communities, of which 239 are gated communities, the

highest in Metro Manila.

Area 1 is geographically situated inside the curve of a highway and is critical to the

decongestion measures of the thoroughfare (MMUTIS). Accordingly, the Metropolitan

Manila Development Authority (MMDA) wants the major private roads in this area be

opened for public use. The Area 2 is outside the curve with lesser degree of accessibility

issue, but has considerable size to merit a spatial impact.

Clustered GCs in Area 1 is composed of 14 GCs with an estimated total area of about

274 hectares, and Area 2 has 4 GCs with a combined area of approximately 100 hectares.

Meanwhile, the Ordinary Community (OC) is a public and open community immediately

surrounding the clustered GCs. In general, OC is a mixture of both the low-, medium-, and

high-density (slum-like) neighborhoods. They are either planned or unplanned and composed

of squatters or legitimate lot-owner residents. Unplanned OCs normally developed out of

sprawl residential and commercial developments without adequate spaces allotted for

recreation and social gathering. There are also OCs that were originally planned public

residential subdivisions, but later the constructions were abandoned and left the project not

fully developed. As a result, some vacant spaces allotted for the construction of roads and

recreational facilities are now home of illegal settlers. Those fully developed planned public

communities are also exposed to degradation due to the encroachment of undesirable mixed

P a g e | 7

developments. At present, the main city park and local public sport facilities are the only

places where the OC residents can freely gather for socialization and relaxation. These

facilities, however, are not conveniently accessible compared

to the situations in GCs.

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Chapter III

Methodology

A. Research Methodology

A descriptive research methodology was used for this study. Descriptive research

involved fact-finding with adequate interpretation of the data gathered. .The true meaning of

the data collected was reported from the point of view of the objectives and the basic

assumptions of the project underway.

B. Tools of Methodology

The tools used for the collection of data are primarily the following:

1.0 Library Books, References, Handouts, Literature

These materials from various libraries such as the Far Eastern University

library and the University of the Philippines - Diliman library were used as related

literature and reference for case studies.

Colquhoun, I. (2004). Design out crime: Creating safe and sustainable

communities. Oxford: Architectural Press.

Cozens, P. (2007). Public health and the potential benefits of crime

prevention through environmental design. New South Wales Public Health

Bulletin, 18, 232-237.

Cozens, P., Hillier, D., & Prescott, G. (1999). The sustainable and the

criminogenic: the case of newbuild housing projects in Britain, Property

Management, 17(3), 252-261.

Cozens, P. M. (2002). Sustainable urban development and crime

prevention through environmental design for the British city, Towards an

effective urban environmentalism for the 21st century. Cities, 19(2), 129-

137.

Cozens, P., Hillier, D., & Prescott, G. (1999). The sustainable and the

criminogenic: the case of newbuild housing projects in Britain, Property

Management, 17(3), 252-261.

P a g e | 9

Crowe, T. D. (1991). Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design:

Applications of Architectural Design and Space Management Concepts,

Boston: Butterworth-Heinemann.

Geason, S., & Wilson, P. R. (1989). Designing out crime: Crime

prevention through environmental design, Canberra: Australian Institute of

Criminology.

Haigh, Y. (2006). Promoting Safer Communities through Physical Design,

Social Inclusion and Crime Prevention through Environmental Design,

Murdoch. (Centre for Social and Community Research)

Hedayati, M. (2009). Perception of Crime and an Assessment of Crime

Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) Elements in a

Housing Area: A Case Study OF Minden Heights in Penang. Unpublished

Msc Thesis, UniversitiSains Malaysia, Penang.

Newman, O. (1972). Defensible space; crime prevention through urban

design, New York: Macmillan.

Parnaby, P. (2007). Crime prevention through environmental design:

financial hardship, the dynamics of power, and the prospects of

governance, Crime Law Soc Change, 48, 73-85.

Sorensen, D. W. M. (2003). The Nature and Prevention of Residential

Burglary: A Review of the International Literature with An Eye Toward

Prevention in Denmark.

2.0 Computer / Internet Sources

Research through the internet was also done in order to gather more

information and acquire more insights on the possible contributions of the study to the

physical layout of the chosen barangay’s environment. A computer was used in

encoding all data and in writing the entire research.

3.0 Mobile Phone Camera / Digital Camera

In gathering all the data needed, it also required tools such as mobile phone

cameras or digital cameras for photographs and video cameras for the documentation

of interviews, ocular observations and site visitations in the barangay.

4.0 Digital Recorder

In data gathering, the use of a digital recorder was essential. The interviews

were satisfactorily conducted and were recorded through a digital recorder. The data

obtained were said to be reliable to the research.

P a g e | 10

5.0 Papers, Log Books, Sketch Pads

Papers were used to record all observations made during ocular inspections

and site visits. The gathered data logs, such as the Comprehensive Land Use Plan of

Manila, population statistics, socio-economic profile of the barangay, crime profile

and statistics, served as an outline of consideration and reference for the interpretation

process of the study. Sketch pads were used for mapping activities.

6.0 Survey and Interview Forms

Survey forms were used to determine the prevalent crime and the underlying

causes of the deprivation of the users' safety and protection within the barangay. This

tool was used to make the study viable and reliable. The interviews provided an

opportunity for the interviewers to give information and to develop certain attitudes

on the part of the respondents. This tool allowed the researchers to pursue an in-depth

information about the different problems with regards to crime in the barangay that

are encountered by the users.

