Species Composition of Grasshoppers (Acrididae: Orthoptera) in
Mirpur Division of Azad Jammu & Kashmir
By
ZAHID MAHMOOD
B.Sc. (Hons.) Agri. Entomology
A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of
M.Sc. (Hons)
in
Agricultural Entomology
The University of Azad Jammu & Kashmir
Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology
Faculty of Agriculture, Rawalakot
Azad Jammu & Kashmir 2008.
To, The Controller Examination
University of Azad Jammu & Kashmir
Muzaffarabad
We, the supervisory committee, certify that the contents and the form of thesis entitled
“Species Composition of Grasshoppers (Acrididae: Orthoptera) in Mirpur Division of Azad Jammu
& Kashmir” submitted by Mr. Zahid Mahmood is according to the form and format established by
the Faculty of Agriculture, Rawalakot and have been found satisfactory.
It is, therefore, recommended that it should be processed for evaluation from external
examiners for the award of degree.
Chairman / supervisor _________________
Dr. Khalid Mahmood
Member _________________
Dr. M Rahim Khan
Member _________________
Dr. S. Dilnawaz Gardazi
External examiner _________________
Chairman
Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology
Faculty of Agriculture, Rawalakot
Azad Jammu & Kashmir
DEDICATION
I would like to dedicate all my humble effort the fruit of my life to
affectionate parents
and the people who are scarifying their lives for
Islam and Muslims
in the world.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
I have no words to express my deepest sense of gratitude to “Almighty Allah” (The Merciful and
compassionate). The only one to be praised who blessed me with the potential and ability to gain
something from the pre-existing Ocean of knowledge and I am also deeply grateful to His
beloved Prophet Muhmmad (PBUH) who is the real source of knowledge and guidance for
whole the universe forever.
Sincere thanks to my supervisor, Dr. Khalid Mahmood, Professor, and chairman, Department of
Entomology, for his guidance and supervision. Thanks are due to Professor Dr. Muhammad
Rafique Khan, Department of Entomology. My sincere thanks to members of my supervisory
committee. Dr. Muhammad Raheem Khan, (Associate Professor) Department of entomology and
Dr. S. Dilnawaz gardezi, Professor, Departmrnt of PBMG.
I also express my deep sense of gratitude to my affectionate parents, brothers and especially my
colleague Mr. Muhammad Zakria Tahir for their spiritual, moral, proper guidance and
encouragement throughout my studies for effulgent future.
I am highly indebted to my colleagues Miss. Ansa Tamkeen and Shahid Abdullah for their co-
operation and helped during the preparation of this thesis.
SUMMARY
The adult acridoid grasshoppers were collected during the year 2007-2008 from 12 localities
Dadyal, Siakh, Chakswari, Bathar, Sehnsa, Gullpur, Choch, Kuri, Jattlan, Bindi, Jandichontra
and Samahni of different altitudes of Mirpur division. In this study 402 specimens were
identified into 25 species belonging to 21 genera and two families Pyrgomorphidae and
Acrididae. The collection was identified according to the published keys such as Kirby, 1914,
Bei_Bienko and Mishchenko, 1951. The measurements of body, tegmina and femur length along
with their range, mean and standard deviation are also given. Relative abundance was calculated
on the basis of number of individual of each species. The species richness was calculated on the
basis of number of species present in each district.
In the present study 25 species were recorded from Mirpur division Azad Jammu & Kashmir,
out of these 25 species 10 species are different while 15 species are common.
Oxya fuscovittata recorded as much abundant species with Relative abundance 22.39, while
Locusta migratoria; Anacridium aegyptium; Aularches miliris, Acorypha glaucopsis and
Catantops brachycerus is least abundant. The species richness of Districts, Kotli, Mirpur and
Bhimber was calculated as 1.38, 1.34 and 1.23 respectively.
CONTENTS
Summary i
1. Introduction 2
2. Review of Literature 5
3. Materials and Methods 8
4. Restults and Discussion 10
4.1 Family Pyrgomorphidae 10
4.2 Family Acrididae 17
4.2.1. Subfamily Hemiacridinae 17
4.2.2. Subfamily Calliptaminae 20
4.2.3. Subfamily Eyprepocnemidinae 21
4.2.4. Subfamily Oedipodinae 27
4.2.5. Subfamily Catantopinae 38
4.2.6. Subfamily Oxyinae 47
4.2.7. Subfamily Acridinae 50
5. Calculation of Species diversity indices 55
6. Check list of Acridoidea of Azad
Jammu And Kashmir 56
7. References 59
LIST OF TABLES
4.1. C. robertsi 12
4.2. A. sinensis sinensis 13
4.3. P.conica 15
4.4. A. miliaris 16
4.5. S. prasiniferum prasiniferum 19
4.6. A. glaucopsis 21
4.7. E. alacris alacris 23
4.8. H. rubustus 25
4.9. H. illustris 26
4.10. A. thalassinus thalassinus 29
4.11. L. migratoria 31
4.12. O. abruptus 33
4.13. G. africanus africanus 35
4.14. T. annulata 37
4.15. C. innutabilis 39
4.16. A. aegyptium 41
4.17. C. rosea 43
4.18. H. concolor 44
4.19. H. nigrorpletus 46
4.20. O. nitidula 48
4.21. O. fuscovittata 49
4.22. A. exaltata 51
4.23. P. infumata 53
4.24. G. rotundata 54
LIST OF FIGURE
3.1. Map of Mirpur division 9a
INTRODUCTION
Locusts and grasshoppers represent a super family Acridoidea belonging to Order
Orthoptera. The term locust is given to grasshoppers capable of forming large swarms,
which invade in many countries of the world and cause a great damage to all type of
cultivated and natural vegetation. The grasshoppers are cosmopolitan in distribution from
tropical areas to highest snow covered mountains with their maximum population in the
warmer regions of the world.
Grasshoppers both nymphs and adults feed on leaves by cutting germinating plants of
cotton, wheat, etc. (Atwal, 1976).
The Acrididae with about 9000 species is the largest Orthoptern family and though found
predominantly in the hotter region including the familiar grasshoppers of the temperate
countryside as well as notoriously destructive locust (Richards and Davies, 1977).
Grasshoppers have great economic importance in hilly and rain fed areas where natural
green grass and hay are used as major fodder for cattle, for example Oedalus
seneglensis was recorded as a serious pest of pastures in India (Bhattia and Ahlawalia,
1966). Bremmer (1991) reported that acridoids along with other pest complex has caused
a losses of 24 % and 59 % to field grasses and seed respectively. Uvarov (1977) reported
that an adult locust eat food equal to his own weight per day. Batten (1969) reported that
two species Oedaleus senegalensis and Oedaleus nigeriensis of acridid genera Oedaleus
Fieber are the serious pests of crops in Nigeria. Ambethgar and Kumaran (1998) have
reported that a single Oxya nitiduala can damage 50 or more rice hills in its life time.
Chandra and Manoharan (1989) reported that small rice grasshopper Oxya nitiduala
(Walker) caused the severe damage in rice growing areas of Tamil Nadu. Brachaspis
robustus is an endangered grasshopper endemic to South Island (Setven and Trewick
2001). Gautam et.al. (2006) reported that Orthopteraninsects are susceptible to industrial
pollution and some of the members of these Orders may be considered as a bioindicator
group.
About the study site:
Azad Jammu and Kashmir lies between longitude of 73-75 and latitude of 33-36 and
comprises an area of 5134 square miles. Azad Jammu and Kashmir is subdivided in to
three Divisions Muzaffarabad, Poonch and Mirpur. The Mirpur division comprises three
districts, Mirpur, Bhimber and Kotli. The topography of the Mirpur division is mainly hilly
and mountainous with valleys and a few stretches of plains. The climate is sub-tropical.
The elevation from sea level ranges 360 meters to 900 meters approximately. More than
90 % of the crops grown are cereals i.e. maize, wheat and rice, intercropped with
vegetables for household consumption.
Despite, this much importance of grasshopper's rich biological diversity, specific
ecological conditions and geographical situation of the state of Azad Jammu and
Kashmir, no interest has been shown to explore the grasshopper fauna of Azad Jammu
and Kashmir.
Though some earlier workers like Perwin et.al. (1985) Mahmood and Yousuf (2000) and
Mahmood et. al. (2000) taken a good step for grasshopper species estimation from
Azad Jammu and Kashmir yet the area needs thorough survey to explore the rich
grasshopper fauna of study site. Therefore, the present study is planned to conduct the
detail survey of Mirpur division for the exploration of grasshopper species composition.
