Date post: | 19-Jan-2016 |
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Species Interactions
Brainstorm!
Species Interactions
Fitness: the ability of an organism to survive, reproduce, and pass along genes to the next
generation
What is “Fitness”?
Species InteractionsChange in Fitness as a
Result of the Interaction
+ net gain of fitness
0 no net change of fitness
- net loss of fitness
Fitness: the ability of an organism to survive, reproduce, and pass along genes to the next
generation
Predation
Definition: One species eats another
Example: Carnivore, omnivore, herbivore, parasite, parasitoid
Symbol: +/-
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Parasitism
one organism (parasite) obtains its food at the expense of another organism (host)
Mosquitoes, tapeworms, leeches
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Prey Adaptations
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Predator Adaptations
Adaptations that predators have that allows them to catch their prey.
Speed Agility Camouflage Packs Claws Teeth
Competition
Definition: Neither organism benefits from the interaction (competition for the same resources is often involved)
Example: Different predators competing for the same prey, Oh Deer!
Symbol: -/-
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What can happen?
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Competitive Exclusion (There’s a winner and a
loser)
ResourcePartitioning (Divide up who gets to use what resources)
Mutualism Definition: Both organisms
benefit from the interaction
Example: cleaner wrasse cleaning fish teeth, bees pollinating flowers, digestive bacteria and humans
Symbol: +/+
10
To The Aquarium!
3 minutes per area—making observations on the Graphic Organizer
Look for details (they will make you happy!)
Enjoy yourself, but remember that you are a scientist and an academic!
Today, you may observe the rays in the touch tank, but save the touching for another time.
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Fitness?!?
Turn to your neighbor and remind each other what “fitness” means in ecology
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Fitness: the ability of an organism to survive, reproduce, and pass along genes to the next generation
Neutralism
Definition: Two organisms interact but have no effect on each other.
Example: Some members of tide pool communities
Symbol: 0/0
* It is important to remember that this is not the absence of interaction. It is just that the interactions do not impact the fitness of either organism.*
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Commensalism
Definition: Interaction where one organism benefits and the other organism is neither harmed nor benefitted.
Example: Cattle egret and cattle, barnacle and whale
Symbol: +/0
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Amensalism
Definition: One organism negatively impacts another organism, but it not impacted itself.
Example: Penicillium bacteria and other bacteria, black walnut tree and other plants (growth inhibitors)
Symbol: -/0
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