C. Instruments of Methodology

1.0 Library Research

With the development of the modern university system, the modern research

library of the Far Eastern University and the University of the Philippines - Diliman

developed as a mediator in the processes of knowledge creation and knowledge use of

the study. The library was used as a place for knowledge representation – through

classification – for dissemination and for archiving the different documents related to

Barangay 365, Blumentritt, Manila.

The research library system provided the basis for the strategic analysis that

has to be made for the study. Throughout the work on this study, the researchers had

received help and support from many people in and around the research library

system.

2.0 Survey

According to the objective of this study, the researchers intended to conduct a

research survey that would determine the underlying causes of the deprivation of the

users' safety and protection. In order to determine these causes, the researchers

developed a combination type – yes or no type and recognition type – of survey form

to acquire the necessary data and information to achieve the objective.

P a g e | 11

The survey forms contained 10 questions that were distributed among the

users – residents, vendors, consumers, officials, etc. – of Barangay 365, Blumentritt,

Manila (See Appendix A for the sample survey form). A number of 50 respondents

were used to make the study viable and reliable.

3.0 Interview

Aside from the data acquired from the survey forms given to the users of

Barangay 365, personal interviews were also conducted by the researchers to not only

seek for further causes of the problem but also to seek for possible solutions and to

find out how these would affect the entire surrounding and how the users would be

safe. (See Appendix B for the list of interview questions) The researchers have chosen

reliable respondents that may give useful information that would seek to cover a

factual and meaningful level of answers. The personal interviews were made with

various people who had been residing in the barangay for more than 10 years and with

police officers.

Ricardo Gaspar , 77 years old

- Retired Driver

- Resident of Barangay 365 for 77 years

Felescma Bagtas , 76 years old

- Vendor, Obrero Market

- Resident of Barangay 365 for 60 years

Jaime M. Chua , 60 years old

- Sidewalk/Street Vendor

- Resident of Barangay 365 for 43 years

Zenaida A. Albos , 58 years old

- Sidewalk/Street Vendor

- Resident of Barangay 365 for 37 years

Rene N. Alapide , 57 years old

- Electrician, Obrero Market

- Resident of Barangay 365 for 37 years

Jose C. Vicente , 56 years old

- Barangay Kagawad, Barangay 365

- Resident of Barangay 365 for 56 years

Luz Espiña , 49 years old

- Housewife

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- Resident of Barangay 365 for 31 years

Clifford Alabado , 45 years old

- Vendor, Obrero Market

- Resident of Barangay 365 for 45 years

Ria Brillantes , 33 years old

- Vendor, Grocery, Old Antipolo Street

- Resident of Barangay 365 for 33 years

Mary Jane G. Ensipido , 22 years old

- Account Relation Assistant, Smart Communications

- Resident of Barangay 365 for 22 years

P/Supt. Aldrine S. Gran

- Officer-in-Charge

- Manila Central Police Station – 3

PO3 Raylene M. Cruz

- Police Officer

- Manila Central Police Station – 3

4.0 Site Visitations

According to the objective of this study, the researchers were also tasked to

conduct observations on different areas that question the safety and security of the

users in order to identify and determine possible solutions which can be adapted to the

project. To ensure both the reliability and validity of the observation, the researchers

conducted their observations at frequent intervals and had their observations recorded

independently. This instrument of research included examining the community’s built

environment, identifying the aspects of the physical environment that provide

opportunities for criminal activities and analyzing how they compromise the safety of

the community.

D. Procedures of Methodology

1.0 Library Research

In the early stages of the study, library research was done to establish the

framework for the strategic analysis that has to be made for the study. The researchers

visited the Far Eastern University Library on November 23, 25, and 29, 2013 after

their classes from 3:30 PM to 6:00 PM. They used the books and theses from the

P a g e | 13

Circulation and Undergraduate Thesis Section for their related literature and case

studies. They also made use of the computers in the Electronic Library of the Far

Eastern University to search for internet sources and online journals. The researchers

also visited the Architecture Library of the University of the Philippines – Diliman on

December 6, 2013 to look for reference materials which they could use in their study.

2.0 Survey

The survey form consisted of 10 questions that were given to the people of

Barangay 365, Blumentritt, Manila. Out of 1,217 residents of Barangay 365, a sample

of 50 respondents was used to make the study viable and reliable. The respondents

were residents and vendors in the barangay who were willing to participate in the

survey. The survey forms were distributed by going store-to-store, house-to-house or

just wandering along the streets of the barangay. The surveys were done on January 4,

2014, from 1:00 PM to 5:00 PM.

3.0 Interview

The interviews were done as an alternative method of collecting data survey

and were useful in obtaining information and opinions from the users and from

experts. The interviewees were residents and vendors in the barangay who were

willing to participate in the interview. The interviews were conducted on three dates -

January 11, 18 and 21, 2014.