Objectives
1- To estimate the species composition of the study area.
2- To estimate the species richness and abundance of the study site.
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
The available taxonomic work on Acridoidea (Orthoptera) is briefly reviewed below.
Kirby (1914) studied the Acridoid fauna of the United India and provided the keys and
brief descripition of 329 species of acridoids from British India Ceylon and Burma.
Fletcher (1919) provided a list of 38 pest species of the family Acrididae from the Indo-
Pak. Subcontinent. Uvarov (1927) identified 45 species of the subfamilies Acridinae,
Oedipodinae, Pyrgomorphinae and Catantopinae from the undivided India.
Bei-Bienko and Mishchenko (1951) described 833 species of grasshoppers and locusts
under 222 genera from U.S.S.R and adjacent countries, including Kashmir and
Baluchistan.
Mohyuddin (1955) collected 29 species of acridids from Lahore. Hashmi (1962) identified
the genus Hieroglyphus from Faisalabad. Akbar (1963, 1966) classified the family
Pyrgomorphidae on the basis of phallic characters and reported that Pyrgomorpha conica
(Oliver) was the most common species found in Pakistan. Shahid (1964) identified 34
species of acridids grasshoppers from Peshawar valley in N.W.F.P. Baloch (1966)
reported 11 species of grasshoppers belonging to the families Pyrgomorphidae and
Acrididae. Akbar and Baloch (1970) identified a new species Gesnula rehni from
Pakistan. Moeed (1971, 1976) recorded 27 species of the subfamilies Acridinae and
Oedipodinae from Hyderabad and Pakistan.
Irshad et al. Ahmad (1975-80) identified 120 species of the grasshoppers from the
different areas of the Pakistan, whereas Ahmad (1977) revorded 6 families of Acridoidea
from Siuth-Asia and cllected Chrotogonus trachypterus, Chrotogonus robertsi,
Atractomorpha crenulata and Pyrgomorpha conica from Pakistan.
Tandon Shishodia (1977) and reported 21 species of Pyrgomophidae and Acrididae from
Goa, India. Irshad et al. (1978) reported 31 species of grasshoppers from paddy crops
and grasslands of the Punjab in Pakistan. Jago (1982, 1984) worked on the genera
Acorypha and Xenocatantops, and reported the species Acorypha glaucopsis,
Xenocatantops brachycerus, X. humilis, X. Karnyi, Diabolocatentops pulchella and D.
axillaries from all over the Indo Pak subcontinent. Perwin et al. (1983, 1985) recorded 33
species of Grasshoppers from Karachi, while they reported 110 speecies along with their
host plants in Pakistan including Azad Jammu and Kashmir. Baccetti and Abubakar
(1987) reported Pyrgomorpha cognata, and Ochrilidia tibialies Fiber from Pakistan.
Wagan (1990) reported 41 species of grasshoppers from Sindh Pakistan. Mazar (1993)
reported 74 species of grasshoppers from the Punjab, Pakistan, while Suhail (1994)
identified 146 species under 65 genera and 5 families in Pakistan. Suhail et al. (1994)
collected 13 species of subfamily Acridinae from the Punjab Province of Pakistan.
Mahmood (1995) collected the 53 Acridoid apecies from Azad Jamu and Kashmir.
Mahmood and Yousuf (1999) recorded 11 species of Oedipodinae under 10 genera
including the description of a new species i.e. Oedipoda neelumensis from Azad Jammu
and Kashmir. Mahmood and Yousuf (2000) reported 6 species of Pyrgomorphidae and
Catantopinae from Azad Jammu & Kashmir. Out of them the genera Aularches Stål and
Conophyma zubvoskii are the new record from Pakistan including Azad Jammu and
Kashmir. Mahmood et al. (2002) reported 6 species of Catantopinae under 4 genera,
including one species i.e. Catantops unimaculata that is new to science, from Azad
Jammu & Kashmir. Hong and Xiang (2005) recorded two new species Stenocatantops
nigrovittatus and Stenocatantops unicolor of the genus Stenocatantops.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The adult acridoids were collected from various localities of Mirpur Kotli and Bhimber as
shown in table-1.
Specimens were collected by using the sweep net during the summer months 2007-
2008, from different localities of District Mirpur, Bhimber and Kotli, because during this
season most of the insects especially grasshoppers are available everywhere in the field
in large number. After being caught, the specimens were killed without injuring or
breaking any part of their body. For this purpose a killing jar (Cyanide bottle) was used.
The killed specimens were brought into the Entomology laboratory (faculty of Agriculture
Rawalakot) where they were properly set, pinned and labeled. In the laboratory
identification of specimens up to the specific level was done with the help of already
published keys, like Kirby, 1914; Mason, 1973 Ritchie, 1981-1982, Bei-Bienko and
Mishchenko, 1951; Jago,1984; Mahmood, 1995. For identification compound microscope
(Leica, 1.0 X) was used. All the identified specimens have been deposited in the
laboratory of Entomology (faculty of Agriculture Rawalakot Azad Kashmir)
The relative abundance of grasshopper was calculated by using the following formula as
described by Krebs (1985).
No. of individuals of particular species
Relative abundance ═ ___________________________ × 100
Total no. of individuals of all species
Species richness was calculated by following index (Menhinick, 1964).
S─1
Species richness ═ _________________
√n
Where S = number of species.
n = total number of all individuals.
Following abbreviations are used in the text
B.L. = Body length
T.L. = Tegmen length
F.L. = Femur length
R. A. = Relative abundance
S. D. = Standard Deviation
Table 1. collection localities of Mirpur divission
Localities Altitude Localities Altitude Localities Altitude Distt.
Mirpur Ft. Distt. Bhimber Ft. Distt. Kotli Ft
Dadyal 1250 Jattlan 1100 Sehnsa 2100
Siakh 1250 Bindi 2050 Gullpur 2200
Chakswari 1300 Jandichontra 2800 Choch 2700
Bathar 1250 Samahni 2050 Kurti 2200
_______________________________________________________________________
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
During this research work twenty five species have been identified under
21 gerera of two families.
The present study revealed 25 species from Mirpur division of Azad Jamu
& Kashmir. Out of these 25 species 10 species are new record from the study
site while 15 species are common. It is expected more new material will explore if
comprehensive survey of the area will be undertaken in future.
Family Pyrgomorphidae
In this family four species have been identified under four genera.
I. Chrotogonus Serville
ii. Atractomorpha Saussure
iii. Pyrgomorpha Serville
iv. Aularches Stål
Genus Chrotogonus Serville
1836. Ommexecha Blanchard, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., 5:603.
1839. Chrotogonus Serville, Hist.Nat.Ins.Orth.,P.702.
1904. Chrotogonus Bolivar, Bol.Soc.Espan.Hist.Nat.,4:91.
1905. Chrotogonus Jakobson, P. 288.
1927a. Chrotogonus Uvarov, P.164.
Type of genus: Chrotogonus lugubris (Blanch).
The collected specimens of a single species are similar to the published
description (Bei-Bienko and Mishchenko, 1951 ; Kirby , 1914)
1. Chrotogonus robertsi Serville
1914. Chrotogonus robertsi Kirby, P. 164
1905. Chrotogonus robertsi Jakobson, P. 288.
All the examined specimens are similar to the published Keys (Kirby,
1914; Bei-Bienko and Mishshenko, 1951) with the addition that wings distinctly
shorter than tegmina and slightly shorter than abdomen.
Table 4.1. Measurements: (mm) 5♀ 2 ♂ Chrotogonus robertsi
Species Female Male
Chrotogonus robertsi B.L T.L F.L B.L T.L F.L
22.5 13 10 15 09 08
21.5 13 9.5 13 09 08
19.5 10.5 10
19.5 11.5 10
Range 19.5-22.5 10.5-13 9.5-10 13-15 09 08
Average 20.75 12 9.87 20 9 8
S. D. 1.5 1.22 0.25 1.41 0 0
R. A. =1.49
Material examined:
Chakswari 3♀1♂, 05. VII. 2008. Samahni 1♀ 1 ♂, 06. VII. 2008.
Genus Atractomorpha Saussare
1861. Atractomorpha Saussare,Ann.Soc. Ent. France. (4), 1:474.
1870. Atractomorpha Walker,Cat. Derm Salt. Brit. Mus., 3:506.
1905. Atractomorpha Bolviar,Bol. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat., 5:196.
1905. Atractomorpha Jakobson, P. 292.
Type of genus: Atractomorpha cernulata (Fabricius)
A Single species of observed specimens is conformed to the published
description (Kirby, 1914, Bei-Bienko and Mishchenko, 1951). of the genus.
