SPENT SOLUTION IN HYDRO

Prateek jain MBA-TECH [Mechanical]

K-0132015-2016

ScopeTo study types of cooling tower ,calculating

cooling tower efficiency ,material required and maintenance operation.

To study types of axial flow fan, fan laws , material required , maintenance operation.

Calculation of flow rate of spent solution.

Cooling tower

Closed loop cooling tower system

Types of cooling towerNatural draft: Use very large concrete

chimneys to introduce air.Mechanical draft: Towers are available in the

following arrangement. 1 Counter flows induced draft2 Counter flow forced draft3 Cross flow induced draft

Operating principleHeat is transferred from liquid drops to

surrounding air by the transfer of sensible and latent heat and liquid is sprayed into the air at the top of the tower.

The heat transfrence is produced by the different enthalpy of air and liquid.

The transference depends on other factors such as in liquid temperature, wet bulb temperature, liquid flow rate, air flow etc.

Cooling tower efficiencyThe cooling tower efficiency can be

expressed asμ = (ti - to) 100 / (ti - twb)    whereμ = cooling tower efficiency (%)ti = inlet temperature of water to the tower

(oC, oF)to = outlet temperature of water from the

tower (oC, oF)twb = wet bulb temperature of air (oC, oF)

Observation table

Cooling tower fanFans provide air for ventilation and industrial

process requirements. Fans generate a pressure to move air or

gases against resistance caused by ducts.The purpose of a cooling tower fan is to move

a specified quantity of air through the system.

Types of axial fan

Fans laws

Flow rate of spent solution

MaterialGalvanized steel, various grades of stainless

steel, glass fiber, and concrete are widely used in tower construction as well as aluminum.

Glass fiber is also widely used for cooling tower casings and basins, giving long life and protection from the harmful effects of many chemicals

The fan’s hub and all its parts shall be made of stainless steel or fibre reinforced resin.

Maintenance operationsFollow manufacturer’s recommended clearances around

cooling towers and relocate or modify structures that interfere with the air intake or exhaust.

Clean plugged cooling tower distribution nozzles regularlyProper check of cooling water pumps regularly to

maximize their efficiencyLubrication, prevent breakdown from vibrations, moisture

and foulingNew paint coating if it is damaged corroded away., paint

type shall be at least equal to the original paint.

Thank-you