January 11 and 18, 2014 (Saturday) – On both days, the interviews were

conducted between 9:00 A.M. to 2:00 P.M. with a one-hour break from

12:00 N.N. to 1:00 P.M. for the researchers to rest and to eat lunch. The

researchers went around the barangay and looked for willing participants

living in the barangay for more than 10 years. The researchers made small

talk to get the background of the interviewees before easing in the

interview questions that was prepared beforehand. The responses of the

interviewees were recorded using a digital recorder

January 28, 2014 (Tuesday) – The researchers went to Manila Central

Police Station – 3 to retrieve the data they requested and to interview

P/Supt. Aldrine S. Gran and PO-3 Raylene M. Cruz. The interview was

done at 4:00 P.M. after the researchers’ classes. Due to the busy schedule

of both P/Supt. Aldrine S. Gran and PO-3 Raylene M. Cruz, the interview

was only conducted for thirty minutes each. Their responses were recorded

using a digital recorder

P a g e | 14

4.0 Site Visitations

Site visits were done to observe and identify the different areas that question

the safety and security of the users in order to determine possible solutions which can

be adapted to the project. The site visitations were done on ten dates: November 22

and 26, 2013; December 1 and 4, 2013; January 4, 11, 18, 23, 24, and 25, 2014.

November 22, 2013 (Friday) and November 26, 2013 (Tuesday) – Prior to

the development of the survey questions, the researchers had explored

Barangay 365 on these days in an attempt to gain an overview of the

problems of the barangay and to take pictures around the vicinity.

December 1, 2013 (Sunday) – The researchers visited the barangay and did

a casual stroll and ocular inspection of the site from 9:00 A.M. to 12:00

N.N. The boundaries of the barangay were identified. The general

problems of the barangay were pinpointed. All observations were jotted

down on a sheet of paper along with time the observations were made.

December 4, 2013 (Wednesday) – The researchers visited the barangay

again and did a casual stroll and ocular inspection of the site from 4:00

P.M. to 6:00 P.M. The problems of the barangay related to the safety and

security of the residents were identified. The researchers casually

interviewed the residents. All observations were jotted down on a sheet of

paper along with time the observations were made.

January 4, 2014 (Saturday) – The surveys were distributed and

observations around the site were done simultaneously from 1:00 PM to

5:00 P.M.

January 11 and 18, 2014 (Saturday) – On these days, the interviews were

conducted between 9:00 A.M. to 2:00 P.M. with a one-hour break from

12:00 N.N. to 1:00 P.M. for the researchers to rest and to eat lunch.

January 23, 2014 (Thursday) – The researchers visited the barangay and

did a more thorough inspection of the site from 5:00 P.M. to 8:00 P.M.

The boundaries of the barangay were identified. The general problems of

the barangay were pinpointed. All observations were jotted down on a

sheet of paper along with time the observations were made.

January 24, 2014 (Friday) – The researchers returned to observe the

barangay from 11:00 A.M. to 4:00 P.M. Site conditions, vehicle and

pedestrian traffic patterns, behavior and activities of the people were

P a g e | 15

observed and recorded. All observations were jotted down on a sheet of

paper along with time the observations were made.

January 25, 2014 (Saturday) – The researchers returned again to observe

the barangay from 5:00 A.M. to 11:00 A.M. Between those times, the

extension of the market along the Old Antipolo Street, Manuel Hizon

Street, Felix Huertas Road, and Sulu Street was open and was the busiest.

Site conditions, vehicle and pedestrian traffic patterns, behavior and

activities of the people were observed and recorded. All observations were

jotted down on a sheet of paper along with time the observations were

made.

P a g e | 16

Chapter IV

Presentation and Analysis of Data

A. User Analysis

1.0 Population

Male; 807; 50%Female; 816; 50%MaleFemale

Figure 1. Population of Barangay 365, Blumentritt, Manila

Barangay 365 started as a relatively small community of around 50 to 100

families. By the time of urbanization, it had developed into a large community being

headed by elected officials, the topmost being the kapitan. At present, it has a total

population of 1,623 made up of 816 female and 807 male. Majority of the residents

are vendors at the market or along the streets of the barangay.

2.0 Organizational Structure

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City Mayor

City Vice Mayor

Barangay Captain

Kagawad Kagawad Kagawad Kagawad Kagawad Kagawad Kagawad

Figure 2. Barangay Organizational Chart

Mayor: Mayor Joseph Ejercito Estrada

Vice Mayor: Vice Mayor Francisco Moreno Domagoso

Barangay Captain: Kap. Peter Z. Bautista, Jr.

Kagawads:

1. Jose T. Bañares

2. Rudolfo L. Millar

3. Lu-Angel D.G. Godoy

4. Richard A. Claudio

5. Jose C. Vicente

6. Randel M. Miranda

7. Rebecca D. Daub

B. Crime Profile and Crime Rate Statistics

Non

-Ind

ex C

rim

esA

gain

st P

rope

rty

Aga

inst

Per

sons

0 1 2 3 4 5

Other Non-Index Crimes; 4

Violation of Special Laws; 0

Cattle Rustling; 0Carnapping; 0 Theft; 5

Robbery; 1

Rape; 0Physical Injuries; 1

Homicide; 0Murder; 0

Statistics on All Crime Incidents Referred/Processed/Gathered by Blumentritt PPO from January to December 2012