1- Atractomorpha sinensis sinensis (Bolivar)
1905. Atractomorpha sinensis sinensis I.Bolivar, Bol. Soc Esp. Hist. nat., 5:205
The observed specimens exactly resemble with the published keys
(Bei-Bienko and Mishchenko, 1951) except the wings are reddish at the base.
Table 4.2. Measurements : (mm) 2♀ Atractomorpha sinensis sinensis
Species Female
Atractomorpha sinensis sinensis B.L T.L F.L
32 25.5 14
31 26 14
Average 31.5 25.75 14
S. D. 0.70 0.35 00
R. A. = 0.5
Material examined: Dadyal 1♀ 1♂, 29.Xl.2007
Habitat: The specimens of this species were collected from the grass and maize
fields.
Genus Pyrgomorpha Serville
1791. Acridium olivier, Encycl. Math. Ins., 6:230.
1839. Pyrgomorpha Serville, Hist. Nat. Ins. Orth., P. 583.
1904. Pyrgomorpha Bolivar, Bol. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat., 4:451.
Type of genus: Acridium conicum Olivier.
A single species of observed specimen is similar to the key of Bei-Bienko
and Mishchenko, 1951, of this genus.
1. Pyrgomorpha conica Olivier
1791. Acrydium conicum Olivier, Encycl. Meth. ins., 6:230.
1804. Truxalis rhodoptile Schaffer, Panzer. Faun. Ins. genus., P.16.
1914. Pyrgomorpha conica kirby,Faun. Brit. Ind. orth. Acrid., P.175.
The collected specimens have been identified according to the published
deseription of Bei-Bienko and Mishchenko, 1951 of this genus.
Table 4.3 Measurements: (mm) 2♂ 2♀ Pyrgomorpha conica mongolica
Species Female Male
Pyrgomorpha conica mongolica B.L T.L F.L B.L T.L F.L
52 32 20 43 35 19
54 31 19 39 31 19
Average 53 31.5 19.5 41 33 19
S. D. 1.41 0.70 0.70 2.82 2.82 0
R. A. = 0.99
Material examined: Dadyal 2 ♂ 1♀, 09. VII. 2007; 1♀, 19. viii. 2007.
Habitat: The specimens of this species were collected from ornamental plants at
the height of 1300 feet’s.
Genus: Aularches Stål.
1873. Aularches Stål, ofv. vet. Akad. Forh., 21(4):51.
1904. Aularches Bolivar, Bal. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat., 4:393.
Type of genus: Aularches miliaris (Linnaeus).
A collected specimen is greatly similar to the published description (Bei-
Bienk and Mishchenko 1951).
Aularches miliaris Linnaeus
1758. Gryllus locusta Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., 1:432.
1793. Gryllus Fabricius, Entom. Syst., 2:51.
1904. Aularches miliaris Bolivar, Bol. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat., 4:393.
1914. Aularches miliaris Kirby, Faun. Brit. Ind. Acrid. P.170.
The specimen have been collected from Bhimber (District) which is
completely agree with the published description (Bei-Bienko and
Mishchenko,1951) of this species.
Table 4.4 Measurements : (mm) 1♀ Aularches miliaris
Species Female
Aularches miliaris B.L T.L F.L
50 40 19
R. A. = 0.25
Material examined: Bindi 10km. West from Samahni 1♀, 23. IX. 2007.
Habitat: The specimen was collected from the vegetable field at the height of
2000 feet’s.
4.2. Family: Acrididae
During this study 21 species belonging to 17 genera under 7 sub-families
of Acrididae were identified.
Subfamilies of Acrididae
1. Hemiacridinae
2. Oxyinae
3. Eyprepocnemidinae
4. Catantopinae
5. Oedipodinae
6. Acridinae
7. Calliptaminae
4.2.1. Sub-family: Hemiacridinae
It is represented by 1 species under 1 genus.
Genus: Spathosternum Krauss.
1877. Spathosternum Krauss, S. B. Akad. Wiss. Wien, 76(1):44.
1914. Gymnobothrus Kirby, Faun. Brit. Ind. Acrid., PP. 96, 113.
Type: Spathosternum prasiniferum prasiniferum
1871. Heteracris prasinifera Walker, Cat. Derm. (Walker). Stål. Brit. Mus. (N.H.),
Suppl., 5:65.
1871. Spathosternum rectus Walker, Ibid., P.83.
1914. Spathosternum prasiniferum Kirby, Faun. Brit. Ind. Acrid., P.208.
1951. Spathosternum prasiniferum prasiniferum. Bei-Bienko and Mishchenko,
Keys. Faun. USSR., 38:160.
The collected specimens exactly agree with the published description
(Kirby, 1914; Bei-Bienko and Mishchenko, 1951) of this species.
Table 4.5. Measurements: (mm) 5 ♂5♀ Spathosternum prasiniferum prasiniferum
Species Female Male
Spathosternum
prasiniferum
B.L T.L F.L B.L T.L F.L
prasiniferum
21 15.5 10.5 15 13.5 9
19 13 10 14 13 8
19 13.5 9.5 15 14 8.5
19 14 9.5 15 13.5 8.5
17 12.5 8.5 15 13.5 9
Range 17-19 12.5-15.5 8.5-10.5 14-15 13.5-14 8-9
Average 19 13.7 9.6 14.8 13.5 8.6
S. D. 1.41 1.15 4.21 0.44 0.35 0.41
R. A. =14.18
Marerial examined: Dadyal 2♂ 3♀, 09.X.2007;1♂ 6♀, 20.IX.2007 1♂,
22.VIII.2007. Kotli 4♂ 5♀, 10.X.2007; 4♀, 9.X.2007;4♀ , 09.X.2007; Sehnsa
1♂, 8.X.2007; 1♀ , 29.X.2007; 4♀ 1♂ , 27.IX.2007; 1♀ , 27.VII.2007. Jatlan.
18 Km East of Mirpur 3♂ 4♀ , 1.IX.2007. Chakswari 1♀ , 05.VII.2008. Samahni
2♀ , 21.VI.2008; 2♀ , 20.VI.2008; 2♀ 1♂ , 23.IX.2007; Jandichontra 15 Km
North of Bhimber 1♂ 5♀, 23.IX.2007.
Habitat: The specimens of this species were collected from maize, rice and pine
forest areas.
4.2.2. Subfamily Calliptaminae
In this study, the subfamily Calliptaminae represented only one species
under 1 genus.
Genus: Acorypha Krauss
1877. Acorypha Krauss, S.B.Akad.Wiss.Wien., 76(1): 38.
1889. Caloptenopsis I.Bolivar, Journ.Sci.Lond, 1925: 452.
Type of genus: Acorypha picta (Krauss)
A single collected specimen completely tally with the published description
(Kirby, 1914, Bei-Bienko and Mishchenko, 1951) of this genus.
1. Acorypha glaucopsis (Walker).
1870. Caloptenus glaucopsis Walker, Cat. Derm. Sålt. Brit. Mus. (N.H.),4:702.
1870. Caloptenus liturifer Walker, Ibid., P. 703.
1902. Calliptamus pachypus Krauss, Anz. Akad. Wiss. Wein., 39:57.
1914. Caloptenus glaucopsis Kirby, Faun. Brit. Ind. Acrid. PP. 258, 259.
1926. Acorypha glaucopsis Unarov, Trans. R. ent. Sec. Lond. 452.
1898. Caloptenus crassiusculus Martinez, Act. Soc. esp. Hist. nat., 27:11.
A collected specimen completely resemble with the published description
(Bei-Bienko and Mishchenko 1951) of this species.
Table 4.6. Measurements: (mm) 1♂ Acorypha glaucopsis
Species Male
Acorypha glaucopsis B.L T.L F.L
20 14.5 12
R. A. = 0.25
Material examined: Jandichontra 15 Km North of Bhimber, 1♂, 23. IX. 2007.
Habitat: The specimens of this species were collected from the pine forest
grasses in Jandichontra at the height of 2800 feet’s.
4.2.3. Subfamily: Eyprepocnemidinae
It is represented by 3 species under 2 genera.
Genus: Eyprepocnemis Fieber
1853. Eyprepocnemis Fieber, Lotos., 3:98.
1873. Eyprepocnemis Stål, Recens.Orth., 1:75.
1882. Eyprepocnemis Brunner, P., 86.
1921. Eyprepocnemis Unarov, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 110.
Type genus: Eyprepocnemis plorans (Charpentier)
A single species have been identified in the genera that completely
resemble with published description (Kirby, 1914; Bri-Bienko and Mishchenko,
1951) of this genus.
