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Specialty Engineering

Principles of System Engineering

(PoSE)

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Module Eight – Specialty Engineering

Roles of Specialty Engineers

♣ Provide skills in special area(s)

♣ Support concurrent engineering and account for crossdependencies:♣ Reliability and maintainability / life cycle costs and logistics♣ Producibility and supportability / performance♣ Human factors / cost

♣ Specialty Engineers have roles in all phases of the system’slifecycle:♣ System Requirements♣ Development♣ Operation

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Module Eight – Specialty Engineering

Relationship with Systems Engineering

♣ Systems Engineers must plan for a timely and effectiveprocess to establish and coordinate specialty disciplines.

♣ Systems Engineering integrates the technical specialties intothe program.♣ Defining requirements for technical specialty engineering.♣ Ensuring each specialty understands its requirements.♣ Including necessary specialties in program plans.♣ Including Specialty Engineers in product development.♣ Monitoring, assessing, and reporting status of technical specialty

areas.

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Module Eight – Specialty Engineering

Where in the System Life Cycle?

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Module Eight – Specialty Engineering

1 0%

30 %5 5%

D ISP O SA L

LIFE C YC LE CO ST

OPER ATIO N A ND S UP P OR T

SY S TEM A C QUISIT ION

5%

ConceptualEngineering

ProgramDefinition

Risk Reduction

EngineeringManufacturingDevelopment

Time

Percent of Life Cycle CostIncurred During Each Phase of Program

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Module Eight – Specialty Engineering

Examples of Specialty Engineering

♣ Reliability Engineering

♣Maintainability Engineering

♣ Supportability Engineering

♣ Human Factors Engineering

♣ Safety Engineering

♣ Security Engineering

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Module Eight – Specialty Engineering

Reliability Engineering

Reliability is the probability that a system will meetits performance requirements for a specified timeand under specified operating conditions

Fai

lure

Rat

e

Time

Infant mortality Useful Life(Constant failure rate)

Wear out

Hardware model:

Network model: Availability of Service (typically high e.g. 99.9%)

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Module Eight – Specialty Engineering

Reliability vs. Availability

♣ Reliability defines how often, on average, failures can occurfor a particular system, subsystem or component. Reliability istypically specified as Mean Time between Failures (MTBF).

♣ Availability defines the percentage of the time that the system,subsystem or component must be available for use, onaverage. Availability is typically specified as a percentage oftime the system, subsystem or component is available for use.

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Module Eight – Specialty Engineering

Reliability Tasks

♣ Requirements Analysis

♣ Allocation to system elements/components

♣ Reliability design guidelines

♣ Reliability critical items and risks

♣ Hazard tracking

♣ Failure Reporting, Analysis and Corrective Action System(FRACAS)

♣ Failure Review Board

♣ Subcontractor guidelines/control

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Module Eight – Specialty Engineering

Reliability Design and Evaluation

Reliability design and evaluation covers:

♣ Single Point of Failure

♣ Failure Mode, Effects and Criticality Analysis (FMECA)

♣ Electronic Parts/Circuit Tolerance Analysis (EP/CTA)

♣ Component stress analysis

♣ Reliability modeling - MIL Handbook

♣ Reliability predictions

♣ Reliability assessment

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Module Eight – Specialty Engineering

Maintainability Engineering

Maintainability is the ability to quickly, economically,and safely restore a failed system to its operationalstate.

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Module Eight – Specialty Engineering

Maintainability Tasks

♣ Requirements Flowdown

♣ Design criteria to be considered in design specifications,design handbooks, checklists and lessons learned, andguidelines and policies

♣Maturity assessment

♣ Trade Studies

♣ Design improvements

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Module Eight – Specialty Engineering

Maintainability Design and Evaluation

Maintainability design and evaluation regards issues such as:

♣Modeling

♣ Predictions

♣ Data Collection

♣ Data Analysis

♣Maintainability Testing

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Module Eight – Specialty Engineering

Supportability Engineering

Supportability ensures that the appropriatestructure is in place to supply and maintain asystem throughout its life cycle.