Murder

Homicide

Physical Injuries

Rape

Robbery

Theft

Carnapping

Cattle Rustling

Violation of Special Laws

Other Non-Index Crimes

Figure 3. Barangay 365 Crime Statistics from January to December 2012

P a g e | 18

Non

-Ind

ex C

rim

esA

gain

st P

rope

rty

Aga

inst

Per

sons

0 1 2 3 4 5

Other Non-Index Crimes; 3

Violation of Special Laws; 0

Cattle Rustling; 0Carnapping; 0 Theft; 4

Robbery; 1

Rape; 0Physical Injuries; 0Homicide; 0Murder; 0

Statistics on All Crime Incidents Referred/Processed/Gathered by Blumentritt PPO from January to December 2013

Murder

Homicide

Physical Injuries

Rape

Robbery

Theft

Carnapping

Cattle Rustling

Violation of Special Laws

Other Non-Index Crimes

Figure 4. Barangay 365 Crime Statistics from January to December 2013

C. Survey Results

13-19 Years Old; 10;

20%

20-29 Years Old; 14; 28%

30-39 Years Old; 6; 12%

40-49 Years Old; 9; 18%

50-59 Years Old; 8; 16%

60 Years Old - +; 3; 6%

Edad

13-19 Years Old

20-29 Years Old

30-39 Years Old

40-49 Years Old

50-59 Years Old

60 Years Old - +

Figure 5. Age Range of the Respondents

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Oo; 38; 76%

Hindi; 12; 24%

Question 1. Dito ba kayo nakatira sa Barangay 365?

Oo

Hindi

Figure 5.

Dito ako nagtra-trabaho; 9; 69%

Dito ang daan ko papunta sa tra-

baho/paaralan; 1; 8%

Namimili sa Palengke; 1; 8%

Namamasyal; 1; 8%

Iba pang dahilan; 1; 8%

Question 1.1 Kung hindi (nakatira dito), ano ang ginagawa niyo dito?

Dito ako nagtratrabaho

Dito ang daan ko papunta sa trabaho/paaralan

Namimili sa Palengke

Namamasyal

May dinaralaw na kamag-anak o kaibigan na resi-dente dito sa barangay

Iba pang dahilan

Figure 6.

P a g e | 20

10-19 Years; 13; 34%

20-29 Years; 6;

16%

30-39 Years; 7;

18%

40-49 Years; 7; 18%

50-59 Years; 3;

8%

60 Years - +; 2; 5%

Question 2. Gaano katagal na kayong naninirahan dito sa barangay?

10-19 Years

20-29 Years

30-39 Years

40-49 Years

50-59 Years

60 Years - +

Figure . Years of Residency of the Respondents

Permanenteng Residente; 34; 89%

Panamantalang Nakatira; 4; 11%

Question 3. Kayo ba ay permanenteng residente dito o panamantalang naninirahan lamang?

Permanenteng Residente

Panamantalang Nakatira

Figure .

P a g e | 21

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

7

17

54

3 3

Question 4. Bakit dito niyo napiling manirahan?

Mura ang pabahay / mura ang upa sa bahay

Malapit sa pinapasukang trabaho o paaralan

Malapit sa LRT station o iba pang sakayan ng pampub-likong sasakyan

Kumpleto ang pangkalahatang serbisyo ng tubig, kuryente, gas, atbp.

Maganda at ligtas ang ka-paligiran para tirahan

Iba pang dahilan

Figure .

Kapag Disoras ng Gabi (11:00PM-03:00AM)

Kapag Gabi (6:00 PM-11:00 PM)

Kapag Hapon (1:00 PM-6:00 PM)

Kapag Tanghali (11:00AM-01:00PM)

Kapag Umaga (6:00 AM-11:00 AM)

Kapag Madaling Araw (3:00 AM-6:00 AM)

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Oo; 32

Oo; 34

Oo; 46

Oo; 45

Oo; 47

Oo; 37

Hindi; 18

Hindi; 16

Hindi; 5

Hindi; 5

Hindi; 3

Hindi; 13

Question 5. Ligtas at panatag ba ang loob niyo kapag kayo ay naglalakad o dumaraan sa mga kalye dito sa barangay sa kahit

anong oras?

Hindi Oo

Figure .

P a g e | 22

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

4541

1

17

3

85

2

Question 6. Ano ang mga pinakalaganap na krimen sa inyong barangay?

Pagnanakaw/Panghohold-up/ Pang-iisnatch/Pandurukot

Rape

Illegal Drugs

Pagpatay

Pambubugbog

Pagsagasa

Iba pang krimen

Figure .

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

1 0

11

38

Question 7. Gaano kadalas may mga nangyayaring krimen sa in-yong barangay?

Maraming beses sa isang araw.

Araw-araw

May ilang beses kada linggo

Paminsanminsan

Figure .

P a g e | 23

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

35

8

4

22

3

Question 9. Ano ang mayroon sa mga lugar na iyon at nagiging paborito iyong pangyarihan ng krimen?

Madilim

Liblib

Masukal

Matao

Iba pang dahi-lan

Figure .

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

22

39

63

5 64

Question 10. Ano sa tingin niyo ang maaring gawin at ayusin para mabawasan kung hindi man ganap na masugpo ang krimen?