1. Euprepocnemis alacris alacris (Serville)
1839. Acridium alacre Serville, Hist.nat.Ins.Orth., P.682.
1859. Acrydium deponens Walker, Ann.Mag.nat.Hist., 4:222.
1870. Heteracris rudis Walker,Cat.Derm.Salt.Brit.Mus.(N.H.), 4:662, 664.
1902. Euprepocnemis plorans Var. intermedia. I.Bolivar, Ann. Soc. ent. Pr.
70: 630.
1914. Euprepocnemis alacris Kirby , Faun.Brit.Ind.Acrid. , P. 267.
1951. Euprepocnemis alacris alacris Bei-Bienko and Mishchko, keys Faun.
USSR. P.269.
The collected specimens exactly agree with the published description
(Kirby, 1914; Bei-Bicko and Mishohcnko, 1951) of this species.
Table 4.7. Measurements : (mm) 5 ♀3♂ Euprepocnemis alacris alacris
Species Male Female
Euprepocnemis alacris
alacris
B.L T.L F.L B.L T.L F.L
28 23 16 41 32 22
25 21 15 36 29 21
27 23 16 37 30 21
36 28 20
28 27 20
Range 25-28 21-23 15-16 28-41 27-32 20-22
Average 26.67 22.33 15.66 35.6 29.2 20.8
S.D. 1.52 1.15 0.57 4.72 1.92 0.83
R. A. =2.24
Material examined: Samanhi 2♀ , 09.IX.2007; 1♂ , 21.VI.2008 ; 1♀
,14.VII.2008; 1♂ , 26.VII.2008. Jandichontra 15km North of Bhimber 1♀,
5.VII.2008. Kotli 1♀ 1♂, 09.X.2007; Senhsa 1♀, 27.IX.2007.
Habitat: The specimens of this species were collected from the maize fields and
baru grass.
Genus Heteracris Walker
1870. Heteracris Walker, Cat.Derm.Salt.Brit.Mus.(N.H.) 4:607, 655.
1893. Demodocus Brunner, Ann.Mus.Stor.nat.Ginacoma, 13150.
1914. Bibulus I.Bolivar, Trab.Mus.Cienc.nat.Madr. , 20:31.
1893. Paraeuprepocnemis Brunner, Ibid., P.150.
1921. Thisoicetrinus Unarov, Ibid., P.12.
Type of genus: Acridium herbaceum Serville
Two species collected exactly resemble with the published description
(Kirby, 1914; Dirsh, 1965) of this genus.
1. Heteracris robustus Serville.
1839. Acridium robustrum Serville , Hist.Nat.Ins.orth., P.647.
1870. Heteracris ducalis Walker, Cat. Derm. Salt. Brit. Mus. (N.H), 4:663- 665.
1914. Heteracris robusta Kirby, Faun.Brit.Ind.Acrid. PP.262- 263.
1990. Heteracris robustus Wagan, Pak. Sci. Found Islamabad, Pakistan, 107 PP.
Table 4.8. Measurements: (mm) 5♀ 5♂ Heteracris rubustus
Species Male Female
Heteracris rubustus B.L T.L F.L B.L T.L F.L
28 22 18 52 44 33
29 24 19 56 44 33
28 22 18 53 41 33
30 24 19 54 42 34
30 23 18 51 42 33
Range 28-30 22-24 18-19 51-56 41-44 33-34
Average 29 23 18.5 53.2 42.6 33.2
S.D. 1 1 0.54 1.92 1.34 0.44
R.A. = 4.48
Material examined: Dadyal 3♀, 02.X.2007; 4♀, 26.VII.2007. Samahni 1♀,
09.IX.2007; 1♂ 1♀ , 10.IX.2007; 5♂,14.VII.2007; 1♂, 26. VII. 2007.
Habitat: The specimens of this species were collected from the millet and
maize fields at the height of 1400-2200 feet’s.
1. Heteracris illustris Walker
1870. Heteracris illustris Walker, Cat. Dem .Salt Brit. Mus. (N.H), 4:663-665.
The collectrd specimens mostly resemble with the published description
(Kirby, 1914; Wagan, 1990) of this species.
Table 4.9. Measurements: (mm) 5♀ Heteracris illustris
Species Female
Heteracris illustris B.L T.L F.L
46 36 30
50 38 31
52 42 32
60 49 37
59 47 36
Range 46-60 36-47 30-37
Average 53.4 42.4 33.2
S.D. 5.98 5.59 3.11
R.A. = 1.24
Material examined: Dadyal 2 ♀, 12. ix. 2007; 1♀, 6. vii. 2007. Siakh 15 km
South of Dadyal 2♀, 14. ix. 2007.
Habitat: The specimens of this species were collected from the maize field at the
height of 1300 feet’s.
4.2.4. Subfamily Oedipodinae
This subfamily represented 5 species under 5 genera.
Genus Aiolopus Fieber
Genus Locusta Linnaeus
Genus Oedaleus Fieber
Genus Gastrimargus Saussure
Genus Trilophidia Stål
Genus Aiolopus Fieber
1798. Gryllus Fabricius , Supl.Ent.Syst., P.195.
1853. Aiolopus Fieber , Lotos., 3:100.
1853. Epacromia Fisher, orth.Eur., P. 296.360.
1910. Oedipoda Shiraki , Acrid.Jap, P. 39.
1932. Dittopternis Shiraki , Acrid.Esaki.Ins.jap., PP> 20,69.
1966. Aeoloptilus Bei-Bienko and Mishchenko, Zool.2h., 45:314.
1951. Epacromius Bei-Bienko and Mishchenko, Keys. Faun. USSR. 40:554.
Type genus: Aiolopus thalassinus Fabricius
The collected specimens are completely agree with the published
description (Kirby, 1914; Bei-Bienko and Mishchenko, 1951; Dirsh, 1965) of this
genus.
1. Aiolopus thalassinus thalassinus Fabricius
1781. Gryllus thalassinum Fabricius, Spec.Insect., 1:367.
1968. Aiolopus thalassinum Tamulus, Hollis, Bull.Brit.Mus. (N.H.) Ent., 22:347-348.
1914. Aiolopus tamulus Kirby, Faun.Brit.Ind.Acrid., P.,122.
The collected specimen completely resemble with the published
description (Hollis, 1968) of this species.
Table 4.4.10. Measurements: (mm) 2♂5♀ Aiolopus thalassinus thalassinus
Species Female Male
Aiolopus thalassinus B.L T.L F.L B,L T.L F.L
thalassinus
16 15 7.5 21 23 14
16 16.5 8 22 23 14
15 16 9
18 17 10
16 16 9.5
Range 15-18 15-17 8-10 21-22 23- 14
Average 16.2 16.1 8.8 21.5 23 14
S. D. 1.09 0.75 1.03 0.70 00 00
R. A. = 2.49
Material examined: Dadyal 2♂, 20.IX.2007; Chakswari 1♀ , 5.VII.2008; Sehnsa
2♀ 1♂, 27.IX.2007; Samahni 2♂ , 23.IX.2007;Jatlan 1♂, 4.X.2007; 1♂,
4.IX.2007; 1♂, 24.IX.2007.
Habitat: The specimens of this species were collected from maize, rice and
grass fields at the height of 900- 2500 feet’s.
Genus Locusta Linnaeus.
1758. Gryllus (Locusta) Linnaeus, Syst.Nat., ed.10, 1:431
1853. Pachytylus Fieber, Lotos, 3:121.
1921. Locusta Uvarov, Bill.Ent.Res., 12:135.
1775. Gryllus Fabricius, Syst.Ent., P. 287
1910. Locusta Kitby, Syn.Cat.Orth., 3(2) :288.
Type genus Gryllus migratorius Linnaeus
The observed specimen exactly resemble with the published description
(Kirby, 1914; Bei-Bienko and Mishchenko, 1951) of this genus.
1. Locusta migratoria Linnaeus
1758. Gryllus(Locusta) migratoria Linnaeus, Syst.salt., ed.22, 1:702.
1914. Locusta migratoria migratoria, Bei-Bienko & Mishchenko, USSR.Acad.
Sci.Publ. 4:217-220
Identified specimen is completely resembled with the published Key (Bei-
Bienko and Mishchenko, 1951) of the species.
Table 4.11. Measurements: (mm) 1♀ Locusta migratoria
Species Male
Locusta migratoria B.L T.L F.L
42 46 25
R. A. = 0.25
Material examined: Dadyal 1♀, 19. VIII. 2007.
