Specific hazards and mitigation

Done by- P. Sai Srikar

Definition of Hazard Mitigation Hazard Mitigation is defined as any sustained action

that is taken to eliminate or reduce risk to people and property from the effects of natural disasters (volunteermatch.org).

Mitigation is a proactive phase of the Emergency Management four cycle phase in hopes to specifically dedicated to break the cycle of damage, to reduce reconstruction and repeated damage (etcog.org).

Mitigation grants funding have increased in order to reduce damage and reconstruction of damage property.

FEMA has required agencies and organizations that apply for the hazard mitigation grant, to have a documented plan on how losses will be reduced or eliminated.

Disaster Life CycleIs known as the four Phases of Emergency

Management

Introduction to Natural Hazards What is a “Geohazard”?

• Earth processes (involving the lithosphere, hydrosphere & atmosphere) that, upon interaction with human activity, cause loss of life and property

It is important to understand the human element without it, there would be no hazard because of it, the science of geohazards becomes more

important every year mitigation: reduction/prevention

Why is the human element so critical?

The Earth’s population is increasing more people living in hazard-prone areas populations are becoming hyper-concentrated consumption of resources examples: today there are 6 billion people on Earth ( ~ 50% live in

cities) by 2025, there will be ~8 billion people (~ 66% in cities) of these cities, 40% are coastal prone to severe storm and tsunami damage

and a large majority lie in areas subject to other geohazards (for example volcanoes and earthquakes)

• Therefore, we must try to reduce (mitigate) the hazards through:

• scientific study• population education• changes in engineering/building practices• management plans and hazard response scenarios

Fourteen Types Of Natural Hazards Hurricane Tornado Severe weather Thunderstorm Floods Tsunamis Wildfires Winter-storm Earthquake Landslide Drought Heat-wave Volcano Space weather

Descriptive Picture of a Severe Weather and Thunderstorm

Descriptive Picture of a Hurricane and Tornado

Descriptive Picture of a Flood and Tsuamis

Descriptive Picture of a Wildfires and Winter-Storms

Descriptive Picture of a Earthquake and Landslide

Descriptive Picture of a Drought and Heat-Wave

Descriptive Picture of a Volcano and Space Weather

To help mitigate the hazard we need to know: Frequency vs. Magnitude

• F: how often a given event occurs in a certain region

• M: how powerful (amount of energy released) an event is for example, high M hazards happen with low F, but are much more destructive

Scope• S: area affected by a given hazard local: landslides, floods, earthquakes, fire … regional: tsunamis, volcanoes, larger earthquakes, cyclones …

global: large volcanoes, global warming, meteorite impacts …

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