Paglalagay ng dagdag na poste ng ilaw

Pagkakabit ng mga CCTV Camera

Pagtatalaga ng maayos na terminal ng pampublikong sasakyan

Paglipat ng mga lugar sakayan at babaan

Pagtatanggal o paglipat ng mga tindahan at iba pang balakid sa kalsada at bangketa

Pagsasa-ayos ng mga pampub-likong lugar tulad ng paaralan, palengke atbp.

Iba pang maaring gawin

Figure .

D. Site Analysis

1.0 Macro Site Analysis

1.1 City of Manila

P a g e | 24

Figure . Locational Setting of Barangay 365, Blumentritt, Manila

The City of Manila is part of the National Capital Region. It covers a land area of

4,045.8 hectares including all reclaimed areas along the Manila Bay. It is strategically located

on the eastern coast of Manila Bay at the mouth of Pasig River, which runs on an east-west

course through the center dividing the city into northern and southern sections. Manila is

bounded by seven other cities and municipalities: on the north by Navotas and Caloocan, on

the northeast by Quezon City, on the east by San Juan and Mandaluyong, on the southeast by

Makati and on the south by Pasay City.

Due to the existence of a developed port infrastructure, Manila serves as a major

loading port of the country, the center of the country’s shipping network, and the link to the

country’s many island destinations. There are four general entrance and exit points to the

city: (1) from the north (Navotas and Caloocan) – R-10; Honorio Lopez, Juan Luna, Rizal

Avenue and the railways, (2) from the east (Quezon City and Mandaluyong) – A. Bonifacio

St., Dapitan, España, Magsaysay Boulevard, South Super Highway, Vito Cruz Extension, (3)

P a g e | 25

from the south, Taft Avenue and Roxas Boulevard and, (4) from the west – the North Port

and South Port.

Figure . Vicinity Map of Manila Subdivided into Districts

Manila is divided into six districts: (1) District I -

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Figure . Offical Manila City District III Map

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Figure . Offical Manila City Zoning Map – District III

E. S.W.O.T. Analysis

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F. Pertinent Codes, Laws and Ordinances

1.0 Manila Ordinance No. 8119: Comprehensive Land Use Plan and Zoning

Ordinance of 2006

ARTICLE IV

ZONE CLASSIFICATION

SEC. 7. Division into Zones or Districts. - To effectively carry out the

provisions of this Ordinance, the City of Manila is hereby divided into the following

zones or districts as shown in the Official Zoning Maps.

A. General Residential Zone:

1. High Density Residential/Mixed Use Zone (R-3/MXD)

B. Commercial Zones:

2. Medium Intensity Commercial/Mixed Use Zone (C-2/MXD)

3. High Intensity Commercial/Mixed Use Zone (C-3/MXD)

ARTICLE V

ZONE REGULATIONS

SEC. 11. General Provision. The uses enumerated in the succeeding

sections are neither exhaustive nor all-inclusive.

Specific uses/activities of lesser density within a particular zone (C-2/MXD)

may be allowed within the zone of higher density (C-3/MXD) but not vice versa, nor

in another zone and its subdivisions (e.g. I-1,I-2), except for uses expressly allowed

in said zones, such that the cumulative effect of zoning shall be intra-zonal and not

inter-zonal.

Developments of Mixed-Use character (R3/MXD, C2/MXD) shall have a

70/30 sharingof uses. Where 70% of the development must be of the principal use

(e.g. R3/MXD – the principal use is residential) and the other 30% can be of any of

the allowed uses within the zone category.

SEC. 14. Use Regulations in High Intensity Commercial/Mixed Use Zone

(C-3/MXD). A C-3/MXD Zone shall be used primarily for high intensity mixed use

and commercial developments for trade, business activities and service industries.

The service area covers a metropolitan to national scale of operations. Enumerated

below are the allowable uses:

1. All uses in C-2/MXD Zone provided that in case of a residential building it

shall have commercial footprints

2. Manufacture of wood furniture including upholstered

P a g e | 29

3. Manufacture of rattan furniture including upholstered

4. Manufacture of box beds and mattresses

5. Small-scale commercial warehousing activity

6. Large-scale commercial warehousing activity (strictly located at District I)

7. Other commercial activities and those not elsewhere classified

Service Area: Metropolis to Nation wide

The following is the Land Use Intensity Control ratings that shall be observed

in the C- 3/MXD Zone:

LAND USEMaximum

PLO

Maximum

FAR

Commercial/Mixed Use

High Intensity Commercial/Mixed Use C3/MXD

0.8 7

PLO – Percentage of Land Occupancy

FAR – Floor Area Ratio

ARTICLE VI

GENERAL LAND USE INTENSITY CONTROL

SEC. 26. Development Density. Permitted density shall be based on the

zones’ capacity to support development.

B. All Other Zones

There is no fixed maximum density but should be based in the planned

absolute level of density that is intended for each concerned zone based on the

comprehensive land use plan.

SEC. 27. Height Regulations. – Building height must conform to the height

restrictions and requirements of the Air Transportation Office (ATO), as well as the

requirements of the National Building Code, the Structural Code, as well as all laws,

ordinances, design standards, rules and regulations related to land development and

building construction and the various safety codes.

B. All Other Zones

There is no fixed building Height limit except those prescribed by the Air

Transportation Office (ATO) and other government regulations. Within these zones,

building heights shall be based on the prescribed FLOOR Area Ratio (FAR).