Habitat: The specimen of this species were collected from the millet fields at the
height of 1250 feet’s.
Genus Oedaleus Fieber.
1853. Oedipoda (Oedaleus) Fieber, Loto, 3:128.
1873. Pachytylus (Oedaleus) abruptus Stail, Recens.Orth., 1:127.
1884. Oedaleus abruptus (Thunberg) Saussure,Mem.Soc. Phys.Geneve, 28(a):50,
108, 110, 115.
Type of genus: Oedaleus decorus Germar.
All examined specimens completely tally with the published description
(Bei-Bienko and Mishchenko, 1951) of this species.
1. Oedaleus abruptus (Thunberg)
1853. Gryllus abruptus Thunberg, Mem.Acad.Sci.st.Petersb., 5:233, 396.
1873. Pachytylus (Oedaleus) abruptus Stål, Recens.Orth., 1:127.
1884. Oedaleus abruptus Thunberg Saussure, Mem.Soc. Phys.Geneve, 28(9)
:110, 117.
The specimens exactly resemble with the published description (Bei-
Bienko and Mishchenko, 1951., Ritchie, 1981) of this species.
Table 4.12. Measurement: (mm) 5♂ 5♀ Oedaleus abruptus
Species Female Male
Oedaleus abruptus B.L T.L F.L B.L T.L F.L
21 19 13 14 15 10
18 18.5 12 14 15 10
19 19.5 16 14 16 10.5
18 19 12 14 14.5 9.5
19 18 12 16 15.5 10
Range 18-19 18-19.5 12-16 14.5-16 14.5-16 9.5-10
Average 19 18.8 13 14.4 15.2 10
S. D. 1.22 0.57 1.73 0.89 0.57 0.35
R.A. =2.24
Material examined: Dadyal 2♂ 5♀ , 20.IX.2007;Chakswari 1♀,5.VII.2008;
Sehnsa 1♀, 27.IX.2007.
Habitat: The specimens of this species were collected from the maize fields and
roadside grasses.
Genus: Gastrimargus Saussure
1884. Gastrimargus Sjostedt, Kungi, Svenska,vetenskapsak. handl. (3) 6:5.
Type of genus: Gastrimargus verticalis Saussure
Collected specimens are mostly resembled with published description
(Kirby, 1914; Bei-Bienko and Mishchenko, 1951.) of this genus.
1. Gastrimargus africanus africanus Saussure
1910. Gastrimargus africanus (Saussure) Kirby, Syn.Cat. Orth., 3:227.
1928. Gastrimargus africanus Var.Zebrata, Sjostedt, K.Sven. Vet.Akad Handl., 6(1): 41.
1982. Gastrimargus african africanus Ritchie, Bull.Brit.Mus. (N.H.)Ent., 44(4): 248.
In this collection specimens are completely resemble with the published
description (Kirby, 1914; Bei-Bienko and Mishchenko, 1951; Ritchie, 1982.) of
this species.
Table 4.13. Measurements: (mm) 5 ♂ 5♀ Gastrimargu africanus africanus
Species Female Male
Gastrimargu africanus
africanus
B.L T.L F.L B.L T.L F.L
32 34 20 23 23 17
34 34.5 19.5 24 23.5 17.5
34 34.5 19.5 22 22.5 17.5
35 35 20.5 26 26 18
34 35 19.5 22 21.5 16
Range 32-35 34-35 19.5-20 22-26 21.5-26 16-18
Average 33.8 34.6 19.8 23.4 23.3 17.2
S. D. 1.09 0.41 0.44 1.37 1.68 0.75
R. A. = 5.97
Material examined: Dadyal 2 ♂ 5♀ , 22.VIII.2007; Chakswari 1♀, 5.VII.2008;
Kotli 1♀, 9.X.2007; Sehnsa 1♀, 27.IX.2007; Samahni 2♂ 3♀, 6.VII.2008.
Habitat: The specimens were collected from the maize fields and pine forest
area at the height of 1300-2600 feet’s.
Genus: Trilophidia Stål.
1873. Trilophidia Stål, Recens.Orth, 1:117, 131.
Type of genus: Trilophidia cristella Stål.
Single species completely tally with the published description (Kirby, 1914;
Bei-Bienko and Mishchenko, 1951.) of this genus.
1. Trilophidia annulata ( Thunberg)
1815. Gryllus annulata Thunberg, Mem. Acad. Sci.St. Petersb., 2:234.
1860. Oedipoda cristella Stål.Eng. Resa. Orth., P.344.
1873. Trilophidia annulata Stål, Recens. Orth; 1:132.
1914. Trilophidia turpis Kirby, Faun. Brit. Ind. Acrid., P.149.
The examined specimens mostly agree with the published description
(Kirby, 1914.; Hollis, 1965) of this species.
Table 4.14. Measurements: (mm) 4♂ 4♀ Trilophidia annulta
Species Female Male
Trilophidia annulta B.L T.L F.L B.L T.L F.L
17 14.5 9 14 15.5 8
17 16 9 14.5 16 8
16 14 8 14.5 15 7
19 18 9 14.5 16.5 8
Range 16-19 14-18 8-9 14-14.5 15-16.5 7-8
Average 17.25 15.63 8.75 14.38 15.75 7.75
S. D. 1.25 1.7 0.5 0.25 0.64 0.5
R. A. = 1.74
Material examined; Samahni 1♂ 2♀, 6.VII.2008; Jatlan 1♂, 24.IX.2007; Dadyal
1♂, 09.X.2007; Kotli 1♂, 09.X.2007; Jandichontra 1♂, 23.IX.2007.
Habitat: The specimens of this species were collected from the pine forest grass
and maize fields.
4.2.5. Sub-Family: Catantopinae
It is represented by 6 species under 4 genera.
Genus: Cantantops Walker.
1862. Catantops Schaum, Oeters, Nat.Reise.nach.Zoo. 5:134.
1853. Catantops Schaum, Berticht, Aksd., berlin, P.779.
Type: Catantops malanostictus Schaum.
The collected specimens of the species tally with the published description
(Kirby, 1914; Bei-Bienko and Mishchenko, 1951) of this genus.
1. Catantops innotabilis (Walker).
1870. Catantops innotabilis Walker, Cat. Derm. Salt. Brit. Mus., 4:629.
1870. Acridium ferrugineus Walker, Ibid :705.
1871. Caloptenus Walker, Ibid., 5, Suppl. : 63.
1902. Caloptenus indicus Bolivar, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, 19:626.
1914. Catantops humilis Kirby, Faun. Brit. Ind. Orth. Acrid., P. 250.
The collected specimens exactly tally with the published description
(Kirby, 1914; Bei-Bienko and Mishchenko, 1951) of this species.
Table 4.15. Measurements: (mm) 2 ♂ 5♀ Catantops innotabilis
R
.
A
.
=
2
.
4
9
Materiel examined:
Dadyal 1♀, 9.X.2007; Samahni 1♀ 2♂, 6.VIII.2008 Sehnsa 6♀, 27. IX. 2007.
Habitat: The specimens were collected from the stony areas.
1. Catantops brachycerus Willemse
1932. Catantops brachycerus Willemse, Natuurh.Maandlad., 29, 8:106.
The collected specimen resemble with the published description (Bei-Bienko and
Species Male Female
Catantops innotabilis B.L T.L F.L B.L T.L F.L
25 23 14 33 31 18
26 24 14 31.5 30 18
34 31 18.5
33.5 31 18.5
33.5 29.5 17.5
Range 25-26 23-24 14 33-34 29.5-31 17.5-18
Average 25.5 23.5 14 33.1 30.5 18.1
S. D. 0.70 0.70 00 0.96 0.70 0.41
Mishchenko, 1951) of this species.
Material examined: Samahni 1♂, 14.VIII.2007.
R. A. = 0.25
Habitat: The specimen was collected from the maize field.
Genus: Anacridium Uvarov
1923. Unarov, PP.141, 485.
1905. Acridium Jakobson, PP.173, 202, 307.
1914. Orthacanthacris Kirby, PP., 193,224.
Type: Anacridium aegyptium L.
General character: Tegmina and wings will develop. Wings with a smoky
median band. Hind femur with a finely dentate dorsal Carina, Hind tibia dorsally
without the external apical spine.
A simple specimen completely agrees with the published description (Bei-
Bienko and Mishchenko, 1951; Kirby, 1914) of this species.
