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SPINAL CORD DISEASES Paraparesis Quadriparesis 1 www.medicinemcq.com
| Date post: | 27-Jun-2015 |
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SPINAL CORD DISEASESParaparesis
Quadriparesis
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Where does the spinal cord end?
Adult spinal cord - 45 cm long Originates at the medulla Ends at the conus medullaris
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Fetal life
Until the third month of fetal life Spinal cord is as long as the vertebral
canal After the third month of fetal life
Vertebral column elongates faster than the spinal cord
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Adults
Vertebral column is longer than the spinal cord
Common cause of spinal cord disease Diseases of the vertebrae
Fracture Infection Secondary deposits
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Adults – L 1
Spinal cord ends at the lower level of first lumbar vertebral body
Cervical enlargement Innervate the upper extremities
Lumbar enlargement Innervate the lower limbs
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Cauda equina (horse's tail) Different growth rates of the cord
and spine Vertebral column is longer than the
cord Cord segments are above their
corresponding vertebrae Lumbosacral region
Nerve roots descend almost vertically below the cord to form the cauda equina
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Spinal cord has 31 segments 8 cervical
Only seven cervical vertebrae 12 thoracic 5 lumbar 5 sacral
Sacrum formed by fusion of 5 vertebrae
Few small coccygeal
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Each segment
Ventral (motor) root Exit from the vertebral column
through intervertebral foramina Dorsal (sensory) root
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Ventral (anterior) roots
Alpha motor neuron axons To the extrafusal striated muscle
fibers Gamma motor neuron axons
To the intrafusal muscle fibers
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Dorsal (posterior) roots
Sensory Convey sensory information from the
skin, joints, and muscles to the central nervous system
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C1 to C7 spinal nerves
Exit above the same-numbered vertebral bodies C2 spinal nerve root exits above C2
vertebra C8 root
Exits between vertebral bodies C7 and T1
All the subsequent spinal nerves exit below the same-numbered vertebral bodies.
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SPINAL CORD LEVELS RELATIVE TO THE VERTEBRAL BODIES
Spinal Cord LevelCorresponding Vertebral Body
Upper cervical Same as cord level
Lower cervical 1 level higher
Upper thoracic 2 levels higher
Lower thoracic 2 to 3 levels higher
Lumbar T10-T12
Sacral T12-L1
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T4 SPINE
Level with the sixth CORD segment T12
S1cord segment
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Hallmark of spinal cord disease
Loss of motor and sensory functions below the level of the lesion
Loss of autonomic functions occurs below the level of the lesion Loss of urinary bladder tone Paralytic ileus
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Horizontal level in the body
Sensory level Damage to the ascending spinothalamic
tract Motor level (i.e., paraplegia or
quadriplegia) Damage to the descending corticospinal
and other motor tracts………..
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