SEC. 28. Area Regulations. – Area regulation in all zones shall conform

with the minimum requirement of the existing codes such as:

P a g e | 30

a. P.D. 957 – the “Subdivision and Condominium Buyers’ Protective Law”

and its revised implementing rules and regulations

b. B.P. 220 – “Promulgation of Different Levels of Standards and Technical

Requirements for Economic and Socialized Housing Projects” and its

revised implementing rules and regulations

c. P.D. 1096 – National Building Code and its implementing rules and

regulations

d. Fire Code; Sanitation Code; Plumbing Code; Structural Code

e. E.O. 648 – Reorganizing the Human Settlement’s Regulatory

Commission

f. Other relevant guidelines promulgated by the national agencies concerned

SEC. 29. Additional FAR Provisions. – Additional FAR beyond the

prescribed allowable maximum FAR can be availed through the following

development modes subject to the requirements of the IRR of this Ordinance:

29.1. Transit-Oriented Developments (TOD) – in all commercial zones (C-

2/MXD, C-3/MXD), a building or a structure that is within four hundred (400)

meters walking distance from an existing LRT or commuter rail station will be

allowed to build three (3) FAR higher than the maximum FAR specified in this

Zoning Ordinance, PROVIDED, That the building owner/s or developer/s should

build and maintain, at his cost, a direct, elevated as to being in the same level as the

terminal, well-ventilated, sheltered pedestrian link from his building to the

immediate structure of the transit station/terminal building as approved by the

Building Official and in consultation with concerned transit authorities, this link

must be of sufficient dimension to accommodate public pedestrian volumes and must

be kept open, safe, and well-lighted for the use of the general public at least during a

period that extends before and after regular working hours.

As for all commercial zones (C-2/MXD, C-3/MXD), with a 400 meter

distance but less than eight hundred (800) meters from the LRT or commuter rail

station, these areas will be allowed to build one and a half (1.5) FAR higher than the

maximum FAR specified in this Zoning Ordinance, PROVIDED, That these

developments should be built and maintained by the owner/s or developer/s, at his

cost, a sheltered pedestrian link from his structure connecting to those other

structures within 400-meter distance T.O.D. pedestrian link towards the specified

transport terminal.

P a g e | 31

SEC. 32. Specific Provisions in the National Building Code. - Specific

provisions stipulated in the National Building Code (P.D.1096) as amended thereto

relevant to traffic generators, advertising and business signs, erection of more than

one principal structure, dwelling or rear lots, access yard requirements and dwelling

groups, which are not in conflict with the provisions of the Zoning Ordinance, shall

be observed.

SEC. 41. Dwelling Group. - When it is impractical to apply the requirements

of these Zoning Regulations to individual building unit in a residential compound,

consisting of two or more buildings, a permit for the construction of such compound

may be issued, PROVIDED, That the plan thereof conform to the following

conditions:

a. That the buildings are to be used only for residential purposes and such

uses are permitted in the district where the compound is located.

b. That the average lot area per family of dwelling unit in the compound,

exclusive of the area used or to be used for streets or driveways, is not

less than the lot area per family required in the districts.

c. That there is provided, within the tract on which the residential compound

is to be located, an open space for playground purposes with an area

equivalent to at least an aggregate area of five (5%) percent of the

required lot area per family, but in no case less than one hundred square

meters; PROVIDED, That where the residential compound is intended for

less than ten families, the setting aside of such area for playground

purposes may be dispensed with; and PROVIDED FURTHER, That an

open space may be used as part of the yard requirements for the

compound; and

d. That there is provided within the tract on which the residential compound

is to be erected or immediately adjacent thereto, an adequate private

garage or off-street parking area, depending on the needs of the residents

and their visitors.

ARTICLE VII

PERFORMANCE STANDARDS

All land uses, developments or constructions shall conform to the noise,

vibration, smoke, dust, dirt and fly ash, odors and gases, glare and heat, industrial

wastes, sewage disposal, storm, drainage, pollution control, and other similar

P a g e | 32

environmental standards of the National Building Code, The Clean Air Act, and

other applicable laws, rules and regulations.

SEC. 44. Buffer Yards. - Aside from providing light and ventilation, buffers

can mitigate adverse impacts and nuisances between two adjacent developments.

Whenever necessary, buffers shall be required to extend and/or provided with

planting materials in order to ameliorate said negative conditions such as, but not

limited to, noise, odor, unsightly buildings or danger from fires and explosions.

Building setbacks shall be considered as buffer yards. A buffer may also contain

barrier, such as a fence, where such additional screening is necessary to achieve the

desired level of buffering between various activities.

SEC. 46. Network of Green and Open Spaces. - Aside from complying

with the open space requirements of PD 957, BP 220 and other related issuances, the

following shall apply:

1. All residential, commercial, industrial and mixed-use subdivisions are

required to provide tree-planted strips along its internal roads having spacing of not

more than ten (10) meters.

3. Residential compounds, regardless of total lot area, shall provide an open

space for playground purposes with an area equivalent to at least five percent (5%) of

the required lot area per family. Where the residential compound is intended for less

than ten (10) families, the setting aside of such area for playground purposes may be

dispensed with, PROVIDED, That an open space may be used as part of the yard

requirement for the compound.

* Note: All designated open spaces shall not be converted to other uses.

