Speech Classification

8/14/2019 Speech Classification

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Speech Classification Speech Lab Spring 2009

February 17, 091

Montgomery College

Speech Classif icat ion

Uche O. AbanuloPhysics EngineeringAnd Geosciences


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February 17, 092

Montgomery College

Detai led Classif icat ion

Phonemes

Vowels Semivowels Consonants Transitionals

GlidesLiquids

FricativesNasals

Plosives

Whispers

AffricatesDiphthongs


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February 17, 093

Montgomery College

Speech Produc t ion System


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February 17, 094

Montgomery College

Vowels

Source Quasi-periodic puffs of airflow through the vocal folds vibrating at

a certain fundamental frequency, which is the pitch

System

The formation of each vowel depends on the vocal tractconfiguration, which depends on the following factors:

The tongueposition and degree of constriction

Lipsdegree of openness, roundedness

Jaws

Examples

/a/ in fathertongue is raised at the front, low degree ofconstriction of tongue against palate

/i/ in eve - tongue is raised at the front, high degree of

constriction of tongue against palate


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February 17, 095

Montgomery College

Vowels

Vowel Examplei eve

I it

e Hate

E Met

@ at

a Father

c all

o obeyU foot

u boot

A up

R bird
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.translationdirectory.com/images_articles/wikipedia/Cardinal_vowel_tongue_positions.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.translationdirectory.com/articles/article1857.php&usg=__4sCZvd3VSAH5PLm0LkqV_o1x0fM=&h=298&w=300&sz=11&hl=en&start=8&sig2=Q2FseHb912mWcGURxeSA2A&um=1&tbnid=fiyu896iYwdseM:&tbnh=115&tbnw=116&ei=jgWbSdLPNtvFmQfZiaWSCg&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dvocall%2Btract%2Bprofiles%2Bfor%2Bamerican%2Bvowels%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DG


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February 17, 096

Montgomery College

Fricat ives

Source Noise generated buy some turbulent airflow along the oral tract

System

The formation of each fricative depends on

If the vocal tract is vibrating or not (for voice and unvoiced fricatives)

the tongue

Lips

Teeth

Theres usually a voiced/unvoiced pair

Examples

/z/ in Zebravocal folds vibrate along with noise production

/s/ in sweetNo vibration along with noise production


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February 17, 097

Montgomery College

Vowels

Voiced Fricative Example Unvoiced

Fricative

Example

v vote f forD then T thin

Z azure S she

z zoo s see


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February 17, 098

Montgomery College

Nasals

Source Quasi-periodic airflow from vibrating vocal folds

System

Air flows through the nasal cavity, sound is radiated at the

nostrils

Sound is determined by the position of the tongues constriction

Examples

/m/ in Mantongues constriction is at the lips

/n/ in Notongues constriction is at the gum ridge

/G/ in singtongues constriction is near the velum


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February 17, 099

Montgomery College

Plosives

Source/System Burst generated as a result of pressure build-up behind an oral

tract contriction

Oral tract is initially closed (with vibration of vocal cords for voicedplosives and no vibration for unvoiced plosives)

Release of air pressure and generation of turbulence over a veryshort duration

Examples

/g/ in govibration occurs along with constriction

/k/ in bakerno vibration occurs along with constriction


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February 17, 0910

Montgomery College

Whispers

Source Noise generated buy some turbulent airflow along the oral tract

System

No constriction of oral tract but no vibration either

aspiration

Examples

/h/ in he

h l f h b


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February 17, 0911

Montgomery College

Transit ionals

Diphthongs Vocal tract moves between two vowel sounds

e.g /Y/ in hide; /W/ in out; /O/ in boy; /JU/ in new

Affricates

Formed by the transition from plosive to fricative

Example

/ts/ in chewtransition from /t/ to /S/;

/J/ injusttransition from /d/ to /Z/

S h Cl f S h L b S 2009


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February 17, 0912

Montgomery College

Semi-vowels

Voice-like in nature

Glides Dynamic and transitional

Very similar to diphthongs

Usually occur between two vowels or before a vowel

More constriction of oral tract during transition than diphthongs

Greater speed of oral tract movement

e.g: /w/ in away and /y/ in you

Liquids

Similar to glides except for the tongue constriction

e.g. /l/ in liquid, /r/ in right

S h Cl ifi i S h L b S i 2009


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February 17, 0913

Montgomery College

Why Speech Class i f icat ion

Artificial speech production

Speech correction

Speech recognition

S h Cl ifi i S h L b S i 2009


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February 17, 0914

Montgomery College

Generalized speech class if icat ion

Voiced

Quasi-periodic excitation

Modulation by vocal tract

Production of vowels, voiced

fricatives & plosives

Unvoiced

No periodic vibration of vocal

chords

Noise-like nature

Production of unvoiced

fricatives and plosives

S h Cl ifi ti S h L b S i 2009


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February 17, 0915

Montgomery College


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Embedded Voiced Speech

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Embedded Unvoiced Speech



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February 17, 0916

Montgomery College


0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.1-1

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Amplitude

A Voiced Segment from a Male Speech Signal

0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.1-1

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An Unvoiced Segment from a Male Speech Signal



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February 17, 0917

Montgomery College

Lab simple observat ion

1. Record yourself saying /S/ as in shout

2. Read and plot your file

3. Repeat 1 and 2 above with the phoneme

/a/ as in father.

Now lets compare the two figures



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February 17, 0918

Montgomery College

Lab more detai led

1. Record yourself saying shout

Now well work together to create a voiced

unvoiced detection system using onlyenergy.



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February 17, 0919

Montgomery College

Group Project

1. Record yourself sayingsupercal i fragi l is t icexpial idocious

2. Manually label your recording as voiced/unvoiced

3. Automatically label your recording using the speech

classification system we just created4. Compare your manual and automatic labels

Figures will be awesome

5. Discuss all the different phonemes contained in therecorded word including

1. What kind of phoneme are they?

2. How are they produced?

3. Are they voiced or unvoiced?

4. more???

6. One-two page report due next week.



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February 17, 09

Montgomery College

Research

1. Research on different ways forclassifying speech into phonemes or asvoiced/unvoiced other than energy.

2. Each group will give a 10 minutepresentation at the next meeting

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Speech Classification

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