1. Anacridium aegyptium Linnaeus
1764. Anacridium aegyptium Linnaeus, Mus.S.R.M. Ludovicae Ulricae Reginae, P.136.
1781. Gryllus Locuila Fabricius, species insectorum 1:365.
1815. Gryllus nubecula Thunberg, Mam.Acad.Sci.St. Petersb.(5) 5:238.
1927. Anacridium acgyptium Fedorov, Trans.Ent.Soc.Lond.1:53,61.
1870. Anacridium indecisum Walker, Cat.Derm,.Salt. Brit.Mus., 3:585.
A single collected specimen completely tally with the published description
(Bei-Bienko and mishchenko, 1951) of this species.
Table 4.16. Measurements: (mm) 1♀ Anacridium aegyptium
Species Female
Anacridium aegyptium B.L T.L F.L
47 46 24
R. A. = 0.25
Material examined: Samahni 1♀, 23. X. 2007.
Habitat: The specimens of this species were collected from the weed.
Genus: Chondracris Uvarov.
1923. Chondracris Uvarov, P.144.
1940. Chondracris Tinkham, PP.338, 339.
Type of genus: Chondracris rosea Uvarov.
Tegmina and wings well developed, hind tibia without dorso-external
apical spine. Mesosternum with narrow and long lobe.Male cercus conical and
female subgenital plate conical.
1. Chondracris rosea Uvarov
1870. Chondracris lutescens Walker, Cat.Derm.Salt.Brit. Mus., 3:566.
1773. Chondracris roseum De-geer, Memories, Pour servis a I’histoire des Insectes,
3:488.
Collected specimens have been identified with the published keys (Bei-
Bienko and Mishchenko, 1951) of this species.
Table 4.17. Measurements: ( mm) 1♀ 1♂ Chondracris rosea
Species Male Female
Chondracris rosea B.L T.L F.L B.L T.L F.L
42 37 23 59 55 32
R. A. = 0.25
Material examined: Dadyal 1♀ 1♂, 26.VII.2007.
Habitat: The specimens of this species were collected from the grass land.
Genus Hieroglyphus Krauss.
1877. Hieroglyphus Krauss, Sitz. Wissen. Wien. Math. Nat. kl. Abt. 74:41.
1914. Hieroglyphus Kirby, Faun. Brit. Ind. Orth. Acrid., pp. 192-201.
Type of genus: Hieroglyphus dagamemsis Krauss
The collected specimens agree with the published description ( Bei- Bienko and
Mishchenko. 1951) of this genus.
1. Hieroglyphus concolor Walker.
1870. Oxya concolor Walker. Cat. Derm. Salt. Brit. Mus., 4:646.
1878. Hieroglyphus tarsalis Stål, Bih. Sven. Akad. Handl., 5,4: 48,93.
1893. Hieroglyphus citrinolimbatus Brunnet Wattenwyl, Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat.
genova, (2), 13, 33:154.
1914. Hieroglyphus concolor Kirby, faun. Brit. Ind. Orth. Acrid., pp., 202,205.
The observed specimens completely resemble with the published description
(Bei- Bienko and Mishchenko, 1951) of this species.
Table 4.18. Measurements: (mm) 5♂ 5♀ H. concolor
R
.
A
.
=
4.
R
.
A
.
= 4.48
Material examined: Dadyal 2♀ , 22.viii. 2007 ; Kotli 2♂ , 9.x. 2007 ; Samahni 3♀,
9.ix. 2007 ; 1♀ 2♂, 23. ix. 2007 ;Sahnsa 1♂ 1♀ , 27. ix. 2007.
Species Male Female
H. concolor B.L T.L F.L B.L T.L F.L
33 25 21 58 33 28
35 25 22 61 35 30
34 23 18 42 29 26
37 27 20 45 30 24
38 27 22 55 32 28
Range 33-38 23-27 18-22 42-61 29-35 24-30
Average 35.4 25.4 20.6 52.2 31.8 27.2
S. D. 2.07 1.67 1.67 8.28 2.38 2.28
Habitat: The specimens of this species were collected from the maize fields and barru
grass near the cereal crops.
2. Hieroglyphus nigrorepletus Walker
1870. Oxya concolor Walker. Cat. Derm. Salt. Brit. Mus., 4:646.
1878. Hieroglyphus tarsalis Stål, Bih. Sven. Akad. Handl., 5,4: 48,93.
1893. Hieroglyphus citrinolimbatus Brunnet Wattenwyl, Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat.
genova, (2), 13, 33:154.
Table 4.19. Measurements: (mm) 5♂ 5♀ H. nigrorepletus
Species Male Female
H. nigrorepletus B.L T.L F.L B.L T.L F.L
33 - 18 41 - 22
35 - 20 36 - 20
35 - 19 38 - 22
31 - 17 37 - 21
34 - 19 42 - 21
-
Range 31-35 - 17-20 36-42 - 20-22
Average 33.6 - 18.6 38.8 - 21.2
S. D. 1.67 - 1.14 2.58 - 0.83
R. A. = 4.97
Material examined: Dadyal 6♂ 4♀, 20.ix.2007 ; 2♂ 1♀, 2.x.2007 ; Samahni 1♂,
14.viii. 2007 ; Kotli 3♂ ,9.x.2007 ; Choach 3 ♂, 27.ix. 2007.
Habitat: The specimens of this species were collected from the maize fields and fodder
grass (barru) near the cereal crops.
4.2.6. Sub-Family: Oxyinae
It is represented by two species under ‘1’ genera.
Genus Oxya Audinet-Serville
1781. Gryllus Fabricius, Mant.Insector., 1:239.
1831. Oxya Andinet-Serville, Ann.Sci.Nat. 22:264,286.
Type: Oxya hyla Audinet-Serville.
Only two species identified according to the published description (Kirby,
1914; Bei-Bienko and Mishchenko, 1951) of this genus.
1. Oxya hyla hyla Serville
1831. Oxya hyla Audinet-Serville, Annla Sci., nat. 22:262, 292.
1891. Serrulata Krauss, Zool.jb.Syst., 5:662.
1925. Oxya Multidentata Willemse, Ibid., P.44.
1971. Oxya hyla hyla Hollis, Bull. Brit. Mus. (N.H.) Ent. 26(7):282,284.
The collected specimens have been identified according to the published
description (Hollis, 1971) of this species.
Table 4.20. Measurements: (mm) 5♂ 5♀ Oxya nitidula
Species Male Female
Oxya nitidula B.L T.L F.L B.L T.L F.L
28 23 12 28 24 14
20 22 09 20 22 12
20 19 10 18 21 11.5
19 15 10 16 20.5 11
19 23.5 12.5 28 20 11.5
Range 19-28 15-23.5 9-12.5 16-28 20-24 11-14
Average 21.2 20.5 13.37 22 21.5 12
S. D. 3.83 3.53 1.48 5.65 1.58 1.17
R. A. = 19.9
Material examined: Samahni 12♂, 09.IX.2007; 13♂, 21.VI.2008; 14♂,
06.VII.2008; 1♀, 23.IX.2007. Jandichontra 15 Km North of Bhimber 2♂,
23.IX.2007. Sehnsa 2♂, 27.IX.2007.Kotli 1♂, 10.X.2007.
Habitat: the specimens of this species were collected from the forage grass land.
1. Oxya fuscovittata ( Marschall)
1836. Gryllus fuscovittata Marschall, Ann. Wien. Mus. Nat, 1:211.
1912. Oxya turaniea Uvarov,Trudy Russ. ant. Obsh., 10:28.
1926. Oxya fuscovittata (Marschall) Uvarov, Bull. ant. Res.,17:46.
The observed specimens of this species totally tally with the published
description (Bei-Bienko and Mishchenko, 1951 Hollis, 1971) of this species
Table 4.21. Measurements: (mm) 5♀ Oxya fuscovittata
R. A. = 22.39
Material examined: Kotli 2 ♀, 09.X.2007; Samahni 33♀, 21.VI.2008.
Habitat: The specimens of this species were collected from pasture grass land.
4.2.7. Sub-Family: Acridinae
Species Female
Oxya fuscovittata B.L T.L F.L
16 18 11
23 24 15
22 22 12
23 23.5 14.5
22 22.5 12.5
Range 16-23 18-24 11-15
Average 21.2 22 13
S. D. 2.94 2.37 1.69
In Acridinae identified 3 species under 3 genera.
Genus Acrida Linnaeus
Genus Gonista Bolivar
Genus Phlaeoba Stål
Genus Acrida Linnaeus
1758. Gryllus (Acrida) Linnaeus,Syst, Nat, ed. 10,1:427.
1802. Trynalis Brunner-Wattenwyl, PP.83, 87.
1914. Acrida Kirby,Faun. Brit. Ind. Acrid., P.97.
Type: Acrida turrita (Linnaeus).