G. Architectural Programming

~Insert Space Interrelationship Diagram (Bubble Diagram)~

H. Architectural Translations

~Insert Architectural Translations (Bubble Diagram)~

P a g e | 33

Chapter V

Summary, Conclusions and Recommendations

P a g e | 34

Bibliography

Cozens, P. (2007b). Public health and the potential benefits of crime prevention through

environmental design. New South Wales Public Health Bulletin, 18, 232-237.

Cozens, P., Hillier, D., & Prescott, G. (1999). The sustainable and the criminogenic: the case

of newbuild housing projects in Britain, Property Management, 17(3), 252-261.

P a g e | 35

Cozens, P. M. (2002). Sustainable urban development and crime prevention through

environmental design for the British city, Towards an effective urban

environmentalism for the 21st century. Cities, 19(2), 129-137.

Cozens, P., Hillier, D., & Prescott, G. (1999). The sustainable and the criminogenic: the case

of newbuild housing projects in Britain, Property Management, 17(3), 252-261.

Crowe, T. D. (1991). Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design: Applications of

Architectural Design and Space Management Concepts, Boston: Butterworth-

Heinemann.

Geason, S., & Wilson, P. R. (1989). Designing out crime: Crime prevention through

environmental design, Canberra: Australian Institute of Criminology.

Haigh, Y. (2006). Promoting Safer Communities through Physical Design, Social Inclusion

and Crime Prevention through Environmental Design, Murdoch. (Centre for Social

and Community Research)

Hedayati, M. (2009). Perception of Crime and an Assessment of Crime Prevention Through

Environmental Design (CPTED) Elements in a Housing Area: A Case Study OF

Minden Heights in Penang. Unpublished Msc Thesis, Universiti Sains Malaysia,

Penang.

Newman, O. (1972). Defensible space; crime prevention through urban design, New York:

Macmillan.

Parnaby, P. (2007). Crime prevention through environmental design: financial hardship, the

dynamics of power, and the prospects of governance, Crime Law Soc Change, 48, 73-

85.

Sorensen, D. W. M. (2003). The Nature and Prevention of Residential Burglary: A Review of

the International Literature with An Eye Toward Prevention in Denmark.

Appendix A: Sample Survey Form

Magandang araw!Kami po ay mga mag-aaral na kumukuha ng BS Architecture sa Far Eastern University.

Gumagawa po kami ng isang pag-aaral tungkol sa iba’t ibang aspetong pisikal ng barangay na maaring maging sanhi ng pagkakaroon ng krimen dito upang makapagmungkahi kami ng mga solusyong arkitektural upang mabawasan kung hindi man ganap na masugpo ang krimen dito. Humihingi po kami ng mga ilang minuto ng inyong oras para sagutan ang kuwestyonaryong ito. Maraming salamat po.

P a g e | 36

Profile ng Tagasagot

Pangalan: _________________________________________________________________________Address ng Tirahan: ________________________________________________________________Edad: ____________________ Kasarian: _____ Babae _____ LalakiTrabaho: _________________ Kumpanya / Lugar na Pinagtatrabahuhan: __________Civil Status: _____ Single _____ May Asawa _____Byudo / Byuda _____Hiwalay sa AsawaMay anak? _____ Meron _____ Wala Kung mayroong anak, ilan ang inyong anak? _________

1. Kayo ba ay nakatira dito sa Barangay 365? OoHindi

1.1. Kung hindi, ano po ang ginagawa niyo dito?Dito ako nagtratrabahoDito ang daanan ko papunta sa trabaho / paaralanNamimili sa palengkeNamamasyalMay dinaralaw na kamag-anak o kaibigan na residente dito sa barangayIba pang dahilan: ___________________________________________________________________

2. Gaano katagal na kayong naninirahan dito sa barangay? _________________________3. Kayo ba ay permanenteng residente dito o panamantanlang nakatira lamang?

Permanenteng ResidentePanamantalang Nakatira

4. Bakit dito niyo napiling manirahan?Mura ang pabahay / mura ang upa sa bahayMalapit sa pinapasukang trabaho o paaralanMalapit sa lrt station at sa ibang mga sakayan ng pampublikong sasakyanKumpleto ang pangkalahatang serbisyo ng tubig, kuryente, gas, atbp.Maganda at ligtas ang kapaligiran para tirahanIba pang dahilan: _________________________________________________________

5. Ligtas at panatag ba ang loob niyo kapag kayo ay naglalakad o dumadaan sa mga kalye dito sa barangay sa kahit anong oras?5.1. Kapag madaling araw? (3:00 AM – 6:00 AM)

OoHindi

5.2. Kapag umaga? (6:00 AM – 11:00 AM)OoHindi

5.3. Kapag Tanghali? (11:00 AM – 01:00 PM)OoHindi

P a g e | 37

5.4. Kapag Hapon? (01:00 PM – 06:00 PM)OoHindi

5.5. Kapag Gabi? (06:00 PM – 11:00 PM)OoHindi

5.4. Kapag Disoras ng Gabi? (11:00 PM – 03:00 AM)OoHindi

6. Ano ang mga pinakalaganap na krimen sa inyong barangay?Pagnanakaw/Panghohold-up/Pang-iisnatch/PandurukotRapeIllegal DrugsPagpatayPambubugbogPagsagasaIba pang krimen: __________________________________________________________