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Module Eight – Specialty Engineering

Supportability and Logistics

Elements integrated in both Logistics and Supportability:♣ Maintenance Planning

♣ Repair Analysis

♣ Support and Test Equipment

♣ Supply Support

♣ Manpower, Personnel, and Training

♣ Facilities

♣ Packaging, Handling, Storage, and Transportation

♣ Post Production Support

♣ Computer Resources

♣ Technical Data

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Module Eight – Specialty Engineering

Supportability Tasks

♣ Allocate Requirements

♣ Flowdown

♣ Documentation

♣ LCC Trade Studies

♣ Software Supportability

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Module Eight – Specialty Engineering

Supportability Design and Evaluation

Supportability design and evaluation includes:

♣ Logistics Support Analysis (LSA)

♣ Repair Level Analysis (RLA)

♣ Reliability Centered Maintenance (RCM)

♣ LCC Trade Studies

♣ Supportability Tests

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Module Eight – Specialty Engineering

Human Factors Engineering

Human factors is the discipline involved with ensuringthat the human operator and/or maintainer’sphysiological, psychological and anthropometricfactors are a integral part of the system design.

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Module Eight – Specialty Engineering

Human Factors Tasks

♣ Improve human and overall system performance

♣Make effective use of manpower and personnel

♣ Optimize the human-machine interface

♣Minimize training needs and cost

♣Minimize equipment losses

♣Maximize equipment effectiveness

♣ Increase safety

♣ Increase acceptance by the user

♣ Ensure system fits the user population

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Module Eight – Specialty Engineering

Human Factors Design and Evaluation

Human factors effect design and evaluation by:

♣ Designing for human limitations

♣ Designing for environmental conditions

♣ Completing Human Factors analyses

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Safety Engineering

Safety Engineers ensure dangerous conditionsare either eliminated from the design or clearlylabeled

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Safety Tasks

♣ Safety requirements/criteria analysis

♣ Safety plans and guidelines

♣ Safety tests and evaluation

♣ Safety critical items

♣ System/subsystem hazard analysis

♣ Operating and support hazard analysis

♣ Environmental Safety and Health (ESH)

♣ Occupational health hazard assessment

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Module Eight – Specialty Engineering

Safety Design and Evaluation

Safety design and evaluation includes:

♣ Hazard Analyses

♣ Safety Verification and Validation

♣ Identification of Safety Procedures

♣ Safety Assessment

♣ Safety Testing

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Module Eight – Specialty Engineering

Security Engineering

Security Engineers design, procure, implement,build and test security components of systems toprevent espionage.

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Security Tasks

♣ Security Policies

♣ Security Management

♣ Physical Security

♣ Risk Management

♣ Disaster Recovery

♣ Incident Response

♣ Computer Forensics

♣ Networks and Communications

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Module Eight – Specialty Engineering

Benefits to Systems Engineering

The Specialty Engineer:

♣ Coordinates with the Systems Engineer to brief technicalaspects of the program and review work products

♣ Coordinates with the customer to appraise the specialtyrequirements and review the work products.

♣ Helps the Systems Engineers with in-depth knowledge andexperience in narrow specialty.

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Module Eight – Specialty Engineering

Specialty Engineering Products

Specialty EngineeringProducts

FMECA / FMEA - ReliabilityDeliverable Data - ReliabilityRD/GTRQTWC / Tolerance AnalysisDeliverable Test EquipmentFMECA – SafetyHazardous Material ReportSoftware Safety Analysis Safety / Hazard AnalysisHuman Engineering ProgramHF ModelingMANPRINT RequirementsHF AnalysisHP PrototypesHF Demonstration / ReviewsDeliverable Data - HF

FMECA / FMEA – MaintainabilityM/T DemonstrationTRDDeliverable Data – MaintainabilityISPLSAPICLSPSARCAMLORASORALSATechnical ManualsTraining

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Summary

♣ Specialty Engineers:♣ Provide skills in special area(s).♣ Apply specialty at successive levels of the system.♣ Support concurrent engineering and account for cross dependencies.♣ Help the Systems Engineers with in-depth knowledge and experience

in narrow specialty.♣ Avoids the Systems Engineer needing to learn the subject matter in

depth.

♣ Early integration of specialty engineering:♣ Identifies specialty risk areas.♣ Reduces overall product life cycle cost.