A single species have been identified under these genera. All
specimens completely tally with the published description (Kirby, 1914; Bei-
Bienko and Mishchenko, 1951), of this genus.
Acrida exaltata (walker)
1859. Truxalis exaltata walker, Ann. Mas. Nat. Hist., (3) 4:222.
1893. Tryxalis brevicollis I. Bolivar, Feuill, Jeunes. Nat., (3)23:162,164.
1902. Acrida brevicollis Burr, Trans, ent. Soc. Lond. PP.157,170.
1914. Acrida exaltata kirby,Faun. Brit. Ind. Acrid.,PP.,98,99.
The observed specimens completely tally with the published description (kirby,
1914; Bei-Bienko and Mishchenko, 1951) of this species.
Table 4.22. Measurements: (mm) 5♂ 5♀ Acrida exaltata
Species Male Female
Acrida exaltata B.L T.L F.L B.L T.L F.L
35 34 22 55 45 33.5
35 27 21.5 53 41 33.5
34 31 20 58 45 34
32 27 19.5 41 39 30
40 35 22.5 50 52 33
Range 32-40 27-35 19.5-22.5 41-58 39-52 30-34
Average 35.2 30.8 21.5 51.4 44.4 32.8
S. D. 2.94 3.76 1.29 6.50 4.97 1.60
R. A. = 4.23
Material examined: Dadyal 5♂, 22.VIII.2007; Samahni 1♀,14.VIII.2007.; 1♂,
23.IX.2007; Kotli 1♂ 1♀, 09.X.2007; Sehnsa 1♀ 1♂, 27.IX.2007.Jatlan 1♂,
24.IX.2007.Jandichontra 1♀, 23.IX.2007.
Habitat: The specimens of this species were collected from the grass fields.
Genus Phlaeoba Stål
1860. Phlaeoba Stål, Kongl.Sven. Freg. Eug. Resa. Zod., 5:340.
1910. Amycus Shiraki, Acrid. Jap., PP.5,10.
1914. Kiryella I.Bolivar,Trab. Mus. Cienc. Nat. Madr., 20:76, 89.
Type: Phlaeoba rustica Stål
A single species have been identified under this gera,and completely
resemble with published description(Kirby,1914,Bei-Bienko and
Mishchenko,1951) of this genus.
Phlaeoba infumata (Brunner)
1893.Phlaeoba infumata Brunner,Ann. Mas. Civ. Stor. Nat.Genoua,33:124.
1941.Phlaeoba Ramme,Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, 25:13.
The collected material resemble with the published description (kirby,
1914; Bei-Bienko and Mishchenko, 1951) of this species.
Table 4.23. Measurements: (mm) 5 ♀ 5 ♂ Phlaeoba infumata
R
.
A
.
=
1
.
74
Material examined: Samahni 3♀, 14.VIII.2007.; 1♂,10.IX.2007. Sehnsa 1♂,
27,IX.2007. Jandichontra 15km. North of Bhimber 1♂, 23.IX.2007.
Habitat: The specimens of this species were collected from maize and grass
fields.
Genus Gonista Bolivar
1898. Gonista Bolivar,Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat.,19(39):29.
1914. Gelastorrhinus kirby, P.,192,216.
Type of genus: Gonista bicolor (Haan) the collected specimens
Species Male Female
Phlaeoba infumata B.L T.L F.L B.L T.L F.L
19 19 12 32 23 16
21 19.5 14 29 22 15
20 19.5 13.5 26 22.5 15
29 24 15.5
Range 19-21 19-19.5 12-14 26-32 22-24 15-16
Average 20 16 13.17 29 22.87 15.37
S. D. 1 0.28 1.04 2.44 0.85 0.47
completely resemble with published description (Bei-Bienko and Mishchenko,
1951) of this genus.
Gonista rotundata Uvarov
1933. Gonista rotundata Uvarov,Trudy Zool. instituta. An.SSSR (1932) 1:189.
Collected specimens agree with the published description (Bei-Bienko and
Mishchenko, 1951) of this species.
Table 4.24. Measurements: (mm) 1♀1♂ Gonista rotundata
Species Male Female
Gonista rotundata B.L T.L F.L B.L T.L F.L
42 33 19 59 41 25
R. A. = 0.49
Material examined: Dadydl 1♀, 25.VII.2007. Sehnsa 1♂, 27.IX.2007.
Habitat: The specimens of this species were collected from the fodder grass.
CALCULATION OF SPECIES DIVERSITY INDICES
The species richness was calculated on the basis of number of species present in each district.
A total of 25 grosshoppers species were collected from the Mirpur division out of these 17
species were collected from district Mirpur, 14 Species identified from Kotli and 17 species
collected from Bhimber. Out of 25 species 8 species are common in three districts.
Species richness was calculated by Menhinick, 1964 index.
Species richness = S-1/√n
Species Richness of District Kotli = 1.38
Species Richness of District Mirpur = 1.34
Species Richness of District Bhimber = 1.23
The species abundance was calculated on the basis of number of individual of each species.
A total 402 specimens were collected in this study. Out of these 89, 143 and 170 specimens were
collected from Kotli, Mirpur and Bhimber respectively. The species Oxya fuscovittata ranks as
much abundant having 90 specimens while species Aularches miliaris, Locusta migratoria,
Anacridium aegyptium , Acorypha glaucopsis and Cantantops
brachycerus rank as least abundant having one specimen. The species O. hyla ; S. prasiniferum
prasiniferum ; G. africanus africanus ; H. nigrorepletus ; H. concolor; Heteracris rubustus; A.
exltata ; C. innotabilis ; A. thalassinus thalassinus ; E. alacris alacris ; O. abruptus ; P. infumata
; T. annulata ;C. robertsi ; H. illustris ; P. conica ; A. sinensis sinensis ; C. rosea ;G. rotundatus
rank in between respectively.
Check list of Acridoidea of Azad Jammu & Kashmir
Family Pyrgomorphidae
Genus Chrotogonus Serville
1- C. robertsi Serville
Genus Atractomorpha Saussare
2- A. sinensis sinensis Saussare
Genus Pyrgomorpha Serville
3- P. conica Serville
Genus Aularches Stål
4- A. miliaris Stål
Family Acrididae
Sub family Hemiacridinae
Genus Spathosternum Krauss
5. S. prasiniferum prasniferum (Walker)
Subfamily Calliptaminae
Genus Acorypha Krauss
6- A. glaucopsis (Walker)
Subfamily Euprepocnemidinae
Genus Euprepocnemis Fieber
7- E. alacris alacris (Serville)
Genus Heteracris Walker
8- H. robustus (Serville)
9- H. illustris Walker
Subfamily Oedipodinae
Genus Aiolopus Fieber
10- A. thalassinus thalassinus Fabricius
Genus Locusta Linnaeus
11- L. migratoria Linnaeus
Genus Oedaleus Fieber
12- O. abruptus
Genus Gastrimargus Saussure
13-G. africanus africanus
Genus Trilophidia Stål
14- T. annulata
Sub family Catantopinae
Genus Catantops
15- C. innotabilis Walker.
16- C. brachycerus Willemse
Genus Anacridium Uvarov
17- A. aegyptium Linnaeus
Genus Chondracris Uvarov.
18- C. rosea
Genus Hieroglyphus Krauss
19- H. concolor
20- H. nigrorepletus
Subfamily Oxyinae
Genus Oxya Audinet-Serville
21- O. hyla hyla Serville
22- O. fuscovittata Marschall
Subfamily Acridinae
Genus Acrida Linnaeus
23- A. exaltata Walker
Genus Phlaeoba Stål
24- P. infumata Brunner
Genus Gonista Bolivar
25- G. rotundata.
REFERENCES
Ahmad, F. U., 1975-1980. Survey of grasshoppers in arid and semi-arid regions of
Pakistan. PI. 480. No. PK-ARM -20 ( FG -Pa-212). 500 Pp.
Ahmad, H. , 1977. Key characters of major taxonomic groups of grasshoppers of the
South Asia subcontinent and some species of Pamphagidae and Pyrgomorphidae of
Pakistan. Agric. Pak., 28(3):173-187.
Akbar, S. S., 1963. Classification of the family pyrgomorphidae (Orthoptera:
Acridoidea) primarily on the basis of their phallic characters. Ph.D.
Thesis, Mc, Gill Unive. Montreal, Canada.
Akbar , S. S., 1966. Studies on the female copulatory armature of six
Pyrgomorpha genera (Orthoptera: Acridoidea). Sindh Univ. Sci.
Res. J., 2:1- 8.
Akbar, S. S. and H.A. Baloch, 1970. A new species Gesnula rehni (Orthoptera:
Acrididae) from West Pakstan. Pak. J. Zool. 2:11-15.
Ambethgar,V. and K. Kumaran, 1998. Biological suppression of grasshoppers. The
India express (science express November).
Atwal, A.S., 1976. Agricultural pests of India and South East Asia 1st .ed. Kalyani
Publishers, Ludhiana, pp. 155.
Baloch, H. A., 1966. Taxonomy of Pyrgomorpha and subfamilies Hemiacridinae,
Oxyinae, Cyrtacanthacridinae, Tropidopolinae, Eyprepocnemidinae and
Catantopinae of Acrididae of Hyderabad and its adjoing areas. M.Sc.
Thesis, Univ. Sindh, Jamshoro,Pakistan.
Batten, A., 1969. The Senegalese Grasshoppers, Oedaleus, senegalensis
(Krauss). J. Appl. Eco. 6:27-45.
Baccetti, B. and M. M. Abubakar, 1987. The Orthopterans present on sorghum, maize
and rice in the area of lower Uebi Seebella and upper Jubba. Italian J. Zoo. , 22:
129-176.
Bei-Bienko G.Y, and L. L. Mishchenko, 1951.Locust and grasshoppers of USSR and
Adjacent Countries.Part 1 2 S. Monson. Jerusalem. 135-594 Pp.
Bhattia, D. R. and P. J. S. Ahlawalia, 1966. Oedaleus senegalensis Krauss
(Orthoptera: Acrididae) plague in Rajistan. Pl. Prot. Bull. New Delhi 10: 8-
12.
Bremmer, G., 1991. Insect damage to grasses over sown into tussock grassland in
central Otago. New Zealand J. Agri. Res., 34:305-309.
Chandra, R. and T. Manoharan, 1989. Population distribution and control of small
rice grasshopper Oxya nitidula (walker). Madras Agric. J., 74 :328-329.
Dirsh, V. M., 1965. The African Genera of Acridoidea. Camb. Univ. Press, London.
Fletcher, J. B., 1919. Annotated list of Indian crop pests. Report of Proceeding .
3rd ent. Meeting, Pusa, 1:306. Pp.
Gutam, J., K. K. Misra and T. Bhattacharya 2006. Dicersity of some insect fauna in
industrial and non- industrial areas of West Bengal, India Journal of Insect
conservation 10:249-260 Pp.
Hashmi, A.A., 1962. Some studies on the local grasshoppers of genus
Hieroglyphus. M. Sc. Thesis,Punjab Univ. Lahore, Pakistan.
Hollis, D., 1965. A revision of the genus Trilophidia Staol (Orthoptera :Acridoidea).
Trans. Royal Ent. Soc. London. 117:245-262.
Hollis, D., 1968. A revision of genus Aiolopus Fieber (Orthoptera: Acridoidea). Bull.
Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.). Ent. 22:309-355.
Hollis, D., 1971. A preliminary revision of genus Oxya Audinet-Serville
(Orthoptera: Acridoidea). Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.). Ent. 26:269-343.
Hong, Y. and Xiang, C. 2005. Discription of two new species of Stenocatantops
(Orthoptera: Acridoidea) from Taiwan with a key to known apecies of genus
Zootaxa 1055:41-48 Pp.
Irshad, M., M. A. Ghani and R. Ali, 1978. Parasites of grasshopper (Acridoidea
:Orthoptera) eggs, distribution and life history of Seclio spp. (Hymenoptera
: Seclionidae) in Pakistan. Can. Ent., 110 : 449-454.
Jago, N. D., 1982. The African Phaeocatantops Dirsh and its allies in the old world
tropical gen. Xenocatantops Dirsh with description of new spices (Catantopine)
Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc.,108:429-457.
Jago, N. D., 1984. The alate genera of East African Catantopinae (Orthoptera:
Acrididae) including revision of genus Catntops Schaum Trans. Amer. Ent.
Soci., 110: 295-387.
Kirby, W. F., 1914. Orthoptera (Acrididae) l fauna of British – India, including
Ceylon and Burma. Taylor and Francis Ltd. London.
Krebs, C. J., 1985. Ecology; the Experimental Analysis of Distribution and Abundace,
Harper and Row New York 694 pp.
Mahmood , K., 1995. Taxonomic studies of acridoidea (Orthoptera) of Azad
Jammu & Kashmir. Ph. D. Thesis, Univ. Agric., Faislabad, Pakistan.
Mahmood, K., M. Yousaf and A. Khaliq, 2002. Taxonomic study of some Catantopinae
(Acridoidea: Orthoptera) from Azad Jammu & Kashmir. Pak. J. Zoo., 34:233-237.
Mahmood, K. and M. Yousuf, 2000. Taxonomic study of some Pyrgomorphidae,
Catantopinae ( Acridoidea: Orthoptera ) Pakistan J. Bio.l Sci. 3:1914-1916.
Mahmood, K. and M. Yousuf, 1999. New records of Oedipodinae (Acrididae :
Orthoptera) from Azad Jammu and Kashmir with the description of new
species. Pak. J. Zoo., 34:1-25.
Mason, J. B., 1973. A revision of the genera Hieroglyphus Krauss, Parahieroglyphus
Carl and Hieroglyphus Uvarov (Orthoptera: Acridoidea). Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.).
Ent. 28: 509-560
Mazhar, M. N. , 1993. Acrididae of the Punjab (Pakistan). M. Sc. Thesis, Univ. Agric.
Faisalabad, Pakistan.
Menhinick, E. F., 1964. A comparison of some species - individuals diversity
indices. Ecology 45: 859-861.
Moeed, A., 1971. Key to the identification of grasshoppers belonging to family
Tetrigidae and subfamily Acridinae and Oedipodinae of Hyderabad and
adjoining areas. Sindh Univ. Res. J.,5:79-92.
Moeed, A. 1976. A new species of Oxypternae Ramme (Orthoptera: Acrididae) from
Pakistan. Pak. J.Zoo., 8:155-157.
Mohyuddin, A. I., 1955. The Acrididae of Lahore. M. Sc. Thesis, Univ. Punjab,
Lahore, Pakistan.
Perwin, R., H. Ahmad and M. Ahmad, 1983. Seasonal incidence of grasshoppers
in Karachi (Pakistan). Bull. Zoo., 1: 67-77.
Perwin, R., M. A .A. Baig and M. Ahmad, 1985. Host and food plants of some acridid
grasshoppers in Pakistan. Rec. Zoo. Surv. Pak., 101-109.
Richards, O. W and R. G. Davies, 1977. IMMS. General Text book of Entotmology
10th ed. John Willey and sons New York. Pp. 550-551.
Ritchie, J. M., 1981 A taxonomic revision of the genus Oedaleus Fiber, Bull. Brit.
Mus. (Nat. Hist.). Ent. Ser. 42:83-183
Ritchie, J. M., 1982 A taxonomic revision of the genus Gastrimargus Saussure
(Orthoptera: Acrididae). Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.). Ent. Ser. 44:239-32
Shahid, M., 1964. Taxonomic Study of some Pakistan Acrididae with illustrated key to
genera and species. M.Sc. Thesis. Colarado State Univ. Colarado, USA.
Steven. A. and Trewick. 2001. Identity of an endangered grasshopper Acrididae:
Orthoptera) taxanomy, molecules and conservation. Conservation
genetics 2:233-243. Pp.
Suhail, A. 1994. Taxonomic studies on Acridoidea ( Orthoptera) of Pakistan. Ph.D.
Thesis, Univ. Agric. Faisalabad, Pakistan, Pp. 343
Suhail, A., N. M. Malik and M. Yousuf, 1994. Taxonomic studies on Acridinae
(Acrididae: Orthoptera) of the Punjab, Pakistan. Pak. Ent., 16(1-2)55-58.
Tandon, S. K. and M. S. Shishodia, 1977. The Acridoidea (Orthoptera) of Goa. Rec.
Zool. Surv. India 72:295-307.
Uvarov, B, P., 1927. Distributional records of Indian Acrididae. Record of Indian
Museum 29: 223-239.
Uvarov, B.P., 1977. Grasshoppers and locusts Vol. 2. Cambridge, Lond, 613 Pp.
Wagan, M. S., 1990. grasshoppers (Acrididae: Orthoptera) of Sindh. Pak. Sci.
Found., Islamabad, Pakistan. 110 pp.