7. Gaano kadalas may mga nangyayaring krimen sa inyong barangay?Maraming beses sa isang araw. Paki-saad kung mga ilang beses sa isang araw: ________Araw-arawMay ilang beses kada linggo. Paki-saad kung mga ilang beses kada linggo: _________Paminsan-minsan

8. Saan madalas na may nangyayaring krimen? ___________________________________________________________________________

9. Ano ang mayroon sa mga lugar na iyon at nagiging paborito iyong pangyarihan ng krimen?

MadilimLiblibMasukalMataoIba pang dahilan: ____________________

10. Ano sa tingin niyo ang maaring gawin at ayusin para mabawasan kung hindi man ganap na masugpo ang krimen?

Paglalagay ng dagdag na poste ng ilawPagkakabit ng mga CCTV CameraPagtatalaga ng maayos na terminal ng pampublikong sasakyanPaglipat ng mga lugar sakayan at babaanPagtatanggal o paglipat ng mga tindahan at iba pang balakid sa kalsada at sa bangketaPagsasa-ayos mga pampublikong lugar tulad ng paaralan, palengke, atbp.Iba pang maaring gawin:

____________________________________________________

Appendix B: Interview Questions

Pangalan:

Edad:

P a g e | 38

Trabaho/Ikinabubuhay:

Mga Tanong:

1. Nakatira po ba kayo sa Barangay 365?

2. Gaano katagal na po kayong nakatira sa Barangay 365?

3. Sa tagal niyo na pong nakatira dito, mayroon po ba kayong nasaksihan o nabalitaang may

nangyaring krimen dito sa barangay tulad ng pagnanakaw (panloob ng bahay o tindahan/

pagsnatch or hold-up/etc), paggamit o pagbebenta ng ilegal na droga, pagsusugal, pag-

aaway na humahantong sa sakitan o patayan, atbp?

4. Paano nangyayari ang mga ito? Saan sa barangay nangyayari ang mga ito?

5. Mga residente ba ang sangkot dito o tagalabas?

6. Lahat ba ng krimen nairereport sa barangay o pulis?

7. Kung hindi nairereport, ano ang nangyayari?

Appendix C: Request Letters

A. Request Letter to Ma’am Ma. Minerva Sinaguinan of the Manila Barangay Bureau

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21 January 2014

MA. MINERVA SINAGUINANOfficer-in-ChargeRecords SectionManila Barangay Bureau Manila City Hall

Dear Ma’am:

We are 4th Year BS Architecture students at the Far Eastern University – Institute of Architecture and Fine Arts, conducting a study on the Rehabilitation of Barangay 365, Blumentritt, Manila as part of the requirements for our SPECIALIZATION 1 (Community Architecture) class under Arch’t. Melba A. Paual. The study involves examining the community’s physical environment, identifying the aspects of the physical environment that provide opportunities for criminal activities and analyzing how they compromise the safety of the community.

We would like to request for a copy of Barangay 365’s population statistics, socio-economic profile, crime profile, crime rate statistics and other data or information pertinent to our study. All information or document provided by your office would be strictly for academic purposes. Thank you for taking the time to read our letter. We are earnestly praying to get a favorable response from you. If you have any questions, we may be reached through the numbers listed below.

B. Request Letter to P/Supt. Aldrine S. Gran, Officer-in-Charge of Police Station 3

21 January 2014

P/SUPT. ALDRINE S. GRAN

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Officer-in-ChargePolice Station-3Sta. Cruz, Manila

ATTN: ADMIN SECTION

We are 4th Year BS Architecture students at the Far Eastern University – Institute of Architecture and Fine Arts, conducting a study on the Rehabilitation of Barangay 365, Blumentritt, Manila as part of the requirements for our SPECIALIZATION 1 (Community Architecture) class under Arch’t. Melba A. Paual. The study involves examining the community’s physical environment, identifying the aspects of the physical environment that provide opportunities for criminal activities and analyzing how they compromise the safety of the community.

We would like to request for a copy of Barangay 365’s crime profile, crime rate statistics and other data or information pertinent to our study. All information or document provided by your office would be strictly for academic purposes. Thank you for taking the time to read our letter. We are earnestly praying to get a favorable response from you. If you have any questions, we may be reached through the numbers listed below.

C. Request Letter to P/Supt. Isagani F. Genabe, Jr., District Director of the Manila Police District

24 January 2014

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P/CSUPT. ISAGANI F. GENABE, JR.District DirectorManila Police District, NCRPO

Dear Sir:

We are 4th Year BS Architecture students at the Far Eastern University – Institute of Architecture and Fine Arts, conducting a study on the Rehabilitation of Barangay 365, Blumentritt, Manila as part of the requirements for our SPECIALIZATION 1 (Community Architecture) class under Arch’t. Melba A. Paual. The study involves examining the community’s physical environment, identifying the aspects of the physical environment that provide opportunities for criminal activities and analyzing how they compromise the safety of the community.

We would like to request for a copy of Barangay 365’s crime profile, crime rate statistics and other data or information pertinent to our study. All information or document provided by your office would be strictly for academic purposes. Thank you for taking the time to read our letter. We are earnestly praying to get a favorable response from you. If you have any questions, we may be reached through the numbers